Appendix VII Distribution of Similes. This appendix evaluates the distribution of the similes through the two poems. This includes the following:

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1 Appendix VII Distribution of s This appendix evaluates the distribution of the similes through the two poems. This includes the following: VII-A Distributions within s Table VII-1 (Iliad) and Table VII-2 (Odyssey) show the distributions of similes in blocks of 100 lines starting from the beginning of each of the 24 books of each epic poem. The numbers in this table correspond to the simile index numbers used in the compendia to identify the similes. The similes with index numbers shown in red are short phrases or clauses, and the similes with index numbers in blue with plus signs (+) are scene similes. An asterisk (*) after the index identifies similes not in Lee s. VII-B Locations and s of s Table VII-3 (Iliad) and Table VII-4 (Odyssey) provide data related to the locations and lengths of the similes. This data is used to compile cumulative totals on the similes and to identify clusters of closely-spaced similes and large gaps between similes. VII-C Clusters of Closely-Spaced s Section VII-F provides information about the relatively large number of closely-spaced similes in the Iliad and Odyssey. VII-D Large Gaps Between s Section VII-G provides information about the relatively large number of gaps between similes of greater than 200 lines in the Iliad. * s not listed in Lee

2 Iliad Bk (1) (2) (3) (4) Iliad Bk (1+) (2+, 3+, 4) (5+, 6) (7*+, 8*, 9+) (10+, 11+, 12, 13+, 14+, 15+) (16, 17, 18, 19+) (20, 21) Iliad Bk (1, 2, 3+, 3+, 4, 5, 6+, 7+, 8+) (9+, 10, 11+) (12*, 13) (14, 15*) Iliad Bk (1+) (2+, 3+) (4+, 5, 6+, 7*) (8+, 9+, 10+, 11, 12, 13+) Iliad Bk (1+, 2+) (3+, 4+) (5) (6, 7, 8+) (9+, 10+, 11, 12+) * s not listed in Lee VII-A Distributions Within s Table VII-1: Distribution of s Within Each of Iliad (13+, 14, 15) (16+, 17+) (18+) Iliad Bk (1+) (2) (3*) (4, 5) (6+, 7) Iliad Bk (1+, 2+) (3+, 4+, 5) Iliad Bk (1*+, 2) (3) (4) (5+, 6+) (7+) Iliad Bk (1+, 2+) (3+, 4*) (5+) (6*) (7) Iliad Bk (1+) (2, 3+) (4)

3 (5*+, 6+) (7*, 8, 9+) (10) Iliad Bk (1+, 2+, 3, 4+. 5, 6+) (7+, 8, 9, 10+, 11+) (12, 13, 14+, 15+,16+) (17+, 18+, 19, 20) (21+, 22+, 23, 24+) (25, 26+, 27+, 28) (29) Iliad Bk (1, 2+) (3+, 4+, 5+, 6+) (7*+, 8+, 9, 10+) (11, 12) (13+, 14+, 15+, 16) Iliad Bk (1, 2, 3+) (4+, 5+, 6+, 7+) (8+, 9) (10, 11+, 12+) (13, 14, 15+, 16+) (17, 18, 19+, 20+) (21, 22, 23) (24+, 25, 26+) (27*) Iliad Bk (1+) (2+, 3) (4, 5, 6, 7) (8, 9+, 10) Iliad Bk (1+) (2+, 3) (4+, 5+, 6+) (7+, 8+, 9+, 10+) (11+) (12+, 13+, 14) (15+, 16+, 17+, 18+, 19+, 20+) Iliad Bk (1+, 2+, 3) (4+, 5) (6+, 7+, 8+) (9+, 10+, 11+) (12+, 13+, 14+, 15+) (16+, 17+) (18+, 19+) (20, 21+, 22+, 23+, 24+) Iliad Bk (1+, 2+, 3+, 4+,) (5+, 6, 7+) ( 8+, 9+) (10*, 11+) (12+, 13) (14+, 15, 16+, 17+) (18+, 19+) (20+, 21+, 22+, 23+, 24+) Iliad Bk (1, 2, 3) (4*, 5, 6, 7+) (8+, 9+) (10+) (11, 12, 13) (14+) (15) Iliad Bk (1) (2, 3+, 4, 5, 6+, 7, 8) * s not listed in Lee

