Jet Edge GyraJet Hand Lance

Transcription

1 International Union of Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program Human Factors Assessment Report Jet Edge GyraJet Hand Lance Report Issued: September 2002

2 International Union of Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program International Environmental Technology and Training Center Human Factors Assessment Report Frank Hanley, General President The OENHP would like to thank the following team members for their participation in this assessment and for the professional expertise they provided: Aaron A. Ondo, MS Mark Schaunaman, Apprenticeship Director, Local Union 487 Research supported by the U.S. Department of Energy s National Energy Technology Laboratory under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT41118 with the Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 1293 Airport Road, Beaver, WV Telephone: (304) , FAX: (304) hazmat@iuoeiettc.org This report was prepared with the support of the U.S. Department of Energy under Award No. DE-FC26-01NT Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the DOE.

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4 Jet Edge GyraJet LP Hand Lance Table of Contents 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION OENHP SAFETY AND HEALTH ASSESSMENT TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION METHODOLOGY METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSMENT OF SAFETY ISSUES METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH ISSUES Noise Sampling RESULTS AND DISCUSSION SAFETY ISSUES Ultra-high Pressure Water Rotating Manifold Projectiles HEALTH ISSUES Noise Ergonomic Stressors BASELINE COMPARISON RECOMMENDATIONS APPENDIX ACRONYM LIST WHAT-IF ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGY SAFETY DATA SHEET.....TSDS 1 i

5 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Operating Engineers National HAZMAT Program (OENHP) technology assessment team conducted an occupational safety and health assessment of the Jet Edge GyraJet LP Hand Lance at Florida International University s demonstration site in Miami, Florida on December 17, The team included an industrial hygienist and an Operating Engineer s master safety and health instructor. Removing coatings from concrete, steel, and other substrates is a common task at many DOE sites. The Jet Edge GyraJet LP hand lance is an ultra-high-pressure water-jetting gun used for surface cleaning, coating removal, and hydro demolition. The design is similar to a spray wand used at self-service car washes. The GyraJet can remove surface coatings and the underlying concrete substrate. Hydro demolition is the process of removing concrete while simultaneously cleaning and exposing but not damaging the reinforcing steel within the concrete. The Jet Edge GyraJet water jetting process produces excessive noise. The noise levels measured were intensified by the concrete floor, walls, and ceiling of the demonstration bay. These measurements were probably representative of those found in actual work environments because the GyraJet is designed to remove coatings on concrete surfaces. The Jet Edge GyraJet is comparable to a baseline technology that uses a grinding wheel or abrasive disks to remove surface coatings. The GyraJet design eliminates the need for wheel or disk changes. The GyraJet can be more productive than other methods, depending on the strength and skill of the operator. The GyraJet might be more effective if mounted on an apparatus eliminating the need for direct operator support and reaction force opposition. The operator must hold the GyraJet in close proximity to the surface, which may generate greater potential for noise and contaminant exposure than the baseline technologies; however, the GyraJet produces far less dust than the baseline technologies. The OENHP assessment team, based on its evaluation, recommends the following: consider installing a shroud at the end of the non-rotating lance barrel to guard the rotating manifold; consider mounting GyraJet on a tripod, or similar device, to decrease ergonomic stressors imposed on the operator and to increase operator productivity; consider labeling all hose connections to help guard against improper hose connections; and consider attaching a label on the GyraJet warning the operator of water jetting hazards. 1

