Tropical Wave Studies with COSMIC Temperature Profiles. FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC Data Users Workshop Joan Alexander NorthWest Research Associates

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Tropical Wave Studies with COSMIC Temperature Profiles. FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC Data Users Workshop Joan Alexander NorthWest Research Associates"

Transcription

1 Tropical Wave Studies with COSMIC Temperature Profiles FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC Data Users Workshop Joan Alexander NorthWest Research Associates

2 Outline Tropical Waves, Weather, and Climate For three example issues, will present Mo4va4on: Role of tropical waves Challenges for global models Contribu4ons of COSMIC measurements Three issues: 1. Tropical wind variability 2. Tropical circula4on & extratropical teleconnec4ons 3. Tropical tropopause temperature variability & cirrus Summary and COSMIC-2A Outlook

3 Ex #1: Tropical wind variability MoDvaDon Convec4vely-coupled tropical waves in cloud/rain observa4ons Symmetric AnD-Symmetric Color = Ra4o Spectrum/Background Kiladis et al. [2009]

4 Ex #1: Tropical wind variability MoDvaDon Unbalanced wave mo4ons are a fundamental component of tropical wind variability No geostrophic balance near the equator: Gradients in f à E-W-propaga4ng, equatoriallytrapped waves.

5 Ex #1: Tropical wind variability Challenges in Global Models Reanalyzed Wind Uncertain4es Baker et al 2014

6 Ex #1: Tropical wind variability RO AssimilaDon and Tropical Waves ECMWF Analysis Increments 5oS 5oN RO assimila4on improves temperature, but unbalanced tropical waves dominate wind errors Podglajen et al. [2014]

7 Ex #1: Tropical wind variability Global Kelvin waves and Gravity Waves are unbalanced Dry Linear Wave Theory: Kiladis et al. [2009] Kelvin Wave T, (u,w ) ConvecDve Coupling: [Straub & Kiladis, 2003] Mid-tropospheric latent hea4ng shids warm T to the west Slows eastward propaga4on Changes phase rela4onship between T and (u, w )

8 Ex #2: QBO MoDvaDon: Long-Range Weather to Near-Term Climate Quasibiennial Oscilla4on (QBO) 10 m/s zonal wind contours Driven by mul4-scale wave dynamics. Forcing primarily from Kelvin waves and gravity waves. Influences tropical-extratropical teleconnec4ons, e.g. seasonal forecasts of the North Atlan4c Oscilla4on [Scaife et al. 2014]. [Thompson et al. 2002] Surface Temp. Anom. (K)

9 Ex #2: QBO Challenges in represendng QBO TeleconnecDon in Models Winter Easterly Westerly Sea-Level Pressure differences Scaife et al [2014]

10 Ex #2: QBO COSMIC ContribuDons: The Tropical Wave Spectrum Derived solely from COSMIC-1 temperature profiles Periods > 2d, wn < 9 S.Alexander et al. [2008]

11 Ex #2: QBO COSMIC ContribuDons: The Tropical Wave Spectrum Derived solely from COSMIC-1 temperature profiles Periods > 2d, wn < 9 COSMIC-2 à 4X more profiles Resolve more of the gravity wave spectrum S.Alexander et al. [2008]

12 Ex #2: QBO RO ContribuDons: Profile Triads for Gravity Wave Fluxes HIRDLS 1 COSMIC-1 plus HIRDLS gave 15 triads/day for tropical gravity waves [Alexander, 2015] RO 2 HIRDLS 0 COSMIC-1 plus CHAMP gave 7-8 triads/day for tropical gravity waves [Schmidt et al 2016]

13 Ex #3: Tropopause Waves & Cirrus MoDvaDon: Tropical Waves and Climate Tropical Tropopause Layer and Stratospheric Water Vapor Stratosphere Troposphere La4tude TTL is a cold trap: ice crystals form and fall, limi4ng humidity of air entering the stratosphere. Waves modulate temperatures and cirrus in the TTL. Global Brewer-Dobson circula4on carries TTL water vapor signal globally Radia4ve effects on surface temperature Chemical effects on ozone

14 Ex #3: Tropopause Waves & Cirrus MoDvaDon: Tropical Waves and Climate What kind of waves lower the Cold Point Temperature? Equatorial Rossby waves Kelvin waves Mixed Rossbygravity waves Gravity waves Kim & Alexander [2015]

15 Ex #3: Tropopause Waves & Cirrus Challenge is represendng TTL Cold Point Temperature variability Western Pacific Radiosondes -1.6K 1.6 o colder cold point ó 1 ppmv lower stratospheric H 2 O ( 25% of the mean 4ppmv H 2 O entry value) MERRA ERA-Interim -0.5K -0.6K Kim & Alexander [2015]

16 Ex #3: Tropopause Waves & Cirrus COSMIC profiles for reference temperature ATTREX Jensen et al. [2016] Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment Global Hawk ATTREX Measurements Flights T (MMS), ice #density (FCDP), cirrus backsca\er (CPL)

17 Ex #3: Tropopause Waves & Cirrus COSMIC profiles for reference temperature Kim et al [2016] Mean COSMIC 30d, 10 o x5 o <30d Wave Temperature Anomalies

18 Ex #3: Tropopause Waves & Cirrus COSMIC profiles for reference temperature Kim et al [2016] Tropical Wave T and Cirrus Occurrence, z=14-18km

19 Ex #3: Tropopause Waves & Cirrus COSMIC profiles for reference temperature Kim et al [2016] Wave T (z) Ice occurrence (N>30/L) x AlDtude of cold point Ice layers oden capped by cold point Ice most oden detected where dt /dz < 0

20 Ex #3: Tropopause Waves & Cirrus dt /dz<0 ó dt /dt<0 Kim et al [2016] > Time ^ Al4tude Profile Wave theory: upward propaga4ng waves from sources below show phase descent with 4me. Nega4ve ver4cal slope coincides with periods of cooling.

