EOS ASSESSING THE RISK TO THE PUBLIC FROM DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ASSETS

Transcription

1 ENGINEERING OPERATING STANDARD EOS ASSESSING THE RISK TO THE PUBLIC FROM DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ASSETS Network(s): Summary: EPN, LPN, SPN This standard implements the standard for the ESQC Regulations 2002 and details the procedure for assessing the risk that Distribution present to the public. Author: Lee Speakman Approver: Jeremy Wright Date: 02/11/2017 This document forms part of the Company s Integrated Business System and its requirements are mandatory throughout UK Power Networks. Departure from these requirements may only be taken with the written approval of the Director of Asset Management. If you have any queries about this document please contact the author or owner of the current issue. Applicable To UK Power Networks External Asset Management G81 Website Capital Programme UK Power Networks Services Connections Contractors Health & Safety ICPs/IDNOs Legal Meter Operators Network Operations Procurement Strategy & Regulation Technical Training THIS IS AN UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT, THE READER MUST CONFIRM ITS VALIDITY BEFORE USE

2 Revision Record Version 13.1 Review Date 02/11/2022 Date 08/10/2018 Author Lee Strachan Why has the document been changed Minor version update What has been changed References to EMP changed to EMS Version 13.0 Review Date 02/11/2022 Date 18/09//2017 Author Lee Speakman Why has the document been changed Periodic Review, updated to add Cable Pit mitigations to document. What has been changed Section 1 - clarification of ESQCR risk assessment requirements Section 2 - references added to link box inspection guide & cable pit inspector s guide Section 3 update to substation risk assessment Section minor update to OHL diagrams Section changed urban locations to low risk for link boxes per SAP/inspectors guide Section all link boxes shall have a blanket installed and recorded in the Asset Register. Removed inspection frequency and referred to EMS Section 6 - added for cable pit risk and mitigations Section 9 - updated diagram Version 12.0 Review Date 04/09/2017 Date 10/07/2015 Author Jeremy Wright Why has the document been changed Update advising action / consideration to be taken where there is refusal to allow access to a site by a customer What has been changed Section 7, text added below flow diagram Version 11.0 Review Date 04/09/2017 Date 20/05/2015 Author Garry Gordon Why has the document been changed Updated to incorporate EBP into the document and link box risk matrix updated What has been changed Content of EBP Correct classification for ESQCR key risk K9 has been incorporated into document as section 4.3. Sections 5.1.2, and have been updated with the current link box risk matrix and reporting guidelines Version 10.0 Review Date 04/09/2017 Date 26/08/2014 Author Jeremy Wright Why has the document been changed Periodic review What has been changed Section updated to include Central London Area. References to Ellipse change to UK Power Networks Asset Register throughout document. Version 9.1 Review Date Date 09/01/2013 Author Lee Strachan Reviewed for publication onto G81 website UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 2 of 36

3 Version 9.0 Review Date Date 01/03/2012 Author Sinéad Hogan ESQCR Risk assessment for LV Link Boxes added Version 8.0 Review Date Date 13/04/2011 Author Craig Jeffrey Ground mounted substation and Overhead Line ESQCR Risk assessment section updated. Document reclassified from an EI to an EOS. Version 7.0 Review Date Date 02/11/2010 Author Martin Payne Reviewed and updated to give greater clarification on how mitigation should be implemented at overhead and ground mounted locations. Version 6.0 Review Date Date 30/05/2007 Author Gemma Hill The treatment of High Risk new ground mounted substation locations clarified Version 5.0 Review Date Date 18/04/2007 Author D Elphick Introduction of revised procedure for ground mounted secondary, primary and grid substation risk assessment. Incorporates common asset register. Version 4.0 Review Date Date 09/11/2004 Author D Elphick Incorporation of rationalised risk assessment form for ground mounted distribution substations, primary and grid substation risk assessment form, review of overhead risk ratings and clarification on criteria for redesign of new build high risk sites. Version 3.0 Review Date Date 20/07/2004 Author Martin Payne Re-assessment of location risks Version 2.0 Review Date Date 05/04/2004 Author D Elphick Revised for the introduction of new equipment Version 1.0 Review Date Date 06/11/2003 Author D Elphick New document UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 3 of 36

4 Contents 1 Introduction Scope Ground Mounted Substations ESQCR Risk Assessment Construction of a Risk Assessment for Ground Mounted Substations Ground Mounted Equipment Type and Enclosure Assessment Ground Mounted Substation Location Risk Assessment Overall Risk Rating for Ground Mounted Substation Sites Management of the Output from the Risk Assessment Recording of Key Risks at Ground Mounted Substation Sites Trespass Use of Micro/Compact/ Pad Mount Substations Risk Mitigation for Ground Mounted Assets Mandatory Level of Mitigation Additional Mitigation Requirements Overhead Lines Construction of a Risk Assessment for Overhead Lines Overhead Line Equipment Risk Assessment Overhead Line Location Risk Assessment Overall Risk Rating for Overhead Lines Recording of Key Risks for an Overhead Line Guidance for the reporting of K9 Key Risk: Risk Mitigation for Overhead Lines Additional Mitigation Requirements LV Underground Link Boxes Construction of a Risk Assessment for LV Underground Link Boxes LV Underground Link Box Location Risk LV Underground Link Box Equipment Risk Risk Rating Matrix Management of the Output from the Overall Risk Rating Key Risks Risk Mitigation for LV Link Boxes Cable Pits Construction of a Risk Assessment for Cable Pits Cable Pit Location Risk Cable Pit Equipment Risk UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 4 of 36