4 Iliad Bk (1) (2+, 3) (4, 5+) (6*, 7*) (8+, 9, 10, 11+, 12+) Iliad Bk (1+, 2+, 3) (4, 5*, 6+, 7+, 8+) (9+, 10+) (11+, 12+) (13+, 14+) Iliad Bk (1, 2+, 3+, 4+) (5*, 6+, 7, 8+,9,10,11+,12+,13+) (14+) (15+, 16+) (17+, 18) Iliad Bk (1) (2+) (3) (4*, 5+, 6) (7*+, 8+) (9+) (10+, 11+, 12) (13+) Iliad Bk (1+, 2+) (3+, 4) (5+) (6) (7*+) * s not listed in Lee

5 Odyssey Bk (1, 2) Odyssey Bk (1*) (2*) Odyssey Bk (1*+) (2) Odyssey Bk (1, 2) (3+) (4) (5+) (6) (7+) Table VII-2: Distribution of s Within Each of Odyssey Odyssey Bk (1, 2) (3) Odyssey Bk (1*+, 2*, 3*+, 4*) (5) (6+) Odyssey Bk (1*+) (2+) (3*+, 4*+, 5, 6) (7+,8*+,9+,10+) (11*) Odyssey Bk (1*, 2*, 3) (4+, 5) (6*, 7*) (8+) Odyssey Bk (1, 2+) (3+, 4) (5+, 6+, 7, 8+, 9*) (10+, 11+) Odyssey Bk (1) (2+, 3+, 4+) (5, 6+, 7*) Odyssey Bk (1, 2, 3) (4) (5+, 6+) (7, 8) Odyssey Bk (1*) * s not listed in Lee

6 (2, 3+) (4+, 5, 6, 7*+) Odyssey Bk (1+, 2, 3+) Odyssey Bk (1) (2) (3) (4) Odyssey Bk (1, 2*, 3*+) (4) Odyssey Bk (1+) (2+) Odyssey Bk (1+, 2+) (3*, 4, 5*) (6+) Odyssey Bk (1, 2) (3) (4, 5) Odyssey Bk (1) (2+) (3+, 4, 5, 6) (7) (8+, 9) Odyssey Bk (1+, 2+) (3*) (4*) Odyssey Bk (1+) (2+, 3) Odyssey Bk (1+) (2+, 3+) (4+, 5+) 501 Odyssey Bk (1) (2*, 3, 4+, 5) (6+) Odyssey Bk 24 * s not listed in Lee

7 1-100 (1+) (2) (3) * s not listed in Lee

8 VII-B Locations and s of s Tables VII-3 and VII-4 on the following pages show the locations and lengths of all of the similes listed in the compendia. This information is used subsequently to evaluate the distributions of the similes. These tables include the following: 1. The columns headed by Iliad / Odys., Bk, and in Bk show, respectively, the book number (1 24) of the simile, the simile s index number in the book as shown in the compendia, and the line number of the prothesis in the book consistent with the identification of the similes in other appendices. 2. The column Loc. In shows whether the simile s prothesis occurs in the first two feet of the line (B), the middle two feet (M), or the last two feet (E). Appendix IV has a more complete discussion of this line location. 3. The column shows the length of each simile in metric feet. This length has been determined from the Greek version of each simile given in the compendia. The length has been checked against Lee s for many similes. 4. The column Location (line ) identifies the location of the prothesis. It is the line number of the prothesis adjusted for the location of the prothesis in the line (add 0.3 for simile in the middle (M) two feet and 0.7 for a simile in the last two feet (E)). 5. The column (Bk ln ) identifies the location of the end of the simile. This is determined from the prior column adjusted for the length of the simile (simile length in feet divided by six to convert to the length in lines). 6. The column to Next gives the length in lines from the end of this row s simile to the start of the simile in the next row. It is the difference between for this row and Location in in the next lines. For the spacing between the last simile in a book and the first simile in the next book, an adjustment is made for book length. 7. The column To gives the number of lines from the prothesis of this row s simile to the prothesis of the next row s simile. This spacing is the prior column s spacing plus the simile s length converted from feet to lines. 8. The column identifies whether the simile is a scene simile as assigned in the compendia. A No entry means the simile is a short phrase or clause. 9. The column identifies whether the simile is included in Lee s. Elsewhere in the compendia and appendices, a simile not in Lee s is marked with an asterisk (*). 10. Clusters of closely-spaced similes have been shaded in green or blue and boxed. Green shaded similes are thematically connected. Blue shaded similes are unrelated in subject matter. Gaps of greater than 200 lines between similes are shown by a purple dashed line between the similes rows. See VII-C and -D below for further discussion of the simile clusters and gaps. * s not listed in Lee