21 Ex #3: Tropopause Waves & Cirrus dt /dz<0 ó dt /dt<0 Kim et al [2016] > Time ^ Al4tude Profile Cirrus Occurrence

22 Ex #3: Tropopause Waves & Cirrus Profiles of Wave T and Cirrus Lidar backscaver 400km long flight segment with con4nuous opera4on of the CPL Dive profiles before/ader show cloud layers and gap where dt /dz>0 400 km Kim et al [2016]

23 Summary & Outlook COSMIC Temperature profiles for Tropical Wave Studies COSMIC-1 Measurement density suitable for global-scale wave studies, wavenumbers wn < 9 Useful as reference temperature and/or in combina4on with other data for gravity wave studies COSMIC-2A? Tropical gravity wave modes, 1-3 d, wn < 18 (λ h > 2000km) Diurnal waves and variability Combined w/other data for higher frequency/smaller scale gravity waves

24 Summary & Outlook COSMIC Temperature profiles for Tropical Wave Studies COSMIC-1 Measurement density suitable for global-scale wave studies, wavenumbers wn < 9 Useful as reference temperature and/or in combina4on with other data for gravity wave studies COSMIC-2A? Tropical gravity wave modes, 1-3 d, wn < 18 (λ h > 2000km) Diurnal waves and variability Combined w/other data for higher frequency/smaller scale gravity waves à Strateole-2 Radio-OcculaDon from long-duradon balloons Cao et al. POSTER this meedng!!!

25 Summary & Outlook Bing Cao et al. POSTER this meedng!!! Spherical Super Pressure Balloon, Helium, 11 or 13 -m diameter. Strateole-2 Radio Occulta4on from Tropical Long-Dura4on Super-pressure Balloons Gondola: EUROS, ~13 kg Flight Monitoring/Control Scien4fic Instrument: TSEN Control/Opera4on Center : CNES Geometry of Balloon-borne Radio OccultaDon Gondola: ZEPHYR, ~22kg Various combina4ons of 3 scien4fic instruments including Radio-Occula4on (ROC). Science Mission Control Center : CNRS-LMD

26 References 1 Alexander, M. J., 2015: Global and seasonal varia4ons in three-dimensional gravity wave momentum flux from satellite limb sounding temperatures. Geophys. Res. Lev., 42, doi: /2015gl Alexander, S. P., T. Tsuda, Y. Kawatani, and M. Takahashi (2008), Global distribu4on of atmospheric waves in the equatorial upper troposphere and lower stratosphere: COSMIC observa4ons of wave mean flow interac4ons, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D24115, doi: /2008jd Baker, W.E., R. Atlas, C. Cardinali, A. Clement, G.D. Emmiv, B.M. Gentry, R.M. Hardesty, E. Källén, M.J. Kavaya, R. Langland, Z. Ma, M. Masutani, W. McCarty, R.B. Pierce, Z. Pu, L.P. Riishojgaard, J. Ryan, S. Tucker, M. Weissmann, and J.G. Yoe, 2011: Lidar-measured wind profiles: The missing link in the global observing system, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 95, Camargo, S. J. and A. H. Sobel, 2010: Revisi4ng the Influence of the Quasi-Biennial Oscilla4on on Tropical Cyclone Ac4vity. J. Climate, 23, Cao, B., J. S. Haase, and W. Zhang, 2017: Deployment of GPS radio occulta4on instruments in the upcoming Strateole-2 equatorial superpressure balloon campaign to inves4gate tropical waves and their effects on circula4on, Poster # (XX?), COSMIC-IROWG 2017 Workshop, Estes Park, September Holt, L., M. J. Alexander, L. Coy, A. Molod, W. P. Putman, and S. Pawson, 2016: Tropical Waves and the Quasi- Biennial Oscilla4on in a 7-km Global Climate Simula4on. J. Atmos. Sci., 73, , doi: /JAS- D Jensen, E.J., R. Ueyama, L. Pfister, T.P. Bui, M.J. Alexander, A. Podglajen, A. Hertzog, S. Woods, R.P. Lawson, J.-E. Kim, M.R. Schoeberl, 2016: High-frequency gravity waves and homogeneous freezing ice nuclea4on in cold cirrus clouds, Geophys. Res. Lev., 43, , DOI: /2016GL Kiladis, G. N., M. C. Wheeler, P. T. Haertel, K. H. Straub, and P. E. Roundy (2009), Convec4vely coupled equatorial waves, Rev. Geophys., 47, RG2003, doi: /2008rg Kim, J.-E. and M. J. Alexander, 2013: Tropical precipita4on variability and convec4vely coupled equatorial waves on submonthly 4me-scales in reanalyses and TRMM, J. Climate, 26 (no. 10), Kim, J.-E. and M. J. Alexander, 2015: Direct impacts of waves on tropical cold point tropopause temperature. Geophys. Res. Lev., 42, , doi: /2014GL

Kelvin waves as observed by Radiosondes and GPS measurements and their effects on the tropopause structure: Long-term variations

Kelvin waves as observed by Radiosondes and GPS measurements and their effects on the tropopause structure: Long-term variations Kelvin waves as observed by Radiosondes and GPS measurements and their effects on the tropopause structure: Long-term variations M. Venkat Ratnam and T. Tsuda Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere

More information

Global observations of stratospheric gravity. comparisons with an atmospheric general circulation model

Global observations of stratospheric gravity. comparisons with an atmospheric general circulation model Global observations of stratospheric gravity waves made with COSMIC GPS RO and comparisons with an atmospheric general circulation model S. P. Alexander 1, T. Tsuda 2, Y. Kawatani 3, M. Takahashi 4, K.