6 2.0 INTRODUCTION 2.1 OENHP Safety and Health Assessment The Operating Engineers National HAZMAT Program (OENHP) technology assessment team conducted an occupational safety and health assessment of the Jet Edge GyraJet LP Hand Lance technology at Florida International University s demonstration site in Miami, Florida on December 17, OENHP personnel consisted of a safety and health professional, Aaron A. Ondo, and an Operating Engineers Master Instructor, Mark Schaunaman. 2.2 Technology Description and Operation The Jet Edge GyraJet LP hand lance is an ultra-high-pressure water-jetting gun used for surface cleaning, coating removal, and hydro demolition. The design is similar to a spray wand used at self-service car washes (see Figure 1). The GyraJet uses a pneumatic drill motor to turn a manifold at the lance tip (see Figure 2). The rotating manifold creates an unconventional spray pattern and increases water jet effectiveness. Two separate pneumatic triggers activate Figure 1: Jet Edge GyraJet LP Hand Lance. manifold rotation and water jetting, neither of which operate independently. Both triggers, one on the pistol grip the other midway on the lance, must be depressed to activate both manifold rotation and water jetting. The dual trigger configuration helps assure proper operator hand placement and serves as a twohand positive-pressure switch. Figure 2: GyraJet Rotating Manifold. 3.0 METHODOLOGY 3.1 Methodology for Assessment of Safety Issues The team completed a What-If Analysis during the evaluation of the Jet Edge GyraJet LP Hand Lance technology. The What-If Analysis is a structured brainstorming method in which the operation or process is reviewed to determine where hazards may occur. It includes recommendations for eliminating or mitigating the hazard. The information from the What-if Analysis was then used to create a Technology Safety Data Sheet (TSDS). This innovative tool, based on the concept of the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), is required by the Department of Energy for all of the technologies funded by the Office of Science and Technology. See Section 6.0 for completed safety analyses. 2

7 3.2 Methodology for Assessment of Health Issues Noise Sampling Noise levels were evaluated using a Quest Technologies Q-300 data-logging noise dosimeter (QC ). The instrument was calibrated before and after use. Noise levels were measured during the GyraJet water jetting process. During the demonstration, two personal measurements were collected. See Section for noise evaluation results. 4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Safety Issues Ultra-high Pressure Water Ultra-high-pressure water jetting at 36,000 to 55,000 pounds per square inch (psi) requires extreme caution. Water pressures at the manifold are highly hazardous. Body contact with the water stream will result in instantaneous cutting and water flow through veins and arteries. More damage to the human body can result from water traveling through veins and arteries, and the affected area may become infected and require amputation. Air and water hoses present a potential struck-by hazard upon rupture or disconnection. Air and high-pressure water hoses need safety straps at all connection fittings to prevent whipping in the event of a hose disconnection. Proper hose selection, assembly, and inspection are required. Lockout/tagout procedures are necessary before any intended contact with or proximity to the manifold Rotating Manifold The rotating manifold at the tip of the GyraJet lance has the potential to cause serious harm due to mechanical rotation. In addition, loose materials in the water jetting area could wind up on the rotating manifold. A shroud should be attached to the end of the non-rotating lance barrel to protect the operator from the rotating manifold and reduce the likelihood of material entanglement Projectiles Pieces of the substrate, concrete chunks, become projectiles when hydro blasting. Concrete pieces rapidly eject and become potential struck-by hazards. The area around the water jetting operation needs barricading and warning signs to prevent personal injury. 3

8 4.2 Health Issues Noise The Jet Edge GyraJet water jetting process produces excessive noise. The noise levels measured were intensified by the concrete floor, walls, and ceiling of the demonstration bay. These measurements were probably representative of those found in actual work environments because the GyraJet is designed to remove coatings on concrete surfaces. The noise level from the GyraJet greatly exceeded the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) action level of 85 dba and the OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit of 90 dba. The GyraJet operator wore earplugs; but dual hearing protection may be required. Additional noise sampling is necessary to assure operators use proper hearing protection. Noise monitoring of the water pump in an outdoor location has shown sound pressure levels may exceed the OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit for an 8-hour work shift if work is performed within 15 feet of the water pump or air compressor. The OSHA Action Level for noise exposure under 29 CFR is 85 dba, averaged over an 8-hour period. From OSHA s Hearing Conservation Amendment of 1983, exceeding this level means the employer must administer a continuing, effective hearing conservation program. A hearing conservation program should be in place due to the overexposures measured. OSHA also requires that workers exposed above 90 dba, as an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA), must be protected preferably through engineering or administrative controls. If neither is feasible, the employer must provide personal protective equipment (PPE), such as earmuffs or earplugs. Noise sampling sheets are available upon request. Noise Sampling Data Jet Edge GyraJet LP Hand Lance () Sample Number Date Sample Type Sampling Period (min) Average Exposure (dba) Dose (%) 8-Hour Projected Dose (%) 1 12/17/01 Personal Operator water jetting ceiling and wall to remove paint and concrete while standing on scaffolding. Total water jetting time was approximately 12 to 15 minutes. Water jetting at 36, gallons per minute (gpm). 2 12/17/01 Personal Operator water jetting ceiling and wall to remove paint and concrete while standing on scaffolding. Total water jetting time was approximately 12 to 15 minutes. Water jetting at 55, gpm. 4