9 * s not listed in Lee

10 Iliad Bk * Table VII-3 Iliad: Locations and s of s Loc. In Location (Bk ln ) (Bk ln ) To Next To 1 1 E No Yes 1 2 E No Yes 1 3 M No No 1 4 E No Yes 2 1 B Yes Yes 2 2 M Yes Yes 2 3 B Yes Yes 2 4 M No Yes 2 5 B Yes Yes 2 6 B No Yes 2 7 B Yes No 2 8 M No No 2 9 E Yes Yes 2 10 B Yes Yes 2 11 B Yes Yes 2 12 B No Yes 2 13 B Yes Yes 2 14 B Yes Yes 2 15 B Yes Yes 2 16 E No Yes 2 17 E No Yes 2 18 B No Yes 2 19 M Yes Yes 2 20 M No Yes 2 21 E No Yes 3 1 E No Yes * s not listed in Lee

11 Iliad Bk * Table VII-3 Iliad: Locations and s of s Loc. In Location (Bk ln ) (Bk ln ) To Next To 3 2 B Yes Yes 3 3 B Yes Yes 3 4 E No No 3 5 M No No 3 6 B Yes Yes 3 7 B Yes Yes 3 8 M Yes Yes 3 9 M Yes Yes 3 10 M No Yes 3 11 M Yes Yes 3 12 E No No 3 13 M No Yes 3 14 E No Yes 3 15 B No No 4 1 B Yes Yes 4 2 E Yes Yes 4 3 B Yes Yes 4 4 E Yes Yes 4 5 E No Yes 4 6 B Yes Yes 4 7 E No No 4 8 B Yes Yes 4 9 B Yes Yes 4 10 B Yes Yes 4 11 B No Yes 4 12 E No Yes * s not listed in Lee

12 Iliad Bk * s not listed in Lee * Table VII-3 Iliad: Locations and s of s Loc. In Location (Bk ln ) (Bk ln ) To Next To 4 13 E Yes Yes 5 1 M Yes Yes 5 2 E Yes Yes 5 3 E Yes Yes 5 4 B Yes Yes 5 5 M No Yes 5 6 M No Yes 5 7 B No Yes 5 8 B Yes Yes 5 9 M Yes Yes 5 10 B Yes Yes 5 11 M No Yes 5 12 B Yes Yes 5 13 B Yes Yes 5 14 E No Yes 5 15 M No Yes 5 16 B Yes Yes 5 17 B Yes Yes 5 18 B Yes Yes 6 1 B Yes Yes 6 2 B No Yes 6 3 B No No 6 4 M No Yes 6 5 B No Yes 6 6 B Yes Yes 6 7 M No Yes 7 1 B Yes Yes

13 Iliad Bk * Table VII-3 Iliad: Locations and s of s Loc. In Location (Bk ln ) (Bk ln ) To Next To 7 2 B Yes Yes 7 3 E No Yes 7 4 M Yes Yes 7 5 M No Yes 8 1 M Yes No 8 2 E No Yes 8 3 E No Yes 8 4 M No Yes 8 5 B Yes Yes 8 6 B Yes Yes 8 7 B Yes Yes 9 1 B Yes Yes 9 2 M Yes Yes 9 3 B Yes Yes 9 4 M No No 9 5 M Yes Yes 9 6 E No No 9 7 M No Yes 10 1 B Yes Yes 10 2 B No Yes 10 3 B Yes Yes 10 4 B No Yes 10 5 B Yes No 10 6 B Yes Yes 10 7 B No No 10 8 E No Yes * s not listed in Lee

14 * Table VII-3 Iliad: Locations and s of s Iliad Bk Loc. In Location (Bk ln ) (Bk ln ) To Next To 10 9 B Yes Yes M No Yes 11 1 M Yes Yes 11 2 B Yes Yes 11 3 B No Yes 11 4 B Yes Yes 11 5 E No Yes 11 6 B Yes Yes 11 7 B Yes Yes 11 8 E No Yes 11 9 B No Yes B Yes Yes E Yes Yes M No Yes M No Yes B Yes Yes B Yes Yes E Yes Yes B Yes Yes E Yes Yes M No Yes B No Yes B Yes Yes M Yes Yes E No Yes B Yes Yes * s not listed in Lee

15 * Table VII-3 Iliad: Locations and s of s Iliad Bk Loc. In Location (Bk ln ) (Bk ln ) To Next To E No Yes B Yes Yes B Yes Yes M No Yes E No Yes 12 1 E No Yes 12 2 B Yes Yes 12 3 B Yes Yes 12 4 M Yes Yes 12 5 M Yes Yes 12 6 B Yes Yes 12 7 B Yes No 12 8 B Yes Yes 12 9 B No Yes B Yes Yes E No Yes E No Yes B Yes Yes B Yes Yes B Yes Yes M No Yes 13 1 M No Yes 13 2 M No Yes 13 3 B Yes Yes 13 4 M Yes Yes 13 5 E Yes Yes * s not listed in Lee