More information

Gravity Wave and Kelvin Wave Activity in the Tropical Lower Stratosphere. Thomas Birner

Gravity Wave and Kelvin Wave Activity in the Tropical Lower Stratosphere. Thomas Birner Gravity Wave and Kelvin Wave Activity in the Tropical Lower Stratosphere Thomas Birner with contributions by: Anne (Sasha) Glanville, Jeremiah Sjoberg, Richard Johnson Department of Atmospheric Science,

More information

The MJO-Kelvin wave transition

The MJO-Kelvin wave transition GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 39,, doi:10.1029/2012gl053380, 2012 The MJO-Kelvin wave transition A. H. Sobel 1,2,3 and D. Kim 3 Received 30 July 2012; revised 18 September 2012; accepted 19 September

More information

Tropical temperature variance and wave-mean flow interactions derived from GPS radio occultation data

Tropical temperature variance and wave-mean flow interactions derived from GPS radio occultation data Tropical temperature variance and wave-mean flow interactions derived from GPS radio occultation data Bill Randel 1, Mijeong Park 1, Peter Hitchcock 1 and Joowan Kim 2 1 NCAR, Boulder, CO USA 2 Kongju

More information

UTLS Asian monsoon anticyclone

UTLS Asian monsoon anticyclone UTLS Asian monsoon anticyclone Dynamics and transport in the monsoon anticyclone Chemical variability linked to the monsoon Instability and eddy shedding; PV diagnostics Transport to stratosphere Eruption

More information

using GPS radio occultation data

using GPS radio occultation data Tropopause altitude identification using GPS radio occultation data Huw Lewis, FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC Data Users Workshop, Boulder. 27 October 2009 Outline Tropopause measurements Radio Occultation data Results

More information

Strengthening of the tropopause inversion layer during the 2009 sudden stratospheric warming in the MERRA-2 analysis

Strengthening of the tropopause inversion layer during the 2009 sudden stratospheric warming in the MERRA-2 analysis Strengthening of the tropopause inversion layer during the 009 sudden stratospheric warming in the MERRA- analysis K. Wargan and L. Coy Global Modeling and Assimilation Office Outline We use the MERRA-

More information

It is advisable to refer to the publisher s version if you intend to cite from the work.

It is advisable to refer to the publisher s version if you intend to cite from the work. Constraints on wave drag parameterization schemes for simulating the quasi biennial oscillation. Part II: combined effects of gravity waves and equatorial planetary waves Article Published Version Campbell,

More information

Differences in trends and anomalies of upper-air observations from GPS RO, AMSU, and radiosondes

Differences in trends and anomalies of upper-air observations from GPS RO, AMSU, and radiosondes Differences in trends and anomalies of upper-air observations from GPS RO, AMSU, and radiosondes Florian Ladstädter Hallgeir Wilhelmsen Barbara Angerer Andrea K. Steiner Wegener Center and IGAM/Institute

More information

Global studies of stratospheric gravity wave. Simon Alexander 1, Toshitaka Tsuda 2, Andrew Klekociuk 1, Yoshio Kawatani 3, and Masaaki Takahasi 4

Global studies of stratospheric gravity wave. Simon Alexander 1, Toshitaka Tsuda 2, Andrew Klekociuk 1, Yoshio Kawatani 3, and Masaaki Takahasi 4 Global studies of stratospheric gravity wave activity using COSMIC GPS-RO Simon Alexander 1, Toshitaka Tsuda 2, Andrew Klekociuk 1, Yoshio Kawatani 3, and Masaaki Takahasi 4 1 Australian Antarctic Division,

More information

Transport of halogenated VSLS from the Indian Ocean to the stratosphere through the Asian monsoon circula:on

Transport of halogenated VSLS from the Indian Ocean to the stratosphere through the Asian monsoon circula:on Transport of halogenated VSLS from the Indian Ocean to the stratosphere through the Asian monsoon circula:on Alina Fiehn Helmke Hepach, Elliot Atlas (RSMAS), Birgit Quack, Susann Tegtmeier, Kirs@n Krüger

More information

WP2.5 Coupled error covariances and bias correc7on (1) Xiangbo Feng, Keith Haines, David Mulholland (2)Eric de Boisseson, Pa<rck Laloyaux

WP2.5 Coupled error covariances and bias correc7on (1) Xiangbo Feng, Keith Haines, David Mulholland (2)Eric de Boisseson, Pa<rck Laloyaux WP2.5 Coupled error covariances and bias correc7on (1) Xiangbo Feng, Keith Haines, David Mulholland (2)Eric de Boisseson, Pa

More information

Gravity waves in stable atmospheric boundary layers

Gravity waves in stable atmospheric boundary layers Gravity waves in stable atmospheric boundary layers Carmen J. Nappo CJN Research Meteorology Knoxville, Tennessee 37919, USA Abstract Gravity waves permeate the stable atmospheric planetary boundary layer,

More information

West African Drought (Emphasis on the Sahel)

West African Drought (Emphasis on the Sahel) West African Drought (Emphasis on the Sahel) C. Roberto Mechoso (1), B. Rodriguez-Fonseca (2), Elsa Mohino (2) (1) University of California Los Angeles, USA (2) Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain

More information

Neal Butchart Steven Hardiman and Adam Scaife Met Office Hadley Centre March 2011, Honolulu, USA

Neal Butchart Steven Hardiman and Adam Scaife Met Office Hadley Centre March 2011, Honolulu, USA The response of parameterised gravity wave momentum fluxes in global models to secular changes in climate and ozone and the effects on the general circulation Neal Butchart Steven Hardiman and Adam Scaife

More information

Kelvin wave variability near the equatorial tropopause observed in GPS radio occultation measurements

Kelvin wave variability near the equatorial tropopause observed in GPS radio occultation measurements JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 110,, doi:10.1029/2004jd005006, 2005 Kelvin wave variability near the equatorial tropopause observed in GPS radio occultation measurements William J. Randel and Fei

More information

The slab ocean El Niño

The slab ocean El Niño GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 37,, doi:10.1029/2010gl044888, 2010 The slab ocean El Niño Dietmar Dommenget 1 Received 28 July 2010; revised 2 September 2010; accepted 3 September 2010; published 16

More information

Toward a global view of extratropical UTLS tracer distributions. SPARC GA Sept Michaela I. Hegglin University of Toronto, Canada

Toward a global view of extratropical UTLS tracer distributions. SPARC GA Sept Michaela I. Hegglin University of Toronto, Canada Toward a global view of extratropical UTLS tracer distributions Michaela I. Hegglin University of Toronto, Canada SPARC General Assembly 2004: PERSPECTIVE Knowledge about UTLS tracer distributions was