9 4.2.2 Ergonomic Stressors The operator must hold the GyraJet in a static position when water jetting. The GyraJet weighs 15.5 pounds. Reaction forces in the opposite direction of the water jet can exceed 60 pounds. The reaction force combined with GyraJet weight and static positioning fatigue the operator quickly. Mounting the GyraJet on a tripod would keep the operator from working in a static position. Anchoring the tripod would eliminate the operator s need to counteract the reaction force generated by the water jet. Pulling on hoses will stress the lower back. When hoses are moved, use proper lifting techniques. 4.3 Baseline Comparison The Jet Edge GyraJet is comparable to a baseline technology that uses a grinding wheel or abrasive disks to remove surface coatings or a standard abrasive blaster. The GyraJet design eliminates the need for wheel or disk changes and eliminates the need for abrasive grit. GyraJet can be more productive than other methods, but is dependent upon the strength and skill of the operator. The GyraJet requires a significant amount of effort by the operator to control the lance as opposed to other technologies. GyraJet reaction forces can exceed 60 pounds in the opposite direction of the water jet. The operator during the demonstration was not able to use the water jet continuously for more than five-minute intervals. The GyraJet might be more effective if mounted on an apparatus eliminating the need for direct operator support and reaction force opposition. The operator must hold the GyraJet in close proximity to the surface, which may generate greater potential for noise and contaminant exposure than the baseline technologies; however, the GyraJet produces far less dust than the baseline technologies. 5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Consider installing a shroud at the end of the non-rotating lance barrel to guard the rotating manifold. 2. Consider mounting GyraJet on a tripod, or similar devise, to decrease ergonomic stressors imposed on the operator and to increase operator productivity. 3. Consider labeling all hose connections to help guard against improper hose connection. 4. Consider attaching label on GyraJet to warn operator of water jetting hazards. 5

10 6.0 APPENDIX 6.1 Acronym List CFR dba gpm IUOE MSDS OENHP OSHA PPE psi TSDS TWA Code of Federal Regulations Decibels in A-weighted scale Gallons Per Minute International Union of Operating Engineers Material Safety Data Sheet Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program Occupational Safety and Health Administration Personal protective equipment Pounds Per Square Inch Technology Safety Data Sheet Time-weighted average 6.2 What-if Analysis What-if Analysis Jet Edge GyraJet LP Hand Lance (OENHP # Version-A) What-if Consequence/Hazard Recommendations water jet contacts body part? air or high-pressure water hose connection fails? Water jet cuts or amputates body part Water jet injects water into veins and arteries Hose whips uncontrollably Hose contacts body part and causes injury Use extreme caution when water jetting. Wear proper PPE for water jetting to minimize hazard if contact with water jet occurs. Proper PPE consists of: earplugs and earmuffs depending upon noise levels, face shield, steeltoed boots, hardhat, leather gloves, rain suit, water jetting protective shields, and respirator depending upon presence of airborne contaminants. Use safety lines on all hose connection fittings. Eliminate pressure in hose before approaching. 6

