Section II FALL PROTECTION POLICY

Transcription

1 FALL PROTECTION POLICY

2 Table of Contents Acknowledgement... 4 Annual Program Review Obligation to use Fall Protection Obligation to Use Fall Protection Fall Protection Plan Guardrail Locations The Reality of a Fall This is how quick you will fall relevant to distance Newtons law of gravity Responsibilities Management Employees Training Determining the Appropriate Fall Protection Hierarchy of Fall Protection Definitions Active vs. Passive Fall Protection System Passive Fall Protection System Active Fall Protection System Guardrails Guardrail Component Requirements Warning Barriers Mandatory Guardrail Areas Hoisting Equipment with Guardrails Generic Fall Protection Systems Equipment Standards Fall Protection Equipment Standards Fall Arrest System Specifications for a Fall Arrest System Anchorage point Lifeline Rope grab Lanyard Shock absorber Full body safety harness Potential Fall Forces Non-Shock Absorbing Lanyard Shock Absorbing Lanyard Important Factor Fall Restraint System Vertical Lifelines Horizontal Lifelines Temporary Horizontal Restraint System Temporary Horizontal Arrest System Lanyards / Connecting Equipment Lanyards Chain Rebar/Positioning Lanyard Retractable lanyards Shock Absorbers Snap Hooks Rope Grabs Developed October 2018 Page 1 of 62

3 Automatic Manual Carabiners Anchors Fall Arrest Anchors Vent Rod Anchors Standards for Removal Certification by an Engineer Other Temporary Anchors Condor I-Beam Winged Straps Calculate Falling Distance and the Proper System Swing Fall Hazards Free Fall Full Body Harness and Safety Belts Full Body Harness Harnesses Class Class A Fall Arrest Class D Suspension and Controlled Descent Class E Limited Access Class L Ladder Climbing Class P Work Positioning Donning a Harness Fall Protection Equipment Inspection General Equipment Requirements Harness, Belt and Lanyard Webbing Buckle Inspection Rope Inspection Harness / Belt Snaps and D Rings Equipment Cleaning Removal from service WorkSafe BC Regulations Fall Protection Equipment Inspection Form Rope and Knots Tensionless Hitch Control Zone Control Zone Width Warning Designation Safety Monitor Safety Monitor Duties Site Specific Fall Protection Plan Responsibility Basic Requirements Regulations Documentation Site Specific Fall Protection Plan Form Fallen Worker Rescue Suspension Trauma Orthostatic Hypotension: Reflow Syndrome: Rescue Death: Developed October 2018 Page 2 of 62

4 25.4 Suspension Trauma: Suspension Syndrome: Signs and Symptoms Prevention Roof Classifications Roof Classifications Slopes Fall Protection for Flat Roofs Fall Protection for Sloped Roofs Fall Protection for Steep Guardrails / Floor Coverings Surface Openings Materials and Equipment at the Leading Edge Material Storage Mobile Power Equipment at the Edge Fall Protection Definitions WorkSafe BC Part 11 Fall Protection Developed October 2018 Page 3 of 62

5 Acknowledgement This Occupational Health and Safety Manual was developed by Mike Winbow for BC Ltd. These sections are designed to meet or excide the laws governing work in British Columbia, Canada as set forth by the Workers Compensation Act. under the jurisdiction of WorkSafe BC This manual has been designed to encompass the full spectrum of Occupational Health and Safety as it relates to the work activities of BC Ltd. The manual will have additions as new safety measures are introduced or repealed. If this occurs before the annual review, the new pages will be added to the correct sections in sequence. The information in this Section does not take precedence over applicable government legislation, with which all workers and management should be familiar with. If for any reason the legislation should change where as The Workers Compensation Act, WorkSafe BC Regulations, Guidelines, Policy, or Standards set forth a NEW and SAFER legislation, then the rule applies that the safer way supersedes all other practices and statements applying a rule. Developed October 2018 Page 4 of 62