16 Iliad Bk * s not listed in Lee * Table VII-3 Iliad: Locations and s of s Loc. In Location (Bk ln ) (Bk ln ) To Next To 13 6 E Yes Yes 13 7 B Yes Yes 13 8 M Yes Yes 13 9 E No Yes E No Yes B Yes Yes B Yes Yes B No Yes E No Yes B Yes Yes B Yes Yes E No Yes M No Yes B Yes Yes B Yes Yes M No Yes M No Yes M No Yes B Yes Yes E No Yes M Yes Yes B No No 14 1 B Yes Yes 14 2 B Yes Yes 14 3 E No Yes 14 4 B No Yes 14 5 M No Yes

17 Iliad Bk * Table VII-3 Iliad: Locations and s of s Loc. In Location (Bk ln ) (Bk ln ) To Next To 14 6 B No No 14 7 B No No 14 8 B No Yes 14 9 B Yes Yes M No Yes 15 1 B Yes Yes 15 2 B Yes Yes 15 3 M No Yes 15 4 E Yes Yes 15 5 B Yes Yes 15 6 B Yes Yes 15 7 B Yes Yes 15 8 M Yes Yes 15 9 B Yes Yes B Yes Yes B Yes Yes M Yes Yes E Yes Yes M No Yes B Yes Yes E Yes Yes B Yes Yes B Yes Yes B Yes Yes B Yes Yes 16 1 M Yes Yes * s not listed in Lee

18 Iliad Bk * Table VII-3 Iliad: Locations and s of s Loc. In Location (Bk ln ) (Bk ln ) To Next To 16 2 E Yes Yes 16 3 B No Yes 16 4 E Yes Yes 16 5 M No Yes 16 6 B Yes Yes 16 7 M Yes Yes 16 8 B Yes Yes 16 9 B Yes Yes B Yes Yes B Yes Yes E Yes Yes B Yes Yes B Yes Yes B Yes Yes E Yes Yes B Yes Yes B Yes Yes E Yes Yes E No Yes B Yes Yes M Yes Yes B Yes Yes B Yes Yes 17 1 M Yes Yes 17 2 M Yes Yes 17 3 B Yes Yes * s not listed in Lee

19 Iliad Bk * Table VII-3 Iliad: Locations and s of s Loc. In Location (Bk ln ) (Bk ln ) To Next To 17 4 B Yes Yes 17 5 M Yes Yes 17 6 E No Yes 17 7 B Yes Yes 17 8 B Yes Yes 17 9 E Yes Yes M No No B Yes Yes B Yes Yes M No Yes B Yes Yes B No Yes B Yes Yes B Yes Yes B Yes Yes M Yes Yes M Yes Yes B Yes Yes B Yes Yes M Yes Yes B Yes Yes 18 1 M No Yes 18 2 E No Yes 18 3 M No Yes 18 4 M No No 18 5 E No Yes * s not listed in Lee

20 * Table VII-3 Iliad: Locations and s of s Iliad Bk Loc. In Location (Bk ln ) (Bk ln ) To Next To 18 6 E No Yes 18 7 B Yes Yes 18 8 B Yes Yes 18 9 B Yes Yes M Yes Yes E No Yes E No Yes M No Yes B Yes Yes B No Yes 19 1 M No Yes 19 2 B No Yes 19 3 B Yes Yes 19 4 B No Yes 19 5 E No Yes 19 6 B Yes Yes 19 7 E No Yes 19 8 B No Yes 20 1 E No Yes 20 2 E Yes Yes 20 3 E No Yes 20 4 E No Yes 20 5 E Yes Yes 20 6 E No No 20 7 B No No 20 8 E Yes Yes * s not listed in Lee

21 Iliad Bk * Table VII-3 Iliad: Locations and s of s Loc. In Location (Bk ln ) (Bk ln ) To Next To 20 9 M No Yes E No Yes B Yes Yes B Yes Yes 21 1 B Yes Yes 21 2 B Yes Yes 21 3 E No Yes 21 4 E No Yes 21 5 M No No 21 6 B Yes Yes 21 7 B Yes Yes 21 8 M Yes Yes 21 9 B Yes Yes B Yes Yes M Yes Yes E Yes Yes B Yes Yes B Yes Yes 22 1 E No Yes 22 2 B Yes Yes 22 3 B Yes Yes 22 4 B Yes Yes 22 5 B No No 22 6 M Yes Yes 22 7 E No Yes 22 8 B Yes Yes * s not listed in Lee