5 6.1.3 Risk Rating Matrix Management of the Output from the Overall Risk Rating Key Risks Risk Mitigation for Cable Pits Risk Assessment for New Assets Ground Mounted Sites Overhead Lines New Installations Existing Network Underground Link Boxes/Cable Pits Return of Completed Risk Assessments Managing Mitigation of Risks Risk Assessment Forms Tables Table 1 - Substation Equipment/Enclosure Risk... 8 Table 2 - Substation Location Risk... 9 Table 3 - Substation ESQCR Risk Assessment Table 4 - Substation Key Risks and Mitigation Table 5 - Non Structural Mitigation Table 6 - Structural Mitigation Table 7 - Substation Land Usage Mitigation Table 8 - Overhead Line Equipment Risks Table 9 - Overhead Line Location Risk Assessment Table 10 - ESQCR Risk Rating Matrix Table 11 - Overhead Lines Key Risks and Mitigation Table 12 - Non Structural Mitigation Table 13 - Structural Mitigation Table 14 - Overhead Lines High Risk Location Mitigation Table 15 - Overhead Lines Medium Risk Location Mitigation Table 16 - Overhead Lines Low Risk Location Mitigation Table 17 - LV Link Box Location Risks Table 18 - Link Box Equipment Risk Table 19 - Link Box Risk Ratings Table 20 Link Box Key Risks Table 21 - Cable Pit Location Risks UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 5 of 36

6 Table 22 - Cable Pit Equipment Risk Table 23 - Cable Pit Risk Ratings Table 24 - Cable Pit Key Risks UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 6 of 36

7 1 Introduction Under the Electricity Safety Quality and Continuity Regulations (ESQCR) 2002, including 2006 amendment (which replaced the Electricity Supply Regulations 1988) risk assessments must be carried out on substation sites and overhead lines to assess the risk of interference, vandalism or unauthorised access to the asset by the public. The ESQCR define a substation as: Any premises or part thereof which contain equipment for either transforming or converting energy to or from high voltage (other than transforming or converting solely for the operation of switching devices or instruments) or for switching, controlling or regulating energy at high voltage, but does not include equipment mounted on a support to any overhead line. The ESQCR define an overhead line as: Any electricity line which is placed above ground and in the open air. Whilst there is no specific requirement in the ESQCR. UK Power Networks will also apply a similar risk rating to underground link boxes and cable pits which are designed for connecting, accessing or switching underground cables. 2 Scope The following gives guidelines on how to apply the risk assessment to substations, overhead line sites, link boxes and cable pits. These guidelines are in accordance with the DTI publication Guidance on the ESQCR. This standard only applies to overhead lines, substations, link boxes and cable pits as defined above. Further guidance can be found in the relevant UK Power Networks inspector s guide. The Substation Inspectors Handbook The Overhead Line Inspectors Handbook Inspection of Link Boxes (EMS ) Cable Pit Inspectors Guide (EMS ) UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 7 of 36

8 3 Ground Mounted Substations ESQCR Risk Assessment 3.1 Construction of a Risk Assessment for Ground Mounted Substations The overall risk assessment value is built from three components: The Equipment type. The security of the Enclosure to the equipment. The Location of the site (Proximity to areas that may affect its likelihood of trespass) Ground Mounted Equipment Type and Enclosure Assessment The equipment type and enclosure are taken together to create a combined equipment/enclosure risk for the site based on a Low, Medium, High or Very High result. The high level output of this can be seen in Table 1. Table 1 - Substation Equipment/Enclosure Risk VERY HIGH RISK HIGH RISK MEDIUM RISK LOW RISK Exposed live conductors Within any surround less than 2.4m high Exposed live conductors Within a palisade / expamet / outdoor brick surround at least 2.4m high Exposed live conductors Situated in an indoor substation / GRP enclosure Metal enclosed switchgear or equipment Situated in indoor substation or GRP enclosure Exposed live conductors Within a chain-link, railing or close-board surround Exposed live conductors No surround Fully enclosed switchgear or equipment No surround Metal enclosed switchgear or equipment Within a palisade / expamet / outdoor brick surround less than 1.8m high Metal enclosed switchgear or equipment Within a chain-link / railing / close-board surround less than 1.8m high Compact/Micro/Pad substations Mount Without additional surround Note: A further disaggregated view of the above can be found in Table 3. Metal enclosed switchgear or equipment Within a palisade / expamet / outdoor brick surround greater than 1.8m high. Metal enclosed switchgear or equipment Within a chain-link / railing / close-board surround greater than 1.8m high Compact/Micro/Pad Mount substations Within additional surround UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 8 of 36

9 3.1.2 Ground Mounted Substation Location Risk Assessment This covers the actual location of the substation and the nature of activities carried out. Table 2 - Substation Location Risk Location Risk Code Title Description HIGH RISK S1 Trespass Sites Sites with signs of trespass S2 Schools School areas including playgrounds S3 Travellers Sites Permanent site for travelling people S4 Children s play areas Both official and unofficial play areas S5 Caravan Caravan and chalet sites S6 Derelict/Unoccupied Areas Derelict industrial site/quarry/land fill/neglected areas S7 Vandalism Areas with evidence of vandalism S8 MEDIUM RISK Public Land Note: This category only applies to Pad Mounted sites Areas of public land where the substation is not visible from roadways or paths S9 Road Side Situated at the side of a road/driveable track LOW RISK SA Rural Rural location SB Private Private land SC Secure Sites Within secure buildings SD Commercial Retail and Commercial premises/industrial area UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 9 of 36