More information

Global Structure of Brunt Vaisala Frequency as revealed by COSMIC GPS Radio Occultation

Global Structure of Brunt Vaisala Frequency as revealed by COSMIC GPS Radio Occultation ICGPSRO, May 14-16, 2013, Taiwan Session 3A; U3-2B-208-05 14:10-14:25, May 14 Global Structure of Brunt Vaisala Frequency as revealed by COSMIC GPS Radio Occultation Noersomadi National Institute of Aeronautics

More information

Tropical tropopause parameters derived from GPS radio occultation measurements with CHAMP

Tropical tropopause parameters derived from GPS radio occultation measurements with CHAMP JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 109,, doi:10.1029/2004jd004566, 2004 Tropical tropopause parameters derived from GPS radio occultation measurements with CHAMP T. Schmidt, J. Wickert, G. Beyerle,

More information

Intra-seasonal variations in the tropical atmospheric circulation. Climate Prediction Division Yayoi Harada

Intra-seasonal variations in the tropical atmospheric circulation. Climate Prediction Division Yayoi Harada Intra-seasonal variations in the tropical atmospheric circulation Climate Prediction Division Yayoi Harada TCC training seminar on 1st December 2009 Outline The importance of the tropical circulations

More information

The Asian monsoon anticyclone and water vapor transport

The Asian monsoon anticyclone and water vapor transport The Asian monsoon anticyclone and water vapor transport Bill Randel Atmospheric Chemistry Division NCAR Thanks to: Mijeong Park, Louisa Emmons 1 What is the monsoon anticyclone, and why is it interesting?

More information

A robust method for tropopause altitude identification using GPS radio occultation data

A robust method for tropopause altitude identification using GPS radio occultation data GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 36, L12808, doi:10.1029/2009gl039231, 2009 A robust method for tropopause altitude identification using GPS radio occultation data H. W. Lewis 1 Received 18 May 2009;

More information

ATMS 310 Tropical Dynamics

ATMS 310 Tropical Dynamics ATMS 310 Tropical Dynamics Introduction Throughout the semester we have focused on mid-latitude dynamics. This is not to say that the dynamics of other parts of the world, such as the tropics, are any

More information

3. Climatic Variability. El Niño and the Southern Oscillation Madden-Julian Oscillation Equatorial waves

3. Climatic Variability. El Niño and the Southern Oscillation Madden-Julian Oscillation Equatorial waves Georges (1998) 3. Climatic Variability El Niño and the Southern Oscillation Madden-Julian Oscillation Equatorial waves ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS FOR TROPICAL CYCLONES TO FORM AND GROW Ocean surface waters

More information

Hui Wang, Mike Young, and Liming Zhou School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Georgia

Hui Wang, Mike Young, and Liming Zhou School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Georgia Water Cycle between Ocean and Land and Its Influence on Climate Variability over the South American-Atlantic Regions as Determined by SeaWinds Scatterometers Rong Fu Hui Wang, Mike Young, and Liming Zhou

More information

Observing the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere with GPS

Observing the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere with GPS Observing the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere with GPS radio occultation data: Results from CHAMP, GRACE, and COSMIC T. Schmidt, J. Wickert, S. Heise, G. Beyerle, A. Haser GFZ German Research

More information

Influence of enhanced convection over Southeast Asia on blocking ridge and associated surface high over Siberia in winter

Influence of enhanced convection over Southeast Asia on blocking ridge and associated surface high over Siberia in winter 5th Session of the East Asia winter Climate Outlook Forum (EASCOF-5), 8-10 November 2017, Tokyo, Japan Influence of enhanced convection over Southeast Asia on blocking ridge and associated surface high

More information

The Polar Summer Tropopause Inversion Layer

The Polar Summer Tropopause Inversion Layer 2572 J O U R N A L O F T H E A T M O S P H E R I C S C I E N C E S VOLUME 67 The Polar Summer Tropopause Inversion Layer WILLIAM J. RANDEL AND FEI WU National Center for Atmospheric Research,* Boulder,

More information

Observations of the first meteorological rocket of the Meridian Space Weather Monitoring Project

Observations of the first meteorological rocket of the Meridian Space Weather Monitoring Project Article Geophysics July 2011 Vol.56 No.20: 2131 2137 doi: 10.1007/s11434-011-4537-5 SPECIAL TOPICS: Observations of the first meteorological rocket of the Meridian Space Weather Monitoring Project JIANG

More information

Goal: Develop quantitative understanding of ENSO genesis, evolution, and impacts

Goal: Develop quantitative understanding of ENSO genesis, evolution, and impacts The Delayed Oscillator Zebiak and Cane (1987) Model Other Theories Theory of ENSO teleconnections Goal: Develop quantitative understanding of ENSO genesis, evolution, and impacts The delayed oscillator

More information

RECTIFICATION OF THE MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION INTO THE ENSO CYCLE

RECTIFICATION OF THE MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION INTO THE ENSO CYCLE RECTIFICATION OF THE MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION INTO THE ENSO CYCLE By William S. Kessler and Richard Kleeman Journal of Climate Vol.13, 1999 SWAP, May 2009, Split, Croatia Maristella Berta What does give

More information

Gravity Waves in Shear and

Gravity Waves in Shear and Gravity Waves in Shear and Implications for Organized Convection Sam Stechmann (Wisconsin) and Andy Majda (NYU) (paper in J. Atmos. Sci., 29) Workshop on Modelling Monsoon Intraseasonal Variability Busan,

More information

Contribution of French research teams to ADM Cal/Val

Contribution of French research teams to ADM Cal/Val Contribution of French research teams to ADM Cal/Val A. Dabas, Météo-France J.P. Cammas (OSUR), P. Chazette (LSCE), A. Hauchecorne (LATMOS), A. Hertzog (LMD), F. Gibert (LMD), J. Pelon (LATMOS) ESA UNCLASSIFIED

More information

Geophysical Fluid Dynamics of the Earth. Jeffrey B. Weiss University of Colorado, Boulder