11 What-if Analysis Jet Edge GyraJet LP Hand Lance (OENHP # Version-A) What-if Consequence/Hazard Recommendations pump water pressure exceeds hose pressure rating? high-pressure water hose ruptures? concrete ejected as a projectile? operator looses balance or slips on wet surface when water jetting? Hose ruptures High pressure water exits hose and cuts or amputates body part High pressure water exits hose and cuts or amputates body part Ejected concrete pieces contact person and cause injury Bodily injury due to fall Water jet cuts or amputates body part Water jet injects water into veins and arteries Select hose with greater pressure rating than the water pump produces. Inspect hoses daily and periodically throughout the work shift. Do not use any worn or damaged hose. Select hose with greater pressure rating than the water pump produces. Inspect hoses daily and periodically throughout the work shift. Do not use any worn or damaged hose. Barricade and label water jetting area. Wear proper PPE to protect against injury from concrete projectiles. Assure sufficient work area free of tripping hazards. Assure proper training on use of GyraJet. Attach label on GyraJet warning operator of water jetting hazards. Assure walking and working surfaces do not allow connection and pooling of water. Use boots rated for use in wet locations. Match boot sole material with working surface to assure best grip possible. 7

12 Technology Safety Data Sheet Jet Edge GyraJet LP Hand Lance Section 1: Technology Identity Technology Name(s): Emergency Contact: Jet Edge GyraJet LP Hand Lance Carl Franson (800) Manufacturer s Name and Address: Jet Edge rd Street NE, St. Michael, MN Phone: (763) or (800).Jet.Edge Fax: (763) Information Contact: AK Services, C/O Carl Franson 347 Third Street, Everett, MA Phone (617) or (800) Fax (617) Date Prepared: August, 2002 Date Revised: Not yet revised Section 2: Technology Pictures Figure 2: Jet Edge GyraJet LP Hand Lance. Figure 1: Operation of GyraJet LP Hand Lance. TSDS Page 1 of 7

13 Figure 3: GyraJet Rotating Manifold. Figure 4: Jet Edge Ultra-High-Pressure Water Pump Mounted on a Trailer. Section 3: Technology Description The Jet Edge GyraJet LP hand lance is an ultra-high-pressure water-jetting gun used for surface cleaning, coating removal, and hydro demolition. The design is similar to a spray wand used at selfservice car washes. The GyraJet uses a pneumatic drill motor to turn a manifold at the lance tip. The rotating manifold creates an unconventional spray pattern and increases water jet effectiveness. Two separate pneumatic triggers activate manifold rotation and water jetting, neither of which operate independently. Both triggers, one on the pistol grip the other midway on the lance, must be depressed to activate both manifold rotation and water jetting. The dual trigger configuration helps assure proper operator hand placement and serves as a two-hand positive-pressure switch. Section 4: Safety Hazards Hazard Category: (Adapted from Appendix A to MIL-STD-882D, February 10, 2000, Department of Defense Standard Practice for System Safety.) 4 - Could result in death or permanent total disability 3 - Could result in permanent partial disability or injuries or occupational illness that may result in hospitalization of at least three persons 2 - Could result in injury or occupational illness resulting in one or more lost work days 1 - Could result in injury or illness not resulting in a lost work day N/A - Is not applicable to this technology and poses no appreciable risk A. Buried Utilities, Drums, and Tanks Hazard Rating: N/A TSDS Page 2 of 7

14 B. Chemical (Reactive, Corrosive, Pyrophoric, etc) Hazard Rating: N/A C. Confined Space Hazard Rating: N/A D. Electrical Hazard Rating: N/A E. Explosives Hazard Rating: N/A F. Fire Protection Hazard Rating: N/A G. Gas Cylinders Hazard Rating: N/A H. Ladders/Platforms Hazard Rating: 2 Use three points of contact when descending and ascending ladders. Use a haul rope when moving the water jetting apparatus. When platforms are used, assure sufficient footing area free of tripping hazards. Assure proper tie-off points when working on an elevated working surface. The reaction force of the GyraJet will alter the operator s balance. Operators need training to anticipate this force. Operators need to prevent any water accumulation on walking or working surfaces to prevent slip hazards. I. Lockout/Tagout Hazard Rating: 2 Use lockout/tagout procedures when servicing any of the system components. A keyed switch should control the Ultra-high pressure water pump. All sources of potential energy must be controlled by a lock or keyed switch. Water and air pressure are sources of potential energy with the GyraJet technology. J. Mechanical Hazards Hazard Rating: 3 The rotating manifold at the tip of the GyraJet lance has the potential to cause serious harm due to the high-speed mechanical rotation. In addition, loose materials in the water jetting area could wind up onto the rotating manifold. A shroud should be attached to the end of the non-rotating lance barrel to protect the operator from the rotating manifold and reduce the likelihood of material entanglement. K. Moving Vehicles Hazard Rating: 1 The ultra-high-pressure water pump is trailer mounted. Vehicle movement is possible on a large job site. Use proper mirrors and backup alarm on vehicle. TSDS Page 3 of 7

