Comprehensive Transport Planning for Smart Mobility in German Towns. Prof. Dr. Axel Ahrens, Vancouver,

Transcription

1 Smart Mobility in German Towns Prof. Dr. Axel Ahrens, Vancouver,

2 Content 1. Development of strategies and understanding for transport and mobility in Germany 2. Reasons for decreasing and rising car traffic in German towns before and after Present tasks and threats for smart mobility 4. Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning (SUMP) 5. Conclusion: key-features of the SUMP-process Slide 2 of 37

3 Pflasterwahl und Straßenbahn vor dem Rathaus in Bremen (2)

4 decouple traffic growth from economical growth Main challenge Slide 4 of 37

5 More mobility with less traffic!? Trips are caused, when different activities have to take place at different locations. The location has to be changed to conduct the next activity. Activities of people are Living at home Work Shopping Education Recreation Activities of goods are to gain of raw materials Production Processing Storage Consumption Basic service functions Education Work Transportation Living at home Communication Shopping Recreation Slide 5 of 37

6 Did our daily mobility really increase? Mobility of people: Ability of activities away from home though motorised or non motorised trips. 1) Descriptors of daily mobility: 1. Trips per day 3-3,5 trips per day in Germany 2. Required time for daily trips min per day in Germany 3. Trips length in km per day 1991 still 20 km, 2003 already 29 km per day (Mobility in activities, SrV) 1) Transport planning has the task to enable the participation of population and goods in individual activities or exchange of goods. The use of resources and negative effects have to be minimized. To be efficient, we try to improve mobility with the least amount of traffic and transport effort. Slide 6 of 37

7 Modal Split in selected German and Central European towns Gdansk (PL) Prešov (SK) Zilina (SK) Uherske Hradiste (CZ) Pardubice (CZ) Source: TU Dresden/: Survey Mobility in German towns SrV 2008 ( and survey implemented in the course of Central MeetBike (2013) Slide 7 of 37

8 Modal split of trips in Vancouver International standard for measuring walking, Daniel Sauter, Urban Mobility Research, Switzerland on behalf of the Walk21 Measuring Walking team & Werner Brög, Walk21 Hong Kong, 2016 Slide 8 of 37

9 Modal split of all trip-stages in Vancouver International standard for measuring walking, Daniel Sauter, Urban Mobility Research, Switzerland on behalf of the Walk21 Measuring Walking team & Werner Brög, Walk21 Hong Kong, 2016 Slide 9 of 37

10 Person-kilometers by mode in East German towns 25 SrV [km/p,d] * 2008* 2013 Pedestrians Motorized Indivual Transport Public Transport Bicycle Total Since1991: Trips < 100 km * Basis: Slightly revised data based on systematic under-reporting of short trips and activity chaining by foot and car Source: TU Dresden/: Survey Mobility in German towns SrV ( Slide 10 of 37

11 Modal split and trip length Due to re-urbanisation more shorter trips Source: TU Dresden/: Survey Mobility in German towns SrV 2008 ( Slide 11 of 37

12 Car possession main determinant of modal choices Source: TU Dresden/: Survey Mobility in German towns SrV ( Slide 12 of 37

13 Increase of seniors with fewer trips per day Trips per person and day men women age Source: TU Dresden/: Survey Mobility in German towns SrV 2008 ( Slide 13 of 37

14 Car availability by age (driving license and car in household): two different clear trends Germany Large SrV-cities 2008 and 2013 Data basis: Deutsches Mobilitätspanel (MOP) Slide 14 of 37

15 Passenger-kilometers by car over age 2008 and 2013 Large SrV-cities 2008 and 2013 Moving average MIV 2008* Kilometers per person and day MIV 2013 CH, CY, FR Age * Basis: Slightly revised data based on systematic under-reporting of short trips and activity chaining by foot and car Slide 15 of 37

16 Complex tasks require planning Accelerator Goals Next Steps Oil: Shrinking Reserve Affordable mobility Energy turnaround Climate Change CO 2 -free Transport Multi- and Inter-Modality Attractive Public Transport Expensive Infrastructure Accessibility Pedestrians and Bicycles Noise, Air Pollution, Accidents, Lack of Spaces Quality of Life Escape the Growth Trap Source: Mobilität der Zukunft aus Verbrauchersicht, Verbraucherzentrale Bundesverband e.v., page 2

17 German Climate Action Plan Reduction pathway with a final target of 80 to 95percent lower greenhouse gas emissions compared to 1990 by 2050 (Coalition agreement, 18th legislative period) - Use of more efficient technologies and modal shift - Closer integration of the transport and energy sectors : 13 % greenhouse gas emissions by transport : 17 % - Challenges: - How can the necessary electrification of the transport sector succeed? What role can electricity-based fuels (power-togas/hydrogen, power to liquid) play? - How can synergies from the closer integration of the transport and energy sector best be leveraged? - How can public passenger transport be made more attractive, and what additional action on infrastructure is needed? - How can the attractivity of rail freight transport be increased? ( Slide 17 of 37

18 Latest research: RENEWBILITY III Options to decarbonise the transport sector Öko-Institut (Hrsg.)(10/2016): Renewbility III Optionen einer Dekarbonisierung des Verkehrssektors Slide 18 of 37