22 * Table VII-3 Iliad: Locations and s of s Iliad Bk Loc. In Location (Bk ln ) (Bk ln ) To Next To 22 9 M No Yes M No Yes B Yes Yes B Yes Yes B Yes Yes B Yes Yes M Yes Yes B Yes Yes M Yes Yes E No Yes 23 1 E No Yes 23 2 B Yes Yes 23 3 M No Yes 23 4 E No No 23 5 B Yes Yes 23 6 E No Yes 23 7 B Yes No 23 8 B Yes Yes 23 9 B Yes Yes B Yes Yes B Yes Yes B No Yes B Yes Yes 24 1 M Yes Yes 24 2 M Yes Yes 24 3 B Yes Yes * s not listed in Lee

23 Iliad Bk * Table VII-3 Iliad: Locations and s of s Loc. In Location (Bk ln ) (Bk ln ) To Next To 24 4 M No Yes 24 5 B Yes Yes 24 6 M No Yes 24 7 B Yes No Bk * Table VII-4 Odyssey Locations and s of s Loc. In Loc. In (line ) (Bk ln ) to Next To 1 1 B No Yes 1 2 B No Yes 2 1 M No No 2 2 M No No 3 1 B Yes No 3 2 E No Yes 4 1 M No Yes 4 2 B No Yes 4 3 B Yes Yes 4 4 M No Yes 4 5 B Yes Yes 4 6 E No Yes 4 7 B Yes Yes 5 1 M No Yes 5 2 E Yes Yes 5 3 B Yes Yes 5 4 B No Yes * s not listed in Lee

24 Bk * Table VII-4 Odyssey Locations and s of s Loc. In Loc. In (line ) (Bk ln ) to Next To 5 5 B Yes Yes 5 6 B Yes Yes 5 7 M No Yes 5 8 B Yes Yes 5 9 M No No 5 10 B Yes Yes 5 11 B Yes Yes 6 1 B No Yes 6 2 B Yes Yes 6 3 B Yes Yes 6 4 M Yes Yes 6 5 E No Yes 6 6 B Yes Yes 6 7 M No No 7 1 M No Yes 7 2 B No Yes 7 3 B No Yes 8 1 B Yes No 8 2 E No No 8 3 E Yes No 8 4 E No No 8 5 B No Yes 8 6 B Yes Yes 9 1 B Yes No 9 2 E Yes Yes 9 3 E Yes No * s not listed in Lee

25 Bk * Table VII-4 Odyssey Locations and s of s Loc. In Loc. In (line ) (Bk ln ) to Next To 9 4 B Yes No 9 5 M No Yes 9 6 B No Yes 9 7 B Yes Yes 9 8 B Yes No 9 9 B Yes Yes 9 10 B Yes Yes 9 11 M No No 10 1 B No No 10 2 M No No 10 3 B No Yes 10 4 B Yes Yes 10 5 B No Yes 10 6 E No No 10 7 E No No 10 8 B Yes Yes 11 1 M No Yes 11 2 B No Yes 11 3 E No Yes 11 4 B No Yes 11 5 B Yes Yes 11 6 M Yes Yes 11 7 E No Yes 11 8 E No Yes 12 1 M No No 12 2 M No Yes * s not listed in Lee

26 Bk * Table VII-4 Odyssey Locations and s of s Loc. In Loc. In (line ) (Bk ln ) to Next To 12 3 B Yes Yes 12 4 E No Yes 12 5 M No Yes 12 6 M No Yes 12 7 B Yes No 13 1 B Yes Yes 13 2 E No Yes 13 3 B Yes Yes 14 1 M No Yes 14 2 E No Yes 14 3 B No Yes 14 4 M No Yes 15 1 B No Yes 15 2 M No No 15 3 B Yes No 15 4 M No Yes 16 1 B Yes Yes 16 2 M Yes Yes 17 1 M Yes Yes 17 2 B Yes Yes 17 3 E No No 17 4 E No Yes 17 5 E No No 17 6 B Yes Yes 18 1 B No Yes 18 2 M No Yes * s not listed in Lee