15 L. Overhead Hazards Hazard Rating 1 Hydro demolition removes concrete for repair or replacement. When hydro demolition occurs on an overhead surface loose sections of concrete will fall. Assure overhead sections of concrete will not fall on operator or support personnel. M. Pressure Hazards Hazard Rating: 3 Ultra-high-pressure water jetting, 36,000 to 55,000 psi, requires extreme caution. Water pressures at the manifold are highly hazardous. Body contact with the water stream will result in instantaneous cutting; however, more damage to the human body will result from water traveling through veins and arteries. If water does travel through veins and arteries, the area may become infected and require amputation. Air and water hoses present a potential struck-by hazard upon rupture or disconnection. Air and high-pressure water hoses need safety lines at all connection fittings to prevent whipping in the event of a hose disconnection. Proper hose selection, assembly, and inspection are required. Lockout/tagout procedures are necessary before any intended contact with or proximity to the manifold. N. Slips/Trips/Falls Hazard Rating: 1 The GyraJet requires water and air hoses that can create tripping hazards. These hoses must be managed to keep the work area free from tripping hazards. Group hoses together and place to the side of high-traffic areas. Operators need to prevent any water accumulation on walking or working surfaces to prevent slip hazards. O. Suspended Loads Hazard Rating: N/A P. Trenching/Excavation Hazard Rating: N/A Section 5: Health Hazards A. Inhalation Hazard Rating: 2 Exhaust fumes from the diesel engine will be present. If the diesel engine is used inside, air monitoring for diesel exhaust should be performed. A fine dry spray mist may occur when water jetting. This mist has the potential to contain any contaminants found on or within the surface undergoing water jetting. Air sampling is recommended. B. Skin Absorption Hazard Rating: 1 Contaminants in the surface coating or the surface material such as lead or radionuclides will be forced away by the water jet. Personnel should wash exposed body parts before eating or drinking. Specific PPE may be required to protect against radionuclides. TSDS Page 4 of 7

16 C. Noise Hazard Rating: 2 Noise monitoring of the water pump in an outdoor location has shown values may exceed the OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit for an 8-hour work shift if work is performed within 15 feet of the ultra-highpressure water pump or air compressor. Operation of the water pump or GyraJet in a confined location where noise is reflected will cause an increase in noise exposure. Personnel in the areas of the air compressor and the high-pressure water pump should wear hearing protection. GyraJet operators must wear hearing protection and possibly dual hearing protection depending upon site conditions. D. Heat Stress/Cold Stress Hazard Rating: 1 Technology does not produce a hazard but ambient conditions need to be considered and monitored. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) requirements for entering work zone will increase the risk of heat stress. E. Ergonomics Hazard Rating: 2 The operator must hold the GyraJet in a static position when water jetting. The GyraJet weighs 15.5 pounds. Reaction forces in the opposite direction of the water jet can exceed 60 pounds. The reaction force combined with GyraJet weight and static positioning fatigue the operator quickly. Mounting the GyraJet on a tripod would eliminate the static positioning operators encounter. Anchoring the tripod would eliminate the operator s need to counteract the reaction force generated by the water jet. Pulling on hoses will stress the lower back, making proper lifting techniques important. F. Ionizing Radiation Hazard Rating: N/A G. Non-ionizing Radiation Hazard Rating: N/A H. Biological Hazards Hazard Rating: N/A I. Other Hazard Rating: 2 Pieces of the substrate, concrete chunks, become projectiles when hydro blasting. Concrete pieces rapidly eject and become a potential struck-by hazard. The area around the water jetting operation needs barricading and labeling to prevent personal injury. Section 6: Phase Analysis A. Construction/Start-up A vehicle is required to position the water pump trailer. Muscular/back injury is possible while moving water and air hoses. Water and air hoses can cause slips/trips/falls. The ultra-high-pressure water system presents pressure hazards. Hoses and the corresponding fitting need labels to assure proper connection. TSDS Page 5 of 7