10 3.2 Overall Risk Rating for Ground Mounted Substation Sites Table 3 is to be used for deriving the overall risk and shows mandatory mitigation measures. ESQCR states that for each of their substations, assess the foreseeable risk of danger from interference, vandalism or unauthorised access, having regard to both the nature of the equipment and use of the surrounding land and classify the degree of the risk. UK Power Networks shall assess the nature of the equipment test by considering both the equipment and the security of its enclosure which will result in the equipment / enclosure risk. The use of the surrounding land test will be taken from the substation location risk defined in Section 3.1.2, Table 2. Furthermore, ESQCR Guidance (Publication reference URN 02/1544) states Duty holders should take the two tests into account for each of the assets and establish their risk assessment for substation. The overall risk classification should be determined from the higher of the outcomes of each of the two tests. A single measure of the risk assessment is required. The first column identifies the equipment type risk, either High risk equipment incorporating exposed live conductors, Medium risk equipment which is fully enclosed switchgear or equipment where no live conductors are exposed and Low risk Compact/ Micro/Pad Mount Substations which have been designed for use without an enclosure where no live conductors are exposed. The second column contains the enclosure/surround type and the third column its enclosure security rating from 1 to 5, with 5 providing the least protection and 1 providing the highest level of protection. The fourth column shows the overall Equipment / Enclosure Risk for the selected combination of Equipment and Enclosure. The output matches Table 1. In accordance with paragraph 2 in Section 3.2 the overall substation risk is determined from the higher outcome of the equipment / enclosure risk and the location risk. In UK Power Networks Asset Register numbers will be used to define the relevant risk values. In accordance with Company standard, 1 is optimum condition, in this case Low risk and 5 represents worst case Very High. It should be noted that it is extremely unlikely that any examples of Very High are to be found on the network. UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 10 of 36

11 Table 3 - Substation ESQCR Risk Assessment Equipment Risk Enclosure/Surround Type Enclosure Security Rating Equipment / Enclosure Risk Overall Substation Risk No Surround 5 3. High Risk Exposed Live Conductors Chain Link/Close Board/Railing Surround <1.8m 4 Palisade/Brick/Expamet Surround < 1.8m V.High Chain Link/Close Board/Railing Surround m Palisade/Brick/Expamet Surround mm 3 Chain Link/Close Board/Railing Surround 2.4m Palisade/Brick/Expamet Surround 2.4m 2 High GRP Enclosure 1 Medium Indoor Substation Enclosure V.High 3 and/or 4 High Medium M0 V.High 3 and/or 4 High Medium M0 V.High 3 and/or 4 High,, 0 High, No Surround 5 V.High V.High 3 and/or 4 V.High 3 and/or 4 V.High 3 and/or 4 2. Medium Risk Fully Enclosed Switchgear or Equipment Chain Link/Close Board/Railing Surround <1.8m Palisade/Brick/Expamet Surround < 1.8m Chain Link/Close Board/Railing Surround m Chain Link/Close Board/Railing Surround 2.4m Palisade/Brick/Expamet Surround mm 4 3 Medium Medium M0 Medium M0 High, Palisade/Brick/Expamet Surround 2.4m 2 GRP Enclosure Indoor Substation Enclosure 1 Low Low M0 Medium M0 High - / 1. Low Risk Compact / Micro / Pad Mount Substation No Surround 5 Medium Medium - M0 Medium - M0 High - 4 Chain Link/Close Board/Railing Surround <1.8m Palisade/Brick/Expamet Surround < 1.8m Chain Link/Close Board/Railing Surround m Chain Link/Close Board/Railing Surround 2.4m Palisade/Brick/Expamet Surround mm Palisade/Brick/Expamet Surround 2.4m 2 GRP Enclosure Indoor Substation Enclosure Note, the current UK Power Networks Asset Register does not contain a rating for the Equipment / Enclosure Risk. The Equipment Risk, Enclosure Security Rating and Substation Location Risk are stored and Overall Substation Risk is calculated directly Low Low - M0 Medium - M0 High - / Low Substation Location Risk Medium Substation Location Risk High Substation Location Risk Management of the Output from the Risk Assessment The relevant UK Power Networks Network Operations unit shall be responsible for the monitoring of returned risk assessments to address sites identified as Very High and taking action to address the risk level. A Very High result must be reviewed and action taken as soon as is reasonably practicable to reduce the risk. This may be a temporary mitigation measure, where appropriate. A High result requires a plan of works to mitigate the risk of the site. In addition to the risk assessment, a record shall be made of the key risk identified at the site, which shall be recorded in the UK Power Networks Asset Register. Any additional security measures already installed at the site shall also be recorded in the UK Power Networks Asset Register. This may be used to mitigate the result of the risk assessment depending on the level of risk identified. For substations, risk assessments shall be filled in by all staff that carry out substation inspections. The results will be collected either by using electronic hand held devices or on paper and the results will be entered into the UK Power Networks Asset Register by the Asset Registration Team. UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 11 of 36

12 UK Power Networks Asset Management and the relevant UK Power Networks Network Operations unit shall decide on the plan of works necessary at sites identified as a High or Very High risk overall in order to deal with the identified risks. 3.3 Recording of Key Risks at Ground Mounted Substation Sites An on-site inspection will be carried out to determine whether there are any key risks on site: A key risk is any situation which has the ability to assist in gaining entry to a substation compound, may assist in breaching an anti-climbing device or which, due to its length or size, may enable a breach of the safety clearance to overhead line conductors or open busbars in a substation compound e.g. stack of pallets, wall, vehicle, building, damaged fence, haystack, fishing rods, scaffold poles, metal ladders, metal pipes, farm vehicles, etc. If any key risks represent a danger to the public they shall be reported immediately to UK Power Networks Network Operations who will undertake appropriate corrective action. UK Power Networks Operations shall mitigate the key risk as per Table 4 and the mitigation carried out shall be recorded in the UK Power Networks Asset Register. Table 5, Table 6 and Table 7 give guidance of the types of mitigation to be carried out. Table 4 - Substation Key Risks and Mitigation Code Title Description Mitigation of Risk K1 NONE No additional hazards to the substation M0 K3 CLIMBING AID Any device, tree or vegetation that by its position would enable a person to gain access to the substation. e.g. hedges, ivy, walls, fence, pallet stack, unauthorised private signs, lamp columns, sign posts, vehicles K5 LONG OBJECTS Long objects being stored or used that could infringe within the safety clearance of the substation. e.g. scaffold poles, ladders, boat masts, fishing rods, 2,, 2 K6 MAN MADE STRUCTURES Temporary Buildings/stacks/vehicles that enable a person standing on them to gain access into the site,, 2 or Structural Mitigation K8 VANDALISM/ TRESPASS Destructive vandalism or proof of unauthorised access to secure enclosures e.g. broken fence, broken padlock, litter, graffiti,,, 0, 1 KA OBSCURED SAFETY SIGN Safety Sign obscured. e.g. vegetation, private signs, M8, 2 KB FLY TIPPING Rubbish being dumped on site, 1 KC DRUGS USAGE Drugs being used on, or adjacent to, site, 0, 1 UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 12 of 36