27 Bk * Table VII-4 Odyssey Locations and s of s Loc. In Loc. In (line ) (Bk ln ) to Next To 18 3 B No No 18 4 E No Yes 18 5 E No Yes 19 1 M No Yes 19 2 B Yes Yes 19 3 B Yes Yes 19 4 B No Yes 19 5 B No Yes 19 6 E No Yes 19 7 B No Yes 19 8 B Yes Yes 19 9 M No Yes 20 1 B Yes Yes 20 2 B Yes Yes 20 3 M No No 20 4 E No No 21 1 E Yes Yes 21 2 B Yes Yes 21 3 E No Yes 22 1 E Yes Yes 22 2 B Yes Yes 22 3 M Yes Yes 22 4 E Yes Yes 22 5 B Yes Yes 23 1 E No Yes 23 2 M No No * s not listed in Lee

28 Bk * Table VII-4 Odyssey Locations and s of s Loc. In Loc. In (line ) (Bk ln ) to Next To 23 3 E No Yes 23 4 B Yes Yes 23 5 E No Yes 23 6 B Yes Yes 24 1 B Yes Yes 24 2 M No Yes 24 3 M No Yes Table VII-5 below provides comparisons of the cumulative totals from the Iliad and Odyssey using the information in Tables VII-3 and VII-4. * Table VII-5: Comparison of Totals Iliad Odyssey Number of similes Total number of lines Number of simile lines lines as percentage of total lines 5% 1.7% Average simile length Average number of similes per 100 lines Average spacing end of one simile to next Average prothesis-to-prothesis spacing * s not listed in Lee

29 VII-C Clusters of Closely-Spaced s This section evaluates similes that are closely spaced. From the data in Table VII-3, the lliad has are 97 small spacings of less than 8 lines. From the data in Table VII-4, the Odyssey has 21 of these small spacings. Table VII-6 summarizes how these small spacings are grouped in clusters of similes. Table VII-6 Summary of Closely-Spaced s (Less Than 8 s) Iliad Odyssey Actual Number of s Less Than 8 s Best Estimate Number of s Less Than 8 s for a Random Distribution Number of Thematically Connected Two- Clusters Short - Short 9 5 Short Short Number of Three- Clusters 11 2 Number of Four- Clusters 3 0 Number of Five- and Six- Clusters 4 0 Number of Clusters of Thematically Connected s Number of Thematically Connected s in Clusters 149 (43% of 344 similes in Iliad) 40 (31% of 128 similes in Odyssey Pairs of Closely-Spaced, Unrelated s 7 0 The following should be noted about Table VII-6: In both the Iliad and the Odyssey, the number of closely-spaced clusters is over 65 percent greater than the best estimate prediction for a random distribution. In the Iliad, the 97 small spacings make up 59 clusters of from two to six similes which are thematically connected. There are also seven pairs of similes which are closely-spaced but are unrelated due to having different subject matter. In the Odyssey, the 21 small spacings make up 19 clusters of two or three similes. All of these clusters are thematically connected. In both poems, the two-simile clusters consist of both scene similes and similes that are short phrases or clauses. The numbers of clusters of each possible sequence of these two types of similes is generally consistent with a random selection from the available population of the two types in the poems. A possible exception is the relatively large number (11) of two-simile clusters in which a short simile is followed by a scene simile; for a random, distribution, the number short-scene clusters should be about the same as the scene-short clusters. * s not listed in Lee

30 The count of closely-spaced similes in Table VII-6 is based on the similes listed in Tables VII-3 and VII-4 and the compendia. If instead the closely-spaced similes identified in Lee s were counted, there would be slightly fewer spacings of less than 8 lines (93 for the Iliad and 16 for the Odyssey). The number of large clusters of four or more similes in the Iliad would be six instead of seven. In Tables VII-7 and VII-8a and -8b below, similes not in Lee s are marked with an asterisk. In Tables VII-3 and VII-4 in section VII-B, the simile clusters are highlighted with light green and light blue shading. Light green is used for simile clusters which are thematically connected. Light blue is used for pairs of closely-spaced similes which are unrelated in subject matter. In the Iliad, the seven clusters of four to six similes is another significant deviation from random distribution of similes. The seven clusters of four or more similes are substantially more than the one or two clusters of four or more similes that would be expected for a random distribution. Table VII-7 lists the seven clusters of four or more similes and the subject matter that the thematic connection between the similes. Table VII-7 Iliad Large Clusters of Four or More Closely-Spaced s s Numbers Thematic Connection to Bk 2 10, 11, 12, 13, Assembly of Achaean army under 14, 15 their leadership 3.2 to 3.12 Bk 3 1, 2, 3, 4*, 5* Assembly of Trojan army and resulting dust to Bk 11 2, 3, 4, 5 Hector and opposing armies to Bk 16 20, 21, 22, 23 Patroclus kills Cebriones and fight over Cebriones corpse to 18.1 Bk 17 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, Bk 18 1 Fight over Patroclus corpse including efforts of Ajaxes, Hector & Aeneas to Bk 19 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Achilles shining armor to Bk 22 5*, 6, 7, 8 These large clusters have the following characteristics: Contrast of Hector (woman maiden, or dove) and Achilles (blazing fire/sun or falcon) The similes describe battles or the combatants and armies before battles and combats. The Narrator is speaker of all of these similes except for a couple of the similes in the four-simile cluster in 22. * s not listed in Lee