Geophysical Fluid Dynamics of the Earth. Jeffrey B. Weiss University of Colorado, Boulder Geophysical Fluid Dynamics of the Earth Jeffrey B. Weiss University of Colorado, Boulder The Earth is a spinning sphere Coriolis force depends on latitude solar flux depends on latitude Michael Ritter,

More information

Lecture 18: El Niño. Atmosphere, Ocean, Climate Dynamics EESS 146B/246B

Lecture 18: El Niño. Atmosphere, Ocean, Climate Dynamics EESS 146B/246B Lecture 18: El Niño Atmosphere, Ocean, Climate Dynamics EESS 146B/246B El Niño Transient equatorial motions: Kelvin and Rossby waves. Positive feedback mechanism associated with air-sea coupling. Atmospheric

More information

Department of Physics, University of Toronto. Thanks: James Anstey, Stephen Beagley, Erich Becker, Michaela Hegglin, Paul Kushner

Department of Physics, University of Toronto. Thanks: James Anstey, Stephen Beagley, Erich Becker, Michaela Hegglin, Paul Kushner Stratospheric Residual Circulation and Tropopause Structure Thomas Birner Theodore G. Shepherd Department of Physics, University of Toronto Thanks: James Anstey, Stephen Beagley, Erich Becker, Michaela

More information

Gravity wave breaking, secondary wave generation, and mixing above deep convection in a three-dimensional cloud model

Gravity wave breaking, secondary wave generation, and mixing above deep convection in a three-dimensional cloud model GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 33,, doi:10.1029/2006gl027988, 2006 Gravity wave breaking, secondary wave generation, and mixing above deep convection in a three-dimensional cloud model Todd P. Lane

More information

Propagation of planetary-scale zonal mean wind anomalies and polar oscillations

Propagation of planetary-scale zonal mean wind anomalies and polar oscillations Article Atmospheric Science July 2012 Vol.57 No.20: 2606 261 doi: 10.1007/s113-012-5168-1 SPECIAL TOPICS: Propagation of planetary-scale zonal mean wind anomalies and polar oscillations QIAN WeiHong *

More information

An ITCZ-like convergence zone over the Indian Ocean in boreal late autumn

An ITCZ-like convergence zone over the Indian Ocean in boreal late autumn Click Here for Full Article GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 34, L10811, doi:10.1029/2006gl028341, 2007 An ITCZ-like convergence zone over the Indian Ocean in boreal late autumn N. Sato, 1 K. Yoneyama,

More information

ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions. Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 8 March 2010

ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions. Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 8 March 2010 ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 8 March 2010 Outline Overview Recent Evolution and Current Conditions Oceanic Niño Index

More information

Non orographic and orographic gravity waves above Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

Non orographic and orographic gravity waves above Antarctica and the Southern Ocean Non orographic and orographic gravity waves above Antarctica and the Southern Ocean Riwal Plougonven Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, IPSL Ecole Normale Supérieure Work involving: Albert Hertzog,

More information

Meteorology I Pre test for the Second Examination

Meteorology I Pre test for the Second Examination Meteorology I Pre test for the Second Examination MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A primary reason why land areas warm up more rapidly than water areas is that a) on land, all solar energy is absorbed in a shallow

More information

ASAP Satellite-based tropopause fold and mountain wave detection and validation

ASAP Satellite-based tropopause fold and mountain wave detection and validation ASAP Satellite-based tropopause fold and mountain wave detection and validation Tony Wimmers, Kristopher M. Bedka, Wayne Feltz, Nathan Uhlenbrock Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies

More information

THE QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION S INFLUENCE ON LIGHTNING PRODUCTION AND DEEP CONVECTION IN THE TROPICS. A Thesis CELINA ANNE HERNANDEZ

THE QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION S INFLUENCE ON LIGHTNING PRODUCTION AND DEEP CONVECTION IN THE TROPICS. A Thesis CELINA ANNE HERNANDEZ THE QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION S INFLUENCE ON LIGHTNING PRODUCTION AND DEEP CONVECTION IN THE TROPICS A Thesis by CELINA ANNE HERNANDEZ Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University

More information

Mesoscale Atmospheric Systems. Upper-level fronts. 13 and 20 March 2018 Heini Wernli. 13 March 2018 H. Wernli 1

Mesoscale Atmospheric Systems. Upper-level fronts. 13 and 20 March 2018 Heini Wernli. 13 March 2018 H. Wernli 1 Mesoscale Atmospheric Systems Upper-level fronts 13 and 20 March 2018 Heini Wernli 13 March 2018 H. Wernli 1 Upper-level fronts Formation of fronts is favored by presence of quasi-horizontal boundaries:

More information

The Extratropical Tropopause Inversion Layer: Global Observations with GPS Data, and a Radiative Forcing Mechanism

The Extratropical Tropopause Inversion Layer: Global Observations with GPS Data, and a Radiative Forcing Mechanism DECEMBER 2007 R A N D E L E T A L. 4489 The Extratropical Tropopause Inversion Layer: Global Observations with GPS Data, and a Radiative Forcing Mechanism WILLIAM J. RANDEL AND FEI WU National Center for

More information

Department of Physics, University of Toronto. Thanks: Ted Shepherd, James Anstey, Stephen Beagley, Michaela Hegglin

Department of Physics, University of Toronto. Thanks: Ted Shepherd, James Anstey, Stephen Beagley, Michaela Hegglin Tropopause noisrevni Layer Thomas Birner Department of Physics, University of Toronto Thanks: Ted Shepherd, James Anstey, Stephen Beagley, Michaela Hegglin OUTLINE What is the Tropopause Inversion Layer

More information

Quasi-biennial modulation of the Northern Hemisphere tropopause height and temperature

Quasi-biennial modulation of the Northern Hemisphere tropopause height and temperature JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 113,, doi:10.1029/2007jd009765, 2008 Quasi-biennial modulation of the Northern Hemisphere tropopause height and temperature P. Ribera, 1 C. Peña-Ortiz, 1 J. A. Añel,

