Mix and Flow of Matter 1 Section 1: Fluids are used in technological devices and everyday materials

Transcription

1 Mix and Flow of Matter 1 Section 1: Fluids are used in technological devices and everyday materials 1.1 WHMIS Symbols and Safety Procedures Review your lab equipment and safety handouts (Ensure that you are familiar with the Household Hazard Symbols and WHMIS Symbols in your handouts) Outside of the science lab, where and how to safety rules and labels become important. (Describe at least 2 situations) 1.2 The many uses of fluids Complete the following 4-Square model for the term FLUID 2 Characteristics State(s) of matter that ARE fluids State(s) of matter that are NOT fluids FLUID How are fluids used? (use figure 1.5 for examples)

2 Describe how fluids are used in the following processes: a) Slurry Technology: Mix and Flow of Matter 2 b) Glass and Steel Formation: c) Production of Toothpaste: Useful properties of Fluids: Match the useful property of fluids with its everyday application Buoyant Force Density Viscosity Air Compression 1. Oiling your bike gears 2. Jackhammers 3. Ability for ships to float 4. Testing syrup thickness Complete Assess Your Learning #1-5 Summary Question: Choose an occupation (ie: fireman, astronaut, doctor, pilot, mechanic) and describe the role fluids play in their job.

3 Mix and Flow of Matter 3 Section 2: The properties of mixtures are solutions can be explained by the particle model of matter. Section 2.1: Pure Substances and Mixtures Complete the following graphic organizer to contrast pure substances and mixtures. Made up of: Can it be separated? Examples: Can it be separated? Made up of: PURE SUBSTANCE Matter MIXTURE Mechanical Mixtures: (define and give examples) Solutions (define and give examples) Suspensions & Colloids (define and give examples)

4 Mix and Flow of Matter 4 Copy the chart from page 21 and follow the instructions above it to fill it in. Fluid Pure Substance Solution Soda Pop Hot Chocolate Water Apple Juice Windshield Washer Fluid IMPORTANT LAB INVESTIGATION QUESTION: How can you identify a pure substance and a solution using paper chromatography? Complete the Check and Reflect #2 Summary Question: Within your home and school find examples of the following (try not to use the textbook s examples) a. solid pure substance b. liquid pure substance c. gaseous pure substance d. solution made of gases e. solution made of liquids f. solution made of solids g. solution made of a solid and a liquid h. solution made of a liquid and a gas i. colloid j. suspension

5 2.2 Concentration and Solubility & 2.3 Factors Affecting Solubility Mix and Flow of Matter 5 SOLUTION = SOLUTE + SOLVENT (define) (define) Contrast Concentrated Solutions and Dilute Solutions? Give it a Try (page 24) Which drink is the most saturated? a) 10 g of juice crystals in 50 ml of water b) 15 g of juice crystals in 100 ml of water c) 6 g of juice crystals in 25 ml of water How did you determine your answer? What does it mean if someone where to say: a) This ice tea is unsaturated. b) This sponge is saturated. c) The saturation point for this solution is 150g of crystals per 100ml of water at 15 0 C d) Oil is insoluble in water SOLUBITY: The ability of a solute to dissolve in a solvent IMPORTANT LAB INVESTIGATION QUESTION: What 3 factors affect solubility?

6 What is the universal solvent? What type of solution does it form? Mix and Flow of Matter 6 Copy out the table on the bottom of page 29 Examples of Common Solutions Solute Solvent Solution How does the temperature of a solvent affect the solubility of liquids and solids? How does that relationship differ for gases? Read the thermal pollution section (p. 31) and answer the 2 questions posed there. Complete Check and Reflect #2-5 (p. 28) and Check and Reflect Question #3 (p. 31) Summary Question: If you were having problems dissolving a given amount of solute into a solvent (ie. your ice tea crystals will not all dissolve in your glass of water) what could you do to fix the problem, explain why that would work.