31 Tables VII-8a and VII-8b list the two- and three-simile clusters and the thematic connection. Table VII-8a Iliad: Small Clusters of Two or Three Related s s Numbers Thematic Connection to Bk 2 2, 3 * s not listed in Lee Assembly of Achaean army like waves and fields of grain to Bk 2 18, 19 March of Achaeans 3.23 to 3.35 Bk 3 6, 7 Menelaus intimidates Paris to Bk 3 10, 11 Odysseus the ram to Bk 3 12*, 13 Odysseus speaking in assembly to Bk 3 14, 15* Menelaus and Paris after interrupted combat to Bk 4 6, 7* Achaean phalanxes = dark cloud to 435 Bk 4 8, 9 Description of Greek and Trojan armies to Bk 5 10, 11 Diocles twin sons to Bk 5 13, 14, 15 Hera and Athena assist Argives to Bk 5 16, 17 Ares to Bk 6 6, 7 Paris 9.4 to 9.15 Bk 9 1, 2 Unease of Achaeans and Agamemnon to Bk 10 5*, 6 Pursuit of Dolon by Diomedes and Odysseus to Bk 10 7*, 8 Rhesus horses to Bk 11 9, 10 Assault of Agamemnon on Hippolochus and the Trojans to Bk 11 12, 13 Agamemnon s spear wound to Bk 11 15, 16, 17 Hector vs. Achaeans to Bk 11 22, 23, 24 Trojans around Odysseus and Ajax response to Bk 11 25, 26, 27 Ajax versus Trojans to Bk 12 1, 2 Hector leads assault on Achaeans to Bk 12 4, 5, 6 Response of Achaeans to Trojan assault to Bk 12 8, 9, 10 Trojans led by Sarpedon assault the Achaeans to Bk 13 14, 15 Idomeneus attacked to Bk 13 18, 19 Adamas spear against Antilochus and Meriones spear against Adamas to Bk 14 5, 6*, 7* Cry of Trojans and Achaeans to Bk 14 8, 9 Effect of Ajax attack on Hector to Bk 15 5, 6 Hector against Achaeans to Bk 15 8, 9 Apollo assists Trojan attack to Bk 15 12, 13, 14 Antilochus against Hector and Trojans to Bk15 16, 17, 18 Hector s attack against Achaeans

32 Table VII-8a Iliad: Small Clusters of Two or Three Related s s Numbers Thematic Connection 16.3 to Bk 16 1, 2 Patroclus to Bk 16 14, 15 Patroclus kills Sarpedon to Bk 16 16, 17 Patroclus attack and Trojan retreat to Bk 16 18, 19 Fight around Sarpedon s corpse to Bk 17 3, 4 Menelaus to Bk 17 6, 7 Ajax and his shield to Bk 18 2, 3 Thetis rearing Achilles to Bk 18 4*, 5 Characteristics of anger to Bk 18 6, 7 Hector as a flame and lion to Bk 18 8, 9 Description of Achilles to Bk 18 12, 13 Thetis rearing Achilles to Bk 20 4, 5 Aeneas to Achilles: we are not children or women to Bk 20 6*, 7* Hector on Achilles: fire and blazing iron to Bk 20 11, 12 Achilles: a fire and bull-yoker to Bk 21 1, 2, 3 Description of Trojans attacked by Achilles to Bk 21 5*, 6, 7 Scamander chases Achilles to Bk 22 2, 3 Achilles: a horse and star to Bk 22 9, 10 Two springs of fire an ice to Bk 22 12, 13 Achilles chasing Hector to Bk 22 15, 16 Achilles and Hector attack each other to Bk 23 4*, 5 Racing Table VII-8b Odyssey: Small Clusters of Two or Three Related s s Common Subject Matter Numbers to Bk 5 6, 7 Odysseus on a plank of his wrecked raft to Bk 5 8, 9* Odysseus attempting to reach land to Bk 6 5, 6 Odysseus transformed by Athena to Bk 8 2*, 3*, 4* Euryalus similes for Odysseus to Bk 9 5, 6 Polyphemus eats Odysseus men to Bk 9 7, 8* Polyphemus door-stone and club to Bk 9 9, 10 The stake in Polyphemus eye to Bk 10 1*, 2*, 3 Laestrygonians to Bk 11 5, 6 Aegisthus slaughter of Agamemnon and his companions to Bk 11 7, 8 Heracles in the land of the dead * s not listed in Lee