19 Planning? - Muddling through?! - Fulfilment of demand?! or - Influencing developments according to goals and objectives - On the basis of analysis - Using methods - Using time - Following intentions - Achieving goals - A learning process, gaining experiences and insights - Solving conflicts - Searching for consensus, finding compromises - Weighing pros and cons - Using scientific methods - Preparing and making value oriented political decisions Slide 19 of 37

20 Technical Recommendations: from the General Traffic Plan to the Mobility Master Plan 1. General Traffic Plans (1969) (Merkblatt Generalverkehrsplanung der Gemeinden (MGVP) 1969) 2. Goal oriented planning process (1979) (Rahmenrichtlinien für die Generalverkehrsplanung (Ra Ri GVP) 1979) 3. Integrated Mobility Planning (1985/2001) (Leitfaden für Verkehrsplanungen 1985/2001) 4. Recommendations for Mobility Master Planning (2013) (Hinweise zur Verkehrsentwicklungsplanung 2013) On European level: Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMP) = Stadtmobilitätspläne Slide 20 of 37

21 Mobility Master Planning required for state funding in Germany Recommendations for Mobility Master Planning Source PDF-Download of Recommendations for Mobility Master Planning : Slide 21 of 37

22 Goal oriented integrated planning process LEGEND: decision or acceptance by policy maker exchange effects feed back loop Source: FGSV: Leitfaden für Verkehrsplanung, Köln, 2001 Slide 22 of 37

23 SUMP Process with the same messages Characteristics of SUMP and integrated transport planning: - Continuous process - Cooperation and participation - Clear goals and strategies - Goal oriented control of demand - Use of scenario techniques - Integrated hard and soft measures - Quality management: Evaluation and control of success Source: Rupprecht Consult on Recommendations Slide 23 of 37

24 European Union recommends Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMP) Source: SUMP_Recommendations_web. pdf Slide 24 of 37

25 Basic understanding of sustainable transport 1. Hierarchy of modes in cities Walking Bicycling Public Transport Car Sharing, car pooling Individual use of private cars 2. Hierarchy of strategies Avoid transport Shift transport to sustainable modes Operate necessary car traffic safely and compatible Slide 25 of 37

26 Aspects of integration as a quality indicator Sectoral integration Social integration Vertical integration Participation and cooperation SUMP Horizontal integration Integration of time frames Integration of all options of measures Integration of trip reasons and trip purposes Modal integration Slide 26 of 37

27 Vertical and sectoral integration federation FEDERAL SPATIAL PRINCIPLES planning levels state region STATE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING REGIONAL PLANNING city CITY DEVELOPMENT AND LAND USE PLANNING SECTORAL PLANNING Slide 27 of 37

28 Range of integrated measures of mobility planning Slide 28 of 37

29 TU Dresden, Ultima lima Methodik und Erkenntnisse der Erhebung,Mobilität in Städten - SrV 2008 Folie 29 von 15

30 The new mobility coalition Individualised Public Mobility Coalition Maximize Public Transport trains and buses Public bicycles and pedelecs Public (electric) cars Taxis Alternative services Car sharing Car pooling One accounting system Walking Cycling Minimize Individual private car use Slide 30 of 37

31 Example: Car ownership in existing and planned parts (Dietenbach) of Freiburg/Germany Source: TU Dresden/: Survey Mobility in German towns SrV ( Dresden, October 17, 2014 Sustainable Transport Planning Slide 31 of 71

32 Hierarchy of network planning Minimize arterials with sufficient capacities (channel principle) level of whole city in order to maximize traffic calmed zones level of small district (quarter) Slide 32 of 37

33 Congruent transport networks It is useful, to develop at first the individual networks by mode, but then they should fit together and enable intermodal trip making. 1) Superposition of network designs of different transport modes: ² ) Public transport network Bus Street car Road network Arterials Collectors Side streets Bicycle and walking networks Bicycle paths Pedestrians walks 1) Source: Beckmann, K.J.: Grundlagen der Verkehrsplanung, RWTH Aachen, Vorlesungsmanuskript WS 03/04, Kap. 4 ² ) Source: Strack, Kötter: Straßen- und Wegenetze in: Steierwald,Künne (Hrsg.): Stadtverkehrsplanung, Berlin, 1994, S. 359 Slide 33 of 37

34 Two levels of mobility master planning Continuous professional tasks Information and participation Data, modelling, reporting Process evaluation Evaluation of measures and strategies Strategic-conceptional level (periodical) Goals, objectives Analysis, methods, scenarios strategies, concepts Level of measures and implementation (implementation oriented) Sectoral plans (CAP, NAP, PTP) Transport plans Measures for areas Single measures and projects Information of policy, administration and public Participation of policy, administrations and public Slide 34 of 37

35 SUMP-process Slide 35 of 37

36 Transforming transportation Source: Sperling, D.: Steps into Post-Fossil Mobility A Vision and Policy Plan for Sustainable Transportation. Our Common Future, Conference Session 5, Keynote Lectures Future Technologies II: Mobility, Hannover and Essen, 2-6 November 2010 Slide 36 of 37

37 Thank you for your attention! Questions? Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gerd-Axel Ahrens / or (mobile)