Education vs. Enforcement do we really need to choose?

Transcription

1 Education vs. Enforcement do we really need to choose? Maria Segui Gomez Director General for Traffic Police-Health Partnership in diverse settings Amsterdam 6-8 Oct 2014

2 What is DGT and what do we care for in Spain, 2013 Population: Tourist: 60.6 M Public roadways: > km Trips in highways (ex C & PV): 365 M Trips (2007):42,000 M New driver licenses: Renewed licenses: 2,9 M Registration new vehicles: Transferred vehicles: Scrapped vehicles: Sanctions: M (only intercities ex. C & PV) Sources: INE, DGT, Mº Fomento

3 Traffic Accident Deaths, Spain Since % *Datos provisionales 2013, 24h interurbana:1.128

4 Deaths, drivers and vehicles, Spain , 1965 year 0 (100) X 13 X 9,5 : 2,1

5 Suecia Reino Unido Dinamarca Países Bajos * España Alemania Irlanda Eslovaquia Finlandia Francia Chipre Malta Austria Italia Hungria Estonia Eslovenia Portugal República Checa Bélgica Grecia Bulgaria Lituania Croacia Letonia Luxemburgo Polonia Rumania UE-28 Australia Japón * Estados Unidos * Tasa de fallecidos por millón de población Mortality rates per 1 M population, EU and other countries, Fuentes : Comisión Europea, base de datos CARE y Eurosta; IRTAD. * Datos de 2012

6 Traffic Deaths Wordlwide 1,3 M/year

7 But that is not all deaths are only the tip of the iceberg Datos policiales 2013, hospitalarios 2012

8 What do we know about risk factors? Haddon Matrix Pre-crash Person Vehicle Environment crash Post-crash 8

9 Concurrent Factors among deaths, Spain 2013* 43% positive to BAC higher than legal limit or illegal drugs 38% driver distraction 22% innapropiate speed 171 dead occupants not using safety belts 4 dead children occupants not using child restraint 16 dead motorciclist without helmet *according to police officer instructing the case

10 Whose risks? (target populations) Remembering Rose s paradigm

11 What do we know about interventions? ANALYSIS OF THE INTERVENTIONS TO REDUCE INJURED PERSONS RISK (VS. REF) PERSONS KILLED PERSONS INJURED All the factors examined 89% 73% "top 5 Speed limits 17% 12% Scarce passive safety 15% 4% Vulnerable occupants 8% 5% Medical services 8% 4% Improvements on the road 7% 2% Source: Handbook for Road Traffic Safety Measures, Elvik 1999

12 And what strategy to develop? Education vs. Enforcement vs. Engineering

13 Educating whom? Population and driver population, Spain 2013

14 Enforcing laws to whom? Foreign plates with excess speed in Spanish roads July July 2014 Others ANDORRA BELGIUM SWITZERLAND GERMANY FRANCE UNITED KINGDOM ITALY THE NETHERLANDS PORTUGAL TOTAL Total general * * *better fatality rates than Spain in 2013 Número de aparatos que envían fotos (mes de referencia: marzo 2014) - RADARES FIJOS Y DE TRAMO: 209 -RADARES MÓVILES Y HELICÓPTEROS: 260 * Países no miembros de la Unión Europea.

15 What do we know about effectiveness? Haddon Matrix into effectiveness studies: (2028 peer reviewed publications up to 2006) Person Vehicle Environment Pre-crash crash Post-crash

16 How did the authors classify studies? 2028 publications, 128 interventions, 10 areas

17 6. Driver and Professional Driver education (n=12) 17

18 7. General population safety education (includes campaigns) (n=3) 18

19 8. Police supervision and fines (n=13) 19

20 1. Road design and equipment (n=20) AS AN EXAMPLE OF OTHER CATEGORIES 20

21 Concurrent Factors among deaths, Spain % positive to BAC higher than legal limit or illegal drugs 38% driver distraction 22% innapropiate speed 171 dead occupants not using safety belts 4 dead children occupants not using child restraint 16 dead motorciclist without helmet

22 Spain according to WHO 2013 Report on road safety Mortality rates in the top 20 best countries out of 180 evaluated Spain 1 out of 28 countries in the world with legislation on Speed limits Safety belt use Child restraint use Helmet use Alcohol Yet Law enforcement still improvable (6/7 out of 10)

23 We evaluted our own DGT enformcent and education policy..but also turned around our 8116 municipalities and checked into their law enforcement practices Intentionally left blank Disponibles pública, indivual y gratuitamente en

24 And yet found evidence for hope Daily alcohol consumption general population 12% BAC positive among driving drivers 5% BAC positive among dead drivers 30% 33 years since drinking and driving was first addressed in Spain (1981) How to expedite drugs and driving out of the scene? Daily drug consumption in general population 7% Drug positive among driving drivers 6% Drug positive among dead drivers 15%

25 It s never either or Educate population on problem Enforce w/o prejudice w/o delay So that norm be taken seriously Educate law makers on problem Educate police on problem and norm Create norm (balance between administrative & criminal)

26 But it alwats requires perserverance!