13 3.4 Trespass In the UK Power Networks Asset Register, the functional location Risk and Settings table has a Trespass flag to record if a site has been trespassed. If a substation inspection returns that the site has been trespassed this attribute will be populated Y to record the fact. This attribute will then remain populated for the life of the substation. While carrying out substation inspections: For secondary substations, if there is evidence of trespass then the site shall be subject to four additional inspections at a frequency of 90 days between each. For primary and grid substations if there is evidence of trespass the site shall be subject to the following additional inspection cycle of four inspections. A 15 day frequency for the first two and then 30 days for the next two. If four of these additional inspections consecutively report no further sign of trespass, then the site shall return to its normal inspection regime as defined in the appropriate UK Power Networks Engineering document. If during the additional inspection cycle the site is found to have been trespassed again, the additional inspection cycle shall return to the beginning and start again. A site that has been trespassed shall be considered for additional security measures and/or a re-design of the enclosure to prevent further instances. Every effort shall be made to remove evidence of trespass e.g. graffiti, found on inspection, to avoid confusion at the next inspection and initiating a further inspection cycle. 3.5 Use of Micro/Compact/ Pad Mount Substations The Department of Business Innovation & Skills formerly known as (The Department of Trade and Industry) have provided guidance on the use and placement of micro/compact substations. They are acceptable for use without additional security if, the location is a Low or Medium risk and they are positioned to avoid road accidents. In other than these situations, if it is proposed to use a micro/compact/pad mount substation, then an additional level of security shall be utilised in the form of a GRP enclosure or other approved enclosure. 3.6 Risk Mitigation for Ground Mounted Assets Mitigation of High and Very High risk sites is required not only to satisfy the requirements of the ESQCR but also to protect members of the public from harm. The types of mitigation which can be carried out on substations fall into two categories. These are: Non Structural Mitigation - Mitigation work which does not involve structural changes to the asset, such as those in Table 6, can be regarded as non-structural mitigation and shall be carried out at the time of the inspection or be passed to UK Power Networks Network Operations to carry out. Structural Mitigation - Mitigation work which involves structural changes to the asset (or site), such as those in Table 7, shall be regarded as structural mitigation and shall be passed to UK Power Networks Network Planning in order for a re-design of the asset (or site) to be carried out. Work which is required following a re-design will be passed to UK Power Networks Network Operations or UK Power Networks Capital Programmes to carry out. UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 13 of 36

14 3.6.1 Mandatory Level of Mitigation Depending on the type of enclosure and the nature of the equipment that is being secured, the minimum levels of mitigation which shall be adopted for a substation site are shown in Table Additional Mitigation Requirements For the purposes of this mitigation, it has been assumed that all assets have been built to the relevant standards. Table 5, Table 6 and Table 7 show the types of mitigation that should be considered for a site to mitigate the risks imposed due to the combination of location and key risks. Table 5 will typically be used by Inspectors as mitigation guidance while Table 6 will typically be used by UK Power Networks Network Planning as mitigation guidance. In practice, each location will have to be judged on its own merits with particular attention being paid to the practicability of the various mitigation options. Note: These tables are not exhaustive and are a general guide only, if an Inspector decides that extra mitigation is required to minimise the risk then it shall be carried out. All mitigation work carried out shall be recorded in the UK Power Networks Asset Register. Table 5 - Non Structural Mitigation Non Structural Mitigation No Mitigation Required Enhanced Warning Signage Enhanced Anti-climbing Guard Public Safety Visit Vegetation/Rubbish Clearance Supplementary Inspections High Security Locks Remove Infringement Temporary Repair Remove Graffiti Requires Structural Mitigation Possible Risk Mitigation Mitigation Code M0 M UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 14 of 36

15 Table 6 - Structural Mitigation Possible Risk Mitigation Structural Mitigation Security Surveillance (CCTV, Security Observation, Alarms etc) Upgrade Lighting Install Palisade Fencing/Gate/Visibility Panel Install Perimeter Fencing/Gate/Visibility Panel Install Expamet Fencing/Gate/Visibility Panel Re-design Switchgear Re-design Enclosure Install Crash Barrier Remove/decommission Plant Mitigation Code Table 7 - Substation Land Usage Mitigation Land Usage Codes S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 SA SB SC SD Trespass Sites Schools Travellers Sites Children s Play Areas Caravan Sites Derelict Areas Vandalism Public Land Road Side Rural Areas Private Land Secure Sites Commercial M8 0 1 M8 M8 0 M8 M8 M8 0 1 M UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 15 of 36

16 4 Overhead Lines 4.1 Construction of a Risk Assessment for Overhead Lines The overall risk assessment value is built from two components: 1. The Equipment Risk (Nature and situation of equipment). 2. The Location Risk (Nature and situation of surrounding land). The overall risk classification is determined using the matrix in Table 10. The risk classification is determined from the higher of the outcome of each of the two tests. This covers the nature of the design of equipment, the risk of contact with live equipment if a third party had access to the site or conductors by whatever means. The risk rating for this is stored in the UK Power Networks Asset Register for each equipment type and used to determine the mitigation required on site Overhead Line Equipment Risk Assessment The equipment risk refers to the risk the equipment presents to the public by its characteristics and its particular situation. Inspectors shall establish the equipment risk from Table 8 below: Table 8 - Overhead Line Equipment Risks HIGH RISK MEDIUM RISK LOW RISK 132/33kV Tower with cable terminations 33kV/HV Plant without ACD Service Not up to specification (see handbook) 132/33kV Tower 132/33kV/HV Pole Line Bare 33kV/HV Narrow Based Towers Bare 33kV/HV Plant with ACD HV Free Standing Sub LV Pole line Bare LV Pole Narrow Based Towers Bare Service Insulated 33kV/HV Pole Line Covered HV Pole Line Screened 33kV/HV Narrow Based Towers Covered LV Pole Line Insulated LV Pole Line ABC LV Narrow Based Towers Insulated LV Narrow Based Towers ABC Service Concentric Service Duplex/Triplex Service ABC UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 16 of 36

