Active City Finnish Perspectives. Anna-Katriina Salmikangas

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1 Active City Finnish Perspectives Anna-Katriina Salmikangas

2 Content of the Presentation Children Active transport & Independent mobility Adults Elderly people

3 Children s Active Transport & Independent Mobility Active transport: Walking Biking Independent mobility Able to move without adult supervision

4 Physical Activity & Daily Trips of Finnish Children and Youth (Finnish Transport Agency 2012) About 33 % of daily trips are to & from school About 52 % of trips to leisure activities About 15% to shopping and other errands Only 7-9 % of daily PA happened in parks

5 Mobility Licenses (Hillman et. al. 1990) Parental rules concerning children s mobility possibilities Independently: Go to school and return alone Go to leisure activities Cross main roads Go out after dark Travel on public transportation Ride their bicycle

6 Mobility Licenses by Parents in 1990 & 2011(Kyttä et. al.2013) Go to school and return alone Cross main roads Travel alone by bus Bike along main roads

7 Mobility Licenses of Finnish and Italian Children (Kyttä et. al. 2013) % go to school alone can walk to other places alone can cross big crossroads can bike can be outside when dark can use buses 10 0 Finland Italy

8 Mobility Licenses in Different Countries More independent mobility in Nordic countries (Finland differs clearly from other Nordic countries), Germany, Japan Less in South Africa, Italy Which issues may explain these results?

9 Reasoning Urban structure in general suitable for active transportation (sidewalks) In Finland social fears are not as prevalent as in many other countries Finnish parents are more afraid of traffic than social threats Seasons are not the answer

10 Trend of Mobility Licenses in Finland Decreasing trend of mobility licences In smaller municipalities (public school transportation) Possibility to choose the school More organised free time Single-family housing promotes independent mobility and use of active transport modes. Dense urban residential structure's allowed for independent mobility, not active transportation

11 Consideration for urban planning New areas Links to the existing urban structure Secure public transportation options Neighbourhood schools Dense urban areas Amount of green areas Sidewalks Accessibility of services Parents

12 Examples of the Children s Plans

13 Results of the Planning of the Pupils

14 School yards projects

15 Environment for PA Serves: HEPA Everyday PA Utilitarian PA Neighbourhood PA Competitive & Elite sport

16 Environments for PA Futureimagebank.com

17 Most Popular Environments for PA for years old Finns (Finriski 2007) 26 % home or close to home 24 % outside in constructed environment 36% in nature nearby home or leisure time appartment/cottage 14% in constructed indoor facilities

18 Most Used Environments for PA among Finnish Adult Population (19-64 yrs.) (SLU 2010) Environment % % % Sidewalks Recreational tracks Roads Uncontructed nature Gyms Hall for ball games Swimming hall Yards Constructed outdoor facilities Home Parks Ice halls Lakes and harbours 1 * *

19 20% Increase Walking & Biking by 2020 Improvement (quality) of cycle walks and create good biking networks Proper bike parking Good maintenance of sidewalks Kuva: Kari Hiilo Kuva: Kalle Vaismaa

20 Influencing Factors to Sport/PA Environments International rules in competitive sports Move from sport for all to HEPA Sport actives use constructed sports facilities Children, young people & active competitors in sports have got most benefits from constructed sports facilities Reachability & usability of the environments for PA Aging

21 Factors influencing physical activity in communities Natural environment Modified according to the Dahlgren 1994 Built environment Social environment Individual determinants Physical activity and active living

22 Accessibility For whom? What kind of accessibility?

23 Neighbourhood Sport Facility (

24 Neighbourhood Sport Facility (

25 Examples for Elderly people (varttuneidenlahiliikuntapaikat.fi)

26

27 To consider the needs of the old people is a good starting point to plan environments which are suitable for everyone

28 Main sources: Broberg, A., Salminen, S. & Kyttä, M Physical Environmental Characteristics Promoting Independent and Active Transport to Children s Meaningful Places. Applied Geography 38, Finnish Sports Federation: Hillman, M., Adams, J. & Whitelegg, J One False Move A Study of Children s Independent Mobility. London: Publications ofpolicy Studies Institute. Kyttä, M., Broberg, MS. & Kahila, M Urban Environment and Children s Behavioral Patterns and Meaningful Places. American Journal of Health Promotion 26 (5), Kyttä, M., Jokela, M. & Hirvonen, J Suomalaisilla lapsilla paljon itsenäisen liikkumisen mahdollisuuksia. Liikunta & Tiede 50 (4), 4-11.

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