More information

APPENDIX B NOAA DROUGHT ANALYSIS 29 OCTOBER 2007

APPENDIX B NOAA DROUGHT ANALYSIS 29 OCTOBER 2007 APPENDIX B NOAA DROUGHT ANALYSIS 29 OCTOBER 2007 ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP October 29, 2007 Outline Overview Recent

More information

Water vapour : stratospheric variability - II

Water vapour : stratospheric variability - II Water vapour : stratospheric variability - II Karen H. Rosenlof NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Chemical Sciences Division Boulder, CO 80305 Cargèse International School Water Vapour in the Climate

More information

The impact of surface temperature variability on the climate. change response in the Northern Hemisphere polar vortex,

The impact of surface temperature variability on the climate. change response in the Northern Hemisphere polar vortex, GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 38,, doi:10.1029/2011gl047011, 2011 The impact of surface temperature variability on the climate change response in the Northern Hemisphere polar vortex Barbara Winter

More information

The tropopause inversion layer and its link to the mixing layer

The tropopause inversion layer and its link to the mixing layer The tropopause inversion layer and its link to the mixing layer Anne Kunz 12 P. Konopka 1, R. Müller 1, L. L. Pan 3, C. Schiller 1, F. Rohrer 2 Forschungszentrum Jülich ICG1: Stratosphere 1 / ICG2: Troposphere

More information

All biogeographic are ul9mately influenced by the geographic template

All biogeographic are ul9mately influenced by the geographic template Geography & Climate All species have limits to their distribu9ons To examine species ranges, it helps to understand the physical template and climate This is fundamental to biogeography 1 All biogeographic

More information

Studying cold pole problem in WACCM and comparisons to lidar temperature morphology

Studying cold pole problem in WACCM and comparisons to lidar temperature morphology Studying cold pole problem in WACCM and comparisons to lidar temperature morphology Bo Tan 1, Han-Li Liu 2, Xinzhao Chu 1,3 1. Aerospace Engineering, University of Colorado 2. HAO/NCAR 3. CIRES, University

More information

Intertropical Convergence Zones during the Active Season in Daily Data

Intertropical Convergence Zones during the Active Season in Daily Data JULY 2008 M A G N U S D O T T I R A N D W A N G 2425 Intertropical Convergence Zones during the Active Season in Daily Data GUDRUN MAGNUSDOTTIR AND CHIA-CHI WANG Department of Earth System Science, University

More information

Lecture 33. Indian Ocean Dipole: part 2

Lecture 33. Indian Ocean Dipole: part 2 Lecture 33 Indian Ocean Dipole: part 2 Understanding the processes I continue the discussion of the present understanding of the processes involved in the evolution of the mean monthly SST, and convection

More information

Chapter 4. Convec.on Adiaba.c lapse rate

Chapter 4. Convec.on Adiaba.c lapse rate Chapter 4 Convec.on Adiaba.c lapse rate 1.Outline: a. air parcel theory, adiabatic processes b. how do we define/determine atmospheric stability? 2.Readings: Chapter 4 VERTICAL STRUCTURE T STRATIFICATION

More information

The Effects of Gap Wind Induced Vorticity, the ITCZ, and Monsoon Trough on Tropical Cyclogenesis

The Effects of Gap Wind Induced Vorticity, the ITCZ, and Monsoon Trough on Tropical Cyclogenesis The Effects of Gap Wind Induced Vorticity, the ITCZ, and Monsoon Trough on Tropical Cyclogenesis Heather M. Holbach and Mark A. Bourassa Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies Department of Earth,

More information

Airborne measurements of gravity wave breaking at the tropopause

Airborne measurements of gravity wave breaking at the tropopause GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 30, NO. 20, 2070, doi:10.1029/2003gl018207, 2003 Airborne measurements of gravity wave breaking at the tropopause James A. Whiteway, 1,6 Edward G. Pavelin, 2 Reinhold

More information

Abrupt marine boundary layer changes revealed by airborne in situ and lidar measurements

Abrupt marine boundary layer changes revealed by airborne in situ and lidar measurements Abrupt marine boundary layer changes revealed by airborne in situ and lidar measurements David A. Rahn 1, Thomas R. Parish 2, and David Leon 2 1 Univeristy of Kansas 2 Univeristy of Wyoming Precision Atmospheric

More information

Airborne Coherent Wind Lidar measurements of vertical and horizontal wind speeds for the investigation of gravity waves

Airborne Coherent Wind Lidar measurements of vertical and horizontal wind speeds for the investigation of gravity waves Airborne Coherent Wind Lidar measurements of vertical and horizontal wind speeds for the investigation of gravity waves 18 th Coherent Laser Radar Conference, Boulder, CO, USA 27 June to 1 July 2016 Benjamin

More information

Chaim Garfinkel, Dennis Hartmann University of Washington, Department of Atmospheric Science. WACCM working group June 19, 2008

Chaim Garfinkel, Dennis Hartmann University of Washington, Department of Atmospheric Science. WACCM working group June 19, 2008 The Different ENSO Teleconnections and Their Effects on the Stratospheric Polar Vortex Chaim Garfinkel, Dennis Hartmann University of Washington, Department of Atmospheric Science WACCM working group June

More information

Exploring relationships between regional climate and Atlantic Hurricanes Mark R. Jury

Exploring relationships between regional climate and Atlantic Hurricanes Mark R. Jury Exploring relationships between regional climate and Atlantic Hurricanes Mark R. Jury Physics Department University of Puerto Rico - Mayagüez Mayaguez, PR, 00681 Data employed: hurricane index: 1850-2004

More information

Atmospheric & Ocean Circulation-

Atmospheric & Ocean Circulation- Atmospheric & Ocean Circulation- Overview: Atmosphere & Climate Atmospheric layers Heating at different latitudes Atmospheric convection cells (Hadley, Ferrel, Polar) Coriolis Force Generation of winds

More information

Parameterization of the inertial gravity waves and generation of the quasi-biennial oscillation

Parameterization of the inertial gravity waves and generation of the quasi-biennial oscillation JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 117,, doi:10.1029/2011jd016778, 2012 Parameterization of the inertial gravity waves and generation of the quasi-biennial oscillation X.-H. Xue, 1,2 H.-L. Liu, 3 and