17 4.1.2 Overhead Line Location Risk Assessment The location risk refers to the nature and situation of the equipment and takes a view of the risk of danger from interference with the equipment, in consideration with the environment. Inspectors shall establish the location risk from Table 9. Table 9 - Overhead Line Location Risk Assessment Code Title Description HIGH RISK Location Risk L1 FISHING AREA Fishing, ponds/lakes and rivers L2 RECREATIONAL Play area/village green/playing fields/clay shoots/pub gardens/tennis courts/scout camps/horse riding/village commons/picnic areas/allotments/war games and wildlife parks/ woodland where there is evidence of children at play L3 SAILING AREA Sailing lake. L4 CAMPING AREA Caravan and camp sites and gypsy camps L5 SCHOOL School grounds and sports fields official L6 L7 DOMESTIC (HV AND BARE LV MAINS) DERELICT LAND UN-SECURED Private gardens/holiday homes/housing estates. Derelict industrial site/quarry/land fill that do not have security company managing access on site L8 TRAVELLERS SITES Permanent site for travelling people LW WATERWAYS Navigable waters. LQ QUARRY Includes sand and gravel extraction/ storage areas MEDIUM RISK LD DOMESTIC (Insulated LV Mains and services) Private gardens/holiday homes/housing estates. L9 FARM YARD Farmyard equipment being used in enclosed area. LC COMMERCIAL Retail and commercial premises/industrial area LL DERELICT LAND SECURED Derelict industrial site/quarry/land fill that have security company managing access on site LF FLYING Airfield/hang gliding/parascending area LS WOODLANDS Location of multiple trees growing adjacent to the line LX ORCHARDS Orchards/hop fields/commercial nurseries and vineyards LG GOLF COURSES Commercially run golf club LOW RISK LP FOOTPATH Footpath/car park LR ROADS Metalled surfaced roads. LZ RAILWAYS Railways, tramways, rope ways etc. LY COMMON LAND/PASTURE Land accessed by members of the public or land that animals are grazed on LA ARABLE Agricultural crops UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 17 of 36

18 4.2 Overall Risk Rating for Overhead Lines In order to arrive at the risk rating of the equipment the Inspector shall: Record the Location Risk as High Medium or Low. Record the Equipment Risk as High Medium or Low. By using the matrix the overall risk rating of the site shall be ascertained. The ESQCR state The overall risk classification should be determined from the higher of the outcomes of each of the two tests. The site shall be inspected to determine whether there are any Key Risks and if these are identified the actions necessary to mitigate the risk are detailed in Table 11. A record of the Location Risk, Equipment Risk and Overall Risk Rating shall be ascertained on site and recorded within the UK Power Networks Asset Register. The type Highest Location Risk shall be recorded with the highest risk rating used to determine the overall risk rating. If multiple high risk sites occur at the same location (i.e. such as a fishing lake adjacent to a play area) then all site risks must be recorded. Table 10 - ESQCR Risk Rating Matrix Overall Risk Rating High Risk Equipment High High Very High Medium Risk Equipment Medium Medium High Low Risk Equipment Low Medium High Low Risk Location Medium Risk Location High Risk Location UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 18 of 36

19 4.3 Recording of Key Risks for an Overhead Line An on-site inspection will be carried out to determine whether there are any key risks on site: A key risk is any situation which has the ability to assist in breaching an Anti-climbing device or which, due to its length or size, may enable a breach of the safety clearance to overhead line conductors e.g. stack of pallets, wall, building, vehicle, haystack, fishing rods, scaffold poles, metal ladders, metal pipes, farm vehicles, etc. If any key risks represent an immediate danger to the public it shall be reported immediately to the relevant UK Power Networks Network Operations unit who will undertake appropriate corrective action. UK Power Networks Network Operations shall mitigate the key risk as shown in Table 11 below. The mitigation carried out shall be recorded in the UK Power Networks Asset Register. Structural mitigation would include carrying out tasks like replacing bare conductors with insulated ones, under-grounding the overhead network, relocating the overhead line or removing it. Table 11 - Overhead Lines Key Risks and Mitigation Code Title Description Mitigation of Risk K1 NONE No additional hazards to overhead line M0 K3 CLIMBING AID Any device or vegetation that by its position would enable a person to gain accesses to a pole or tower e.g. hedges, ivy, walls, fence, pallet stack, unauthorised private signs, 2 K4 KITE/ AEROPLANE FLYING Where there is risk of contact with the overhead line by the flying of kites or aeroplanes.,,, K5 LONG OBJECTS Long objects being stored or used that could infringe within the safety clearance of the line e.g. scaffold poles, ladders, boat masts, fishing rods,,,, 2 K6 MAN MADE STRUCTURES Temporary Buildings/animal shelters/hay stacks that infringe or enable a person standing on them to infringe upon the safety clearance of the line,,,, 2 or 0 K7 AERIALS All types of aerials including TV and amateur radio masts that could infringe upon the safety clearance of the line. K8 VANDALISM Destructive vandalism or proof of unauthorised access to secure enclosures e.g. broken fence, broken padlock, litter, graffiti K9 VEHICLE/ MACHINERY CONTACT Vehicle or machinery that by its location infringes, or by its position allows access to infringe upon the safety clearance of the line (This key risk shall only be recorded if there is evidence of electrical infringement or if there is evidence of frequent movement of vehicles or machinery under the line which could infringe safety clearance).,,, 2,,, 0, 1,,,,,, 2 KA OBSCURED SAFETY SIGN Safety sign obscured e.g. vegetation, private signs M8, 2, 3 UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 19 of 36