33 Table VII-8b Odyssey: Small Clusters of Two or Three Related s s Numbers Common Subject Matter to Bk 12 4, 5 Odysseus comrades die on his ship to Bk 12 6, 7* Odysseus evades Charybdis to Bk 13 2, 3 Odysseus on the Phaeacian ship to Bk 18 1, 2 Irus calls Odysseus an old kitchen-wife & pig to Bk 19 3, 4 Odysseus and Penelope meet to Bk 19 5, 6 Odysseus tunic to Bk 21 2, 3 Odysseus strings his bow to Bk 22 1, 2 Odysseus and Telemachus rout the suitors to Bk 23 3, 4 Odysseus transformed by Athena Table VII-9 lists the two-simile clusters in the Iliad for which the subject matter of the similes is different; the simile clusters of the Odyssey are thematically connected. Table VII-9 Iliad: Closely-Spaced Unrelated s s Numbers Subject Matter to 3.2 Bk 2 21, Bk : Nastes decked out in gold 1: Trojans like birds to Bk 4 10, 11 10: Description of armies 11: Death of Echepolus to Bk 11 19, 20 19: Trojan fear of Diomedes 20: Diomedes disparaging Paris to Bk 13 10, 11 10: Idomeneus a flame 11: Battle storms and dust to Bk 15 19, 20 19: Ajax on ships 20: Hector leads Trojans to Bk 17 15, 16 15: Automedon like a bloody lion 16: Athena s purple cloud to Bk 19 2, 3 2: Athena like a falcon 3: Pouring out of ships like snow-flakes * s not listed in Lee

34 VII-D Large Gaps Between s From the data in Table VII-3, the Iliad has seven gaps of more than 200 lines without similes. This is two to three times the number expected for a random distribution. Table VII-10 lists the gaps and what happens in them. Table VII-10 Iliad: Large Gaps of More Than 200 s without s s Gap Size Subject Matter Achilles complains to Thetis who persuades Zeus to to take action despite Hera s objections. Appeasement of Chryses. Agamemnon calls a meeting to Catalog of ships to Combat between Menelaus and Paris ended when Aphrodite whisks Paris away. Aphrodite persuades Helen to go to Paris to End of combat between Ajax and Hector. Trojans sue for peace for burial of dead. Achaeans build wall and moat. Achaean feast. Zeus orders gods not to interfere to Hera and Athena conspiracy to help the Achaeans stopped by Zeus. Zeus and Hera quarrel. Hector encourages Trojans to Agamemnon calls for retreat. Speeches of Diomedes and Nestor. Decision to send embassy to Achilles. Embassy rejected by Achilles to Thetis comforts Achilles. Reconciliation of Agamemnon and Achilles with transfer of gifts. Briseis reacts to death of Patroclus. Zeus sends Athena to Achilles to Achilles slaughters Lycaon, Asteropaeus, and other Trojans. Scamander threatens Achilles to Iris does Zeus bidding in persuading Thetis to get Achilles to give up Hector s body and in persuading Priam to go to Achilles despite Hecuba s objections. Priam prepares to go to Achilles. Some of the characteristic subjects in these gaps without similes include: Speeches, embassies, and meetings. Interventions by the gods and their quarrels. * s not listed in Lee

35 Lists such as the catalog of ships in 2 and Agamemnon s list of gifts to appease Achilles, which is repeated several times in the gaps listed for s 9 and 19. Combats between individuals play a dominant role only in the 21 gap and a smaller role in the gaps of s 3 and 7. The same large gaps of over 200 lines without similes also exist for the similes identified in Lee s for the Iliad. There would be one additional large gap from line 105 to line 359 in 1 of the Iliad. Tables VII-3 and VII-4 in section VII-B show the large 200-line gaps by a purple dashed line for both the Iliad and the Odyssey. There are more large gaps (17) in the Odyssey than the Iliad due to the larger average spacing between similes (91 lines in the Odyssey compared to 43 lines in the Iliad). Unlike the Iliad, the 17 large gaps in the Odyssey is about the same as predicted for a random distribution (about 15 large gaps). Overall, the similes of the Odyssey are more consistent with a random distribution than the Iliad. * s not listed in Lee