More information

The Stratopause Semiannual Oscillation in the Berlin Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere GCM

The Stratopause Semiannual Oscillation in the Berlin Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere GCM 2749 The Stratopause Semiannual Oscillation in the Berlin Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere GCM KATRIN M. MÜLLER, ULRIKE LANGEMATZ, AND STEVEN PAWSON Institut für Meteorologie, Freie Universität Berlin,

More information

Additive effect of two solar forcing mechanisms and influences on. tropical Pacific climate. National Center for Atmospheric Research

Additive effect of two solar forcing mechanisms and influences on. tropical Pacific climate. National Center for Atmospheric Research Additive effect of two solar forcing mechanisms and influences on tropical Pacific climate Gerald A. Meehl Julie Arblaster, Fabrizio Sassi, Katja Matthes, and Harry van Loon National Center for Atmospheric

More information

Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California DUANE E.

Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California DUANE E. APRIL 2014 G U O E T A L. 1371 Modulation of the Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves over South America and the Tropical Atlantic Ocean in Association with the Madden Julian Oscillation YANJUAN GUO AND XIANAN

More information

A Near-Annual Pacific Ocean Basin Mode

A Near-Annual Pacific Ocean Basin Mode 2478 JOURNAL OF CLIMATE A Near-Annual Pacific Ocean Basin Mode IN-SIK KANG AND JONG-SEONG KUG School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea SOON-IL AN International

More information

Impacts of intraseasonal oscillation on the onset and interannual variation of the Indian summer monsoon

Impacts of intraseasonal oscillation on the onset and interannual variation of the Indian summer monsoon Chinese Science Bulletin 2009 SCIENCE IN CHINA PRESS Springer Impacts of intraseasonal oscillation on the onset and interannual variation of the Indian summer monsoon QI YanJun 1,2,3, ZHANG RenHe 2, LI

More information

PROC. ITB Eng. Science Vol. 36 B, No. 2, 2004,

PROC. ITB Eng. Science Vol. 36 B, No. 2, 2004, PROC. ITB Eng. Science Vol. 36 B, No. 2, 2004, 133-139 133 Semiannual Kelvin Waves Propagation along the South Coast of Sumatra-Jawa-Bali and the Lesser Sunda Islands Observed by TOPEX/POSEIDON and ERS-1/2

More information

Introduction. Chapter 1

Introduction. Chapter 1 Chapter 1 1.1. Vertical Structure of the Atmosphere Temperature varies greatly both vertically and horizontally as well as temporally throughout the atmosphere. However, despite horizontal variations,

More information

Atmospheric dynamics and meteorology

Atmospheric dynamics and meteorology Atmospheric dynamics and meteorology B. Legras, http://www.lmd.ens.fr/legras II Potential vorticity, tropopause and baroclinic instability (supposed to be known: notions on the conservation of potential

More information

Tropical Cold Point Tropopause Characteristics Derived from ECMWF Reanalyses and Soundings

Tropical Cold Point Tropopause Characteristics Derived from ECMWF Reanalyses and Soundings 15 APRIL 2001 ZHOU ET AL. 1823 Tropical Cold Point Tropopause Characteristics Derived from ECMWF Reanalyses and Soundings XUELONG ZHOU, MARVIN A. GELLER, AND MINGHUA ZHANG Institute for Terrestrial and

More information

2.4. Applications of Boundary Layer Meteorology

2.4. Applications of Boundary Layer Meteorology 2.4. Applications of Boundary Layer Meteorology 2.4.1. Temporal Evolution & Prediction of the PBL Earlier, we saw the following figure showing the diurnal evolution of PBL. With a typical diurnal cycle,

More information

Variability in the tropical oceans - Monitoring and prediction of El Niño and La Niña -

Variability in the tropical oceans - Monitoring and prediction of El Niño and La Niña - Variability in the tropical oceans - Monitoring and prediction of El Niño and La Niña - Jun ichi HIROSAWA Climate Prediction Division Japan Meteorological Agency SST anomaly in Nov. 1997 1 ( ) Outline

More information

A Global Survey of Static Stability in the Stratosphere and Upper Troposphere

A Global Survey of Static Stability in the Stratosphere and Upper Troposphere 1MAY 2010 G R I S E E T A L. 2275 A Global Survey of Static Stability in the Stratosphere and Upper Troposphere KEVIN M. GRISE, DAVID W. J. THOMPSON, AND THOMAS BIRNER Department of Atmospheric Science,

More information

A new mechanism of oceanatmosphere coupling in midlatitudes

A new mechanism of oceanatmosphere coupling in midlatitudes A new mechanism of oceanatmosphere coupling in midlatitudes Arnaud Czaja & Nicholas Blunt Imperial College, London Grantham Institute for Climate Change 1. Motivation Two key questions By which mechanism(s)

More information

All biogeographic are ul9mately influenced by the geographic template

All biogeographic are ul9mately influenced by the geographic template Geography & Climate All species have limits to their distribu9ons To examine species ranges, it helps to understand the physical template and climate This is fundamental to biogeography 1 All biogeographic

More information

Remote influence of Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation on the South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation variability

Remote influence of Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation on the South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation variability Remote influence of Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation on the South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation variability 2017 US AMOC Science Team Meeting May 24 th, 2017 Presenter: Hosmay Lopez 1,2 Collaborators:

More information

Convective Influence on the Heat Balance of the Tropical Tropopause Layer: A Cloud-Resolving Model Study

Convective Influence on the Heat Balance of the Tropical Tropopause Layer: A Cloud-Resolving Model Study 2919 Convective Influence on the Heat Balance of the Tropical Tropopause Layer: A Cloud-Resolving Model Study ZHIMING KUANG AND CHRISTOPHER S. BRETHERTON Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University

More information

Observational characteristics of double tropopauses

Observational characteristics of double tropopauses Observational characteristics of double tropopauses William J. Randel 1, Dian J. Seidel 2 and Laura L. Pan 1 1 National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder, CO 80307 2 NOAA Air Resources Laboratory