20 4.3.1 Guidance for the reporting of K9 Key Risk: When carrying out line patrols it is necessary to determine if there are any Key Risks present. K9 is the Key Risk that covers vehicle/machinery contact and is defined as: Vehicle or machinery that by its location, position or use, allows the safety clearance of the line to be infringed (This Key Risk shall only be recorded if there is evidence of electrical infringement or if there is evidence of frequent movement of vehicles or machinery under the line which could infringe safety clearance). This standard implements the standard for the ESQC Regulations 2002 and details the procedure for assessing the risk that Distribution present to the public. Scenario 1: Vehicle seen operating occasionally under line (e.g. harvesting), safety clearance to overhead line not compromised. Action: Report on line patrol script/form K1 not K9. Scenario 2: Vehicle seen operating occasionally or frequently under line, safety clearance to overhead line compromised. Action: Report on line patrol script/form K9. Report to AIRLine; advise driver on site to stop working. Follow up with GS6 visit. UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 20 of 36

21 Scenario 3: Evidence of a vehicle operating occasionally under line. Action: Report on line patrol script/form K1 not K9 Scenario 4: Vehicle seen operating frequently under line. Action: Report on line patrol script/form K9. UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 21 of 36

22 Scenario 5: Evidence of vehicle(s) operating frequently under line which could compromise safety clearance. Action: Report on line patrol script/form K9. UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 22 of 36

23 4.4 Risk Mitigation for Overhead Lines Mitigation of High and Very High risk sites is required not only to satisfy the requirements of the ESQCR but also to protect members of the public from harm: Non Structural Mitigation - Mitigation work which does not involve structural changes to the asset, such as those in Table 12, can be regarded as non-structural mitigation and will be carried out at the time of the inspection or be passed to UK Power Networks Network Operations to carry out. Structural Mitigation - Mitigation work which involves structural changes to the asset over and above those set out in Table 12 can be regarded as structural mitigation and shall be passed to UK Power Networks Network Planning in order for a re-design of the asset to be carried out, once the asset has been re-designed the work will be passed to UK Power Networks Network Operations or UK Power Networks Capital Programmes to carry out. Mandatory Level of Mitigation For Low and Medium risk locations, all overhead wood pole assets shall have one Danger of Death sign fitted. For High and Very High risk locations, all overhead wood pole assets shall have at two Danger of Death signs fitted. Each shall be on a different side of the pole. For Low and Medium risk locations, all tower lines shall have a minimum of two Danger of Death signs fitted. Each shall be on a different side of the tower. For High and Very High risk locations, all tower lines shall have a minimum of four Danger of Death signs fitted. Each shall be on a different side of the tower Additional Mitigation Requirements For the purposes of this mitigation, it has been assumed that all assets have been built to the relevant standards. Table 14, Table 15 and Table 16 give guidance on the types of mitigation which should be considered for a site in order to mitigate the risks imposed due to the combination of land usage and key risks. Table 12 shall typically be used by Inspectors as mitigation guidance while Table 13 shall typically be used by Network Planning as mitigation guidance. In practice, each location will have to be judged on its own merits with particular attention being paid to the practicability of the various mitigation options. Note: These tables are not exhaustive and are a general guide only. If an Inspector decides that extra mitigation is required to minimise the risk then it shall be carried out. All mitigation work carried out shall be recorded in the UK Power Networks Asset Register. UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 23 of 36

24 Table 12 - Non Structural Mitigation Possible Risk Mitigation Non Structural Mitigation No Mitigation required Enhanced Warning Signage Enhanced Anti-climbing Guard Warning Posters Leaflet/Letter Drop Visit by UK Power Networks Public Safety Team GS6 Information Pack High Visibility Line Marker Vegetation Clearance Supplementary Patrols High Security Locks Security Surveillance Remove Infringement Install High Level Danger Sign Requires Structural Mitigation Mitigation Code M0 M Table 13 - Structural Mitigation Structural Mitigation ABC Conductor Permanent Shrouding Shroud Plant Re-Conductor with BLX (CCC) Underground Re-locate Asset Remove Asset Catenary cable Possible Risk Mitigation Mitigation Code UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 24 of 36

25 Table 14 - Overhead Lines High Risk Location Mitigation LAND USAGE CODE L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 LW LQ High EQUIPMENT RISK Fishing Areas Recreational Sailing Area Camping Area School Domestic (HV and Bare LV mains) Derelict Land (Unsecured) Travellers Site Waterways Quarry 132/33kV Tower with cable terminations 33kV/HV Plant without ACD Service not to specification (see handbook) INSTALL ACD (ANTI-CLIMBING DEVICE) REPLACE SERVICE Medium Low 132/33kV Tower 132/33kV/HV Pole line (Bare) 33kV/HV Narrow based Tower (Bare) 33kV/HV Plant with ACD HV Free standing Substation LV Pole line (Bare) LV Pole/Narrow based Tower (Bare) Service (Insulated) 33kV/HV Pole line (covered) HV Pole line (Screened) 33kV/HV Narrow based Tower (covered) LV Pole line (Insulated) LV Pole line (ABC) LV Narrow based Tower (Insulated) LV Narrow based Tower (ABC) Service (Concentric) M0 M0 Service ( Duplex/Triplex) M0 M0 Service (ABC) M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 25 of 36