17 B. Operation The area of GyraJet operation needs barricades and labels. Assure operator training on the GyraJet, PPE, and water jetting. Assure adequate workspace is free of tripping hazards. Operators need to prevent any water accumulation on walking or working surfaces to prevent slip hazards. C. Maintenance (Emergency and Routine) Use lockout/tagout procedures when maintenance is performed on any system component. D. Shutdown (Emergency and Routine) The GyraJet does not create any additional need for shutdown procedures. E. Decontamination/Decommissioning Decontamination of the GyraJet would not require any more than washing off the surface of the lance. Section 7: Worker Protection Measures A. Exposure Monitoring Personnel need periodic monitoring for noise exposure. Assure proper hearing protection is in use, as needed. Air sampling is advised when water jetting a coating or subsurface that contains or has the potential to contain a contaminant. The spray mist near the area of GyraJet operation is dry rather than wet. The intense pressure of the water jet combined with warm ambient conditions, dry the spray mist. It appears the mist is wet at times but at higher pressures, the mist dries rapidly. This mist has the potential to carry contaminants; therefore, personal and area air sampling is advised to assure operator protection. B. Worker Training Personnel require training on ultra-high-pressure water operation techniques. Operators require specific training on the GyraJet operation and the reaction forces generated by the water jet. Additionally, training on proper PPE usage, hearing conservation, and lockout/tagout is recommended. C. Medical Surveillance A general health screening with emphasis on the back and cardiovascular/respiratory system is warranted. Depending on the contaminant present in the surface or substrate, airborne levels, and the need for respiratory protection/ppe, medical surveillance may be required by OSHA standards. A hearing conservation program needs to be in place. In addition, annual audiograms may be warranted depending upon typical daily working conditions. TSDS Page 6 of 7

18 D. Engineering Controls The operator must hold the GyraJet in a static position when water jetting. The GyraJet weighs 15.5 pounds. Reaction forces in the opposite direction of the water jet can exceed 60 pounds. The reaction force combined with GyraJet weight and static positioning fatigue the operator quickly. Mounting the GyraJet on a tripod would eliminate the static positioning operators encounter. Anchoring the tripod would eliminate the operator s need to counteract the reaction force generated by the water jet. A shroud should be attached to the end of the non-rotating lance barrel to protect the operator from the rotating manifold and reduce the likelihood of material entanglement. E. Administrative Controls The design of the GyraJet requires extensive effort on the part of the operator. Rotating operating personnel of the GyraJet will lessen fatigue and improve productivity. Observed operation of the GyraJet was no longer than five-minute intervals due to operator fatigue. F. Personal Protective Equipment PPE required for GyraJet operation consists of earplugs and earmuffs depending upon noise levels, face shield, steel-toed boots, hardhat, leather gloves, rain suit, water jetting protective shields, and respirator depending upon presence of airborne contaminants. Section 8: Emergency Preparedness The GyraJet does not create any additional need for emergency preparedness. Section 9: Comments, Lessons Learned, & Special Considerations None This Technology Safety Data Sheet Was Prepared By: Team Leader: Aaron A. Ondo Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 3775 Morgantown Industrial Park Bldg. 400 (304) FAX (304) Team Member: Mark Schaunaman, Apprenticeship Director South Florida Operating Engineers Apprentice & Training Trust, Local NW 36 th St. Miami, FL Copies of this Technology Safety Data Sheet and others developed by the Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program can be found on the internet at: TSDS Page 7 of 7