More information

A study of tropical tropopause using MST radar

A study of tropical tropopause using MST radar Annales Geophysicae, 23, 21 2, 05 SRef-ID: 32-057/ag/05-23-21 European Geosciences Union 05 Annales Geophysicae A study of tropical tropopause using MST radar K. Satheesan 1,* and B. V. Krishna Murthy

More information

ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions. Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 4 September 2012

ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions. Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 4 September 2012 ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 4 September 2012 Outline Overview Recent Evolution and Current Conditions Oceanic Niño Index

More information

Introduction to Middle Atmospheric Dynamics

Introduction to Middle Atmospheric Dynamics 310/1749-9 ICTP-COST-CAWSES-INAF-INFN International Advanced School on Space Weather 2-19 May 2006 Introduction to Middle Atmospheric Dynamics Kevin Peardon HAMILTON Professor and Chair Department of Meteorology,

More information

Study of ozone variability at equatorial latitude during severe geomagnetic storm

Study of ozone variability at equatorial latitude during severe geomagnetic storm Bull. Astr. Soc. India (2007) 35, 569 574 Study of ozone variability at equatorial latitude during severe geomagnetic storm Manohar Lal Equatorial Geophysical Research Laboratory, Indian Institute of Geomagnetism,

More information

Assessment Schedule 2016 Earth and Space Science: Demonstrate understanding of processes in the ocean system (91413)

Assessment Schedule 2016 Earth and Space Science: Demonstrate understanding of processes in the ocean system (91413) NCEA Level 3 Earth & Space Science (91413) 2016 page 1 of 6 Assessment Schedule 2016 Earth and Space Science: Demonstrate processes in the ocean system (91413) Evidence Statement Q Evidence with with Excellence

More information

ACAM 2017 Guangzhou 5-9 June 2017 R. Müller and B. Vogel et al.

ACAM 2017 Guangzhou 5-9 June 2017 R. Müller and B. Vogel et al. Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Long-range transport pathways of tropospheric source gases originating in Asia into the northern lower stratosphere during the Asian monsoon season 2012 Bärbel Vogel,

More information

Gravity wave driven descent of the stratopause following major stratospheric sudden warmings

Gravity wave driven descent of the stratopause following major stratospheric sudden warmings Gravity wave driven descent of the stratopause following major stratospheric sudden warmings P. Hitchcock, T. G. Shepherd University of Toronto, Canada Acknowledgements: S. Yoden, G. Manney Introduction:

More information

Lecture 13 El Niño/La Niña Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction. Idealized 3-Cell Model of Wind Patterns on a Rotating Earth. Previous Lecture!

Lecture 13 El Niño/La Niña Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction. Idealized 3-Cell Model of Wind Patterns on a Rotating Earth. Previous Lecture! Lecture 13 El Niño/La Niña Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction Previous Lecture! Global Winds General Circulation of winds at the surface and aloft Polar Jet Stream Subtropical Jet Stream Monsoons 1 2 Radiation

More information

Weather Unit Study Guide

Weather Unit Study Guide Weather Unit Study Guide - 2018 Weather vs Climate What does weather measure? The condition of the earth's atmosphere at a particular time and place. How are climate and weather different? Climate is the

More information

Tropopause-following analysis of water vapour and ΔD for the monsoon systems and the tropics

Tropopause-following analysis of water vapour and ΔD for the monsoon systems and the tropics Tropopause-following analysis of water vapour and ΔD for the monsoon systems and the tropics Gabriele Stiller, Norbert Glatthor, Stefan Lossow, and the MIPAS team at KIT INSTITUTE OF METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATE

More information

Intraseasonal Surface Fluxes in the Tropical Western Pacific and Indian Oceans from NCEP Reanalyses

Intraseasonal Surface Fluxes in the Tropical Western Pacific and Indian Oceans from NCEP Reanalyses 678 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW VOLUME 127 Intraseasonal Surface Fluxes in the Tropical Western Pacific and Indian Oceans from NCEP Reanalyses TOSHIAKI SHINODA, HARRY H. HENDON, AND JOHN GLICK Climate Diagnostics

More information

A Proposed Mechanism for the Asymmetric Duration of El Niño and La Niña

A Proposed Mechanism for the Asymmetric Duration of El Niño and La Niña 3822 J O U R N A L O F C L I M A T E VOLUME 24 A Proposed Mechanism for the Asymmetric Duration of El Niño and La Niña YUKO M. OKUMURA Climate and Global Dynamics Division, National Center for Atmospheric

More information

Gravity Wave Characteristics in the Southern Hemisphere Revealed by a High-Resolution Middle-Atmosphere General Circulation Model

Gravity Wave Characteristics in the Southern Hemisphere Revealed by a High-Resolution Middle-Atmosphere General Circulation Model 1378 J O U R N A L O F T H E A T M O S P H E R I C S C I E N C E S VOLUME 69 Gravity Wave Characteristics in the Southern Hemisphere Revealed by a High-Resolution Middle-Atmosphere General Circulation

More information

The Origin of the Subtropical Anticyclones

The Origin of the Subtropical Anticyclones 1JULY 001 CHEN ET AL. 187 The Origin of the Subtropical Anticyclones PING CHEN, MARTIN P. HOERLING, AND RANDALL M. DOLE NOAA CIRES Climate Diagnostics Center, Boulder, Colorado (Manuscript received 6 April

More information

1 2 http://ds.data.jma.go.jp/tcc/tcc/index.html http://ds.data.jma.go.jp/tcc/tcc/index.html Climate in Japan World Climate Extratropics Tropics Oceanograhpic conditions World Climate Page 2 Extratropics

More information

Stratospheric drain over Indonesia and dehydration within the tropical tropopause layer diagnosed by air parcel trajectories

Stratospheric drain over Indonesia and dehydration within the tropical tropopause layer diagnosed by air parcel trajectories JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 108, NO. D19, 4610, doi:10.1029/2002jd002986, 2003 Stratospheric drain over Indonesia and dehydration within the tropical tropopause layer diagnosed by air parcel

More information