26 Table 15 - Overhead Lines Medium Risk Location Mitigation LAND USAGE CODE L9 LC LD LL LF LS LX LG EQUIPMENT RISK Farm Yard Commercial Domestic Insulated (LV) Derelict Land (secured) High Flying Woodlands Orchards Golf Courses 132/33kV Tower with cable terminations 33kV/HV Plant without ACD Service not to specification (see handbook) INSTALL ACD (ANTI-CLIMBING DEVICE) REPLACE SERVICE Medium Low 132/33kV Tower 132/33kV/HV Pole line (Bare) 33kV/HV Narrow based Tower (Bare) 33kV/HV Plant with ACD HV Free standing Substation LV Pole line (Bare) LV Pole/Narrow based Tower (Bare) M0 M0 M0 Service (Insulated) M0 M0 33kV/HV Pole line (covered) HV Pole line (Screened) 33kV/HV Narrow based Tower (covered) LV Pole line (Insulated) M0 LV Pole line (ABC) M0 LV Narrow based Tower (Insulated) M0 LV Narrow based Tower (ABC) M0 Service (Concentric) M0 M0 Service ( Duplex/Triplex) M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 Service (ABC) M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 M0 UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 26 of 36

27 Table 16 - Overhead Lines Low Risk Location Mitigation LAND USAGE CODE LP LR LZ LY LA EQUIPMENT RISK Footpath Roads High Railways Common land/pasture Arable 132/33kV Tower with cable terminations 33kV/HV Plant without ACD Service not to specification (see handbook) M0 M0 M0 M0 INSTALL ACD (ANTI-CLIMBING DEVICE) REPLACE SERVICE 132/33kV Tower M0 M0 M0 M0 132/33kV/HV Pole line (Bare) M0 M0 M0 M0 33kV/HV Narrow based Tower (Bare) M0 M0 M0 M0 Medium 33kV/HV Plant with ACD M0 M0 M0 M0 HV Free standing Substation LV Pole line (Bare) M0 M0 M0 M0 LV Pole/Narrow based Tower (Bare) M0 M0 M0 M0 Service (Insulated) M0 M0 M0 M0 33kV/HV Pole line (covered) M0 M0 M0 M0 HV Pole line (Screened) M0 M0 M0 M0 33kV/HV Narrow based Tower (covered) M0 M0 M0 M0 LV Pole line (Insulated) M0 M0 M0 M0 Low LV Pole line (ABC) M0 M0 M0 M0 LV Narrow based Tower (Insulated) M0 M0 M0 M0 LV Narrow based Tower (ABC) M0 M0 M0 M0 Service (Concentric) M0 M0 M0 M0 Service ( Duplex/Triplex) M0 M0 M0 M0 Service (ABC) M0 M0 M0 M0 UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 27 of 36

28 5 LV Underground Link Boxes 5.1 Construction of a Risk Assessment for LV Underground Link Boxes The overall risk assessment value is built from the Location Risk (Nature and situation of the site) and the Equipment Risk. The overall risk rating is determined using Table 19 in Section This covers the nature of the design of equipment, the risk of contact with live equipment if a third party had access to the site or if the link box was to fail by whatever means. The risk rating for this is stored in the UK Power Networks Asset Register for each link box and used to determine the mitigation required LV Underground Link Box Location Risk The risk refers to the potential risk the link box presents to the public by its location. Inspectors shall establish the risk from Table 17 below. Table 17 - LV Link Box Location Risks Location Risk Code Title Description HIGH RISK UA ENHANCED ZONE City of London and West End UB MEDIUM RISK VERY HIGH PEDESTRIAN AREA Any medium or low risk area which is subject to consistent high pedestrian traffic or gatherings. eg Major rail, tube or bus stations, City or large town centre shopping areas. UC RECREATIONAL Within or adjacent to a play area, pub, cafe, restaurant or public attraction UD TRANSPORT Within 10m of public access to Rail, Underground or DLR station, bus or tram stop or busy car park. UE SCHOOL Outside a school, in an area where children and parents are likely to gather LOW RISK UF URBAN Footpaths or verges in residential or built up areas UG NON-RESIDENTIAL Non-residential footpaths or verges UH SECURE SITE Within a secure location UI RURAL Rural location UJ ROADS Surfaced roads UK PRIVATE Private land UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 28 of 36

29 5.1.2 LV Underground Link Box Equipment Risk The level of risk shall be determined by the type of link box installed, the number of outgoing ways and the age of the link box at the site. Table 18 - Link Box Equipment Risk Equipment Risk Material No. of Ways Age HIGH RISK COMPOUND 4 or more ways 50 years or more COMPOUND 4 or more ways Less than 50 years COMPOUND Less than 4 ways 50 years or more COMPOUND Less than 4 ways Less than 50 years MEDIUM RISK LOW RISK RESIN 4 or more ways Less than 50 years RESIN Less than 4 ways Less than 50 years High Compound(All) Medium Resin(4 way or more) Low Resin(less than 4 way) Risk Rating Matrix The overall link box risk rating shall be determined by combining the location risk with the equipment risk for all sites using the matrix below. Table 19 - Link Box Risk Ratings High Risk Equipment Medium Risk Equipment Low Risk Equipment Overall Risk Rating Medium High Very High Medium Medium High Low Medium Medium Low Risk Location Medium Risk Location High Risk Location UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 29 of 36

30 5.1.4 Management of the Output from the Overall Risk Rating For LV link boxes, risk assessments shall be filled in by all staff that carry out LV link box inspections. The results will be collected at the next scheduled inspection either by using electronic hand held devices or on paper reporting forms and the results will be entered into the UK Power Networks Asset Register. In addition to the risk assessment, a record shall be made if a key risk is identified at the site, which shall also be recorded in the UK Power Networks Asset Register Key Risks An on-site inspection will be carried out to determine whether there are any key risks on site. Table 20 Link Box Key Risks Code Title Description K1 NONE No additional hazards K8 THIRD PARTY DAMAGE Intentional Third Party Damage or proof of unauthorised access to link box enclosures GP GAS PRESENT Evidence of gas present Risk Mitigation for LV Link Boxes All link boxes regardless of overall risk shall be have a blanket installed and recorded in the Asset Register. The overall risk, location risk or deployed mitigations may impact the link box inspection frequency. This shall be confirmed in EMS Inspection and Maintenance Frequency Schedule. UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 30 of 36