7 2.4 The particle Model of Matter and the Behaviour of Mixtures Mix and Flow of Matter 7 Review from Last Year s Heat and Temperature: Particle Model of Matter Revisited PARTICLE MODEL OF MATTER Use the particle model of matter to explain why a water and alcohol solution decreased in volume when made. Use the particle model of matter to explain why substances dissolve.

8 Mix and Flow of Matter 8 IMPORTANT LAB INVESTIGATION QUESTION: Use the particle model of matter to explain how the following 3 factors affect the rate of dissolving: temperature: size of pieces: stirring: Complete the Check and Reflect #2 and 4 Complete the Section Review: Assess your Learning #1-5

9 Section 3: The properties of gases and liquids can be explained by the particle model of matter. How does the ramp method test viscosity? Mix and Flow of Matter Viscosity and the Effects of Temperature IMPORTANT LAB INVESTIGATION QUESTION: Definition What is it determined by? What is the relationship between temperature and viscosity? Name 2 fluids that would have a HIGH VISCOSITY viscosity Name 2 fluids that would have a LOW VISCOSITY added? What is happening to the particles in a fluid when heat or energy is Complete Check and Reflect #3-5 What will happen to the viscosity of the fluids in figures 3.2 a-d 3.2a: 3.2b: 3.2c: Summary Question: Your parents will allow you to use your learner s license if you can answer the following question about their beloved car Given the choice between SAE 15 and SAE 40 which motor oil would you use in the summer and in the winter, explain your choices (ensure you discuss viscosity and temperature in your answer) 3.2d:

10 Mix and Flow of Matter Density of Fluids & 3.3 Density, Temperature and Buoyancy Definition What does it depend on? Equation DENSITY Density for Fluids: Density for solids: Units A paper clip was placed in two fluids as shown in the diagram below. Complete the following statement comparing the density of the paperclip to fluids A and B. The paper clip is dense than fluid A and dense than Fluid B Fluid A Fluid B Can density change without temperature change? Why or why not? When heat is added to a substance what happens to. a) the particles: b) the space between the particles: c) the volume of the substance: d) the number of particles in the substance: e) the density of the substance:

11 Mix and Flow of Matter 11 Excluding water, what state of matter has the greatest density, which has the lowest? water) What happens to the density of a substance when you add particles to it? (eg. adding salt to Definition What force does it oppose? An object will float when buoyancy An object will sink when What is the importance of the plimsoll line on big cargo ships? How does a hot air balloon work (use the terms temperature, density and buoyancy in your explanation) Complete Check and Reflect #1-5 (p. 46) and Check and Reflect #2 (p. 52) on a separate sheet of paper Summary Question: Water is an exception to the rules of density. When frozen, water is less dense as a solid as compared to a liquid. Explain why this is important in a lake ecosystem.

12 3.4 Compression of Fluids & 3.5 Pressure in Fluids Pascal s Law When is an object under compression? Mix and Flow of Matter 12 IMPORTANT LAB INVESTIGATION QUESTION: Use the particle theory to explain why gases can be more easily compressed than liquids. What does it mean if you were to say that something was incompressible? Definition Pascal s Law Equation PRESSURE Units What is the relationship between water depth and pressure? What is the difference between hydraulic and pneumatic systems? What are 2 advantages of the pneumatic system? Why is it important for pneumatic and hydraulic systems to be completely sealed? Complete Check and Reflect #2 (p. 56) Check and Reflect #1, 2, and 4 (p. 60) on a separate sheet of paper Complete the Assess your Learning #2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 on a separate sheet of paper

13 Section 4: Many Technologies are Based on the Properties of Fluids Mix and Flow of Matter 13 Describe how detergents work Based on Solubility SCUBA (define) What is a pump? Technology (define) Based on Flow Rates and Moving Fluid Designing a working model of a fluid using device How do fish change their buoyancy? Describe why a diver can get the bends How does a pump work? How are pumps used in the removal of oil from oil sands? How do submarines change their buoyancy? What does a pipeline pig do? What are the functions of a valne? Complete Check and Reflect #3 and 4 (p. 65), Check and Reflect # 2 (p. 68) and Assess Your Learning #1-4 and 8 (p. 73)