31 6 Cable Pits 6.1 Construction of a Risk Assessment for Cable Pits The overall risk assessment value is built from the Location Risk (Nature and situation of the site) and the Equipment Risk. The overall risk rating is determined using Table 23 in Section This covers the nature of the design of equipment, the risk of contact with live equipment if a third party had access to the site or if the Cable Pit was to fail by whatever means. The risk rating for this is stored in the UK Power Networks Asset Register for each cable pit and used to determine the mitigation required Cable Pit Location Risk The risk refers to the potential risk the Cable Pit presents to the public by its location. Inspectors shall establish the risk from Table 21 below. Table 21 - Cable Pit Location Risks Location Risk Code Title Description HIGH RISK UA ENHANCED ZONE City of London and West End UB MEDIUM RISK VERY HIGH PEDESTRIAN AREA Any medium or low risk area which is subject to consistent high pedestrian traffic or gatherings. eg Major rail, tube or bus stations, City or large town centre shopping areas. UC RECREATIONAL Within or adjacent to a play area, pub, cafe, restaurant or public attraction UD TRANSPORT Within 10m of public access to Rail, Underground or DLR station, bus or tram stop or busy car park. UE SCHOOL Outside a school, in an area where children and parents are likely to gather LOW RISK UF URBAN Footpaths or verges in residential or built up areas UG NON-RESIDENTIAL Non-residential footpaths or verges UH SECURE SITE Within a secure location UI RURAL Rural location UJ ROADS Surfaced roads UK PRIVATE Private land UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 31 of 36

32 6.1.2 Cable Pit Equipment Risk The level of risk shall be determined by the number of joints within the cable pit in accordance with Table 22. Table 22 - Cable Pit Equipment Risk Equipment Risk Number of Joints Joint Risk Equipment Risk 3 or more High High 2 Medium Medium 1 Low Low 0 Low Low Risk Rating Matrix The overall Cable Pit risk rating shall be determined by combining the location risk with the equipment risk for all sites. Table 23 - Cable Pit Risk Ratings High Risk Equipment Medium Risk Equipment Low Risk Equipment Overall Risk Rating Medium High Very High Medium Medium High Low Medium Medium Low Risk Location Medium Risk Location High Risk Location UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 32 of 36

33 6.1.4 Management of the Output from the Overall Risk Rating For Cable Pits, risk assessments shall be filled in by all staff that carry out Cable Pit inspections. The results will be collected at the next scheduled inspection either by using electronic hand held devices or on paper reporting forms and the results will be entered into the UK Power Networks Asset Register. In addition to the risk assessment, a record shall be made if a key risk is identified at the site, which shall also be recorded in the UK Power Networks Asset Register Key Risks An on-site inspection will be carried out to determine whether there are any key risks on site. Table 24 - Cable Pit Key Risks Code Title Description K1 NONE No additional hazards K8 THIRD PARTY DAMAGE Intentional Third Party Damage or proof of unauthorised access to cable pit GP GAS PRESENT Evidence of gas present AP ASBESTOS PRESENT Evidence of asbestos present i.e. asbestos wraps around joints Risk Mitigation for Cable Pits Mitigation must be carried out where the overall risk rating is very high, high, medium or a key risk (K8 or GP) is recorded at the site. Where a cable pit is rated very high, high or medium risk, the pit should be infilled with sand, or a vented/non-vented/hinged cover should be installed and recorded in the Asset Register. The overall risk, location risk or deployed mitigations may impact the cable pit inspection frequency. This shall be confirmed in EMS Inspection and Maintenance Frequency Schedule. UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 33 of 36

34 7 Risk Assessment for New Assets 7.1 Ground Mounted Sites At the design stage for new sites, a risk assessment calculation as defined in Section 3 of this document shall be performed. All new installations shall be designed such that the overall risk is less than Very High. Where a High risk location cannot be avoided, the equipment and enclosure risks shall both be designed to be Low risk unless there is significant justification on technical or cost grounds. 7.2 Overhead Lines At the design stage, a risk assessment calculation as defined in Section 4 of this document shall be performed New Installations All new installations should produce a risk assessment that is less than High. Any proposed new installation that initially produces a High or Very High risk assessment shall be redesigned before construction, to ensure that the resultant risk assessment is reduced Existing Network When an existing overhead line network is to be structurally altered, every opportunity, where reasonably practicable, shall be taken to ensure the risk rating of the altered assets is not a High value. A Very High risk situation is unacceptable under any circumstances and shall be redesigned to reduce the risk rating. 7.3 Underground Link Boxes/Cable Pits At the design stage, an ESQCR risk rating calculation as defined in Section 6 shall be performed. Where practically possible, every effort should be made to avoid installing a link box and cable pit in a high risk location. 8 Return of Completed Risk Assessments Risk assessments completed at the design stage shall be retained with the project file until the scheme is confirmed as proceeding at which time it will be forwarded to the relevant UK Power Networks Asset Registration Team to update the UK Power Networks Asset Register. Risk assessments completed as part of routine patrol/inspection shall be returned as part of the process and entered into the UK Power Networks Asset Register by the approved process in force. UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 34 of 36

35 9 Managing Mitigation of Risks The mitigation requirements for a site should preferably be carried out at the time of the inspection but in all cases the proposed mitigation must be carried out as soon as possible to avoid the risk of accident/injury from the risks posed by the site. Work is prioritised within UK Power Networks Network Operations, Planning and Delivery based on ESQCR Risk Rating and Key Risks. A general guide for mitigation management can be found in Figure 1. Figure 1 - General guide for mitigation management UK Power Networks 2018 All rights reserved 35 of 36