6 Annual Program Review BC Ltd.* Fall Protection Policy On an annual basis, management in conjunction with company safety professionals will conduct a review of the Occupational Health and Safety Program and Manual. This will be conducted by way of directly speaking with managers, workers, safety representatives and supervisors. Site inspections will be reviewed as well as statistical information, injury claims, reports and any other relevant documentation and information that will be helpful in determining a course of action for improvement. A meeting will be held to review the overall performance of the program and to discuss any implementation on the recommendations made. The policies, rules and procedures of this manual should be compared to training records, company and supervisors reports, accident investigations, worker personal safety training files, inspection reports and any other pertinent information to determinant if any improvements can be accomplished The Safety Program Annual Review will be conducted using the standards set by Regional Governing Bodies, Construction Associations and other applicable standards. Recommendations for revisions to the safety program will also come from safety meetings that were forwarded to the management for implementation. The month of October or November will be scheduled for the audit and a date will be specified for compliance. The Annual Program Review and assessment of the past year statistics derived from BC Ltd. documentation as well as the workers conducting the tasks will be utilized for developing safety initiatives. Those potentially could be added to the program to assist in governing the actions of all workers and any subcontractors on a BC Ltd. project. When completed, the new additions will further help workers conduct their job-related tasks in the safest way possible. If for any reason, it needs to be revised outside of the annual review time, then the section or parts will be reviewed and if needed a change could occur. Developed October 2018 Page 5 of 62

7 1. Obligation to use Fall Protection BC Ltd. takes our workers health and safety very seriously. Therefore, the implementation of this policy for the use of Fall Protection is essential. When a worker is faced with the hazard of a fall of 10 feet (3 meters) or more, with in 6.5 feet of that leading edge they will be required to use a Personal Fall Protection Harness and be secured to an approved anchor. A safe work plan along with a Field Level Risk Assessment (FLRA) must be completed prior to any work involving fall protection. All workers will comply fully with the WorkSafe BC Regulations Part 11 sighting 100% fall protection when such a hazard is present. Failure to comply will result in disciplinary action. 1.1 Obligation to Use Fall Protection 11.2 (1) Unless elsewhere provided for in this Regulation, an employer must ensure that a fall protection system is used when work is being done at a place (a) from which a fall of 3 m (10 ft.) or more may occur, or (b) where a fall from a height of less than 3 m involves a risk of injury greater than the risk of injury from the impact on a flat surface. 1.2 Fall Protection Plan 11.3 (1) The employer must have a written fall protection plan for a workplace if (a) work is being done at a location where workers are not protected by permanent, guardrails, and from which a fall of 7.5 m (25 ft.) or more may occur 1.3 Guardrail Locations 4.55 An area accessible to workers must have guards or guardrails installed in any of the following circumstances: (a) if a raised floor, open-sided floor, mezzanine, gallery, balcony, work platform, ramp, walkway, or runway is 122 cm (4 ft.) or more above the adjacent floor or grade level; (b) on both sides of any walkway over or adjacent to any substance which is a hazard if a worker fell in, or on it, or which is over machinery or work areas; (c) around the perimeter of any open container or containment area such as an open vat, bin, tank or pit which is 122 cm (4 ft.) or more in depth and which has sides that do not extend at least as high as required for a guardrail above the adjacent grade or work surface; (d) if a stairway ends in direct proximity to dangerous traffic or other hazard to prevent inadvertent entry into the dangerous area. Developed October 2018 Page 6 of 62

8 2. The Reality of a Fall The following table indicates just how far you can fall in a very short space of time if personal fall protection is ignored. Even for that five minutes of work the reality of a fall can be fatal. Statistics have revealed that 42% of all construction serious injuries and fatalities and due to a fall BC Ltd. has provided this Fall Protection Program for all our employees so that none of the above statistics become a negative part of our company. 2.1 This is how quick you will fall relevant to distance Time (seconds) Distance (metres) Distance (feet) Newtons law of gravity We have all used the phrase it s not the fall but the sudden stop that kills you. No truer words were ever spoken when it comes to the hazards that can cause a fall. Newtons law of gravity states an object in free fall in a vacuum will accelerate at approximately 9.8 m/s 2, independent of its mass. With air resistance acting on an object that has been dropped, the object will eventually reach a terminal velocity, which is around 53 m/s (195 km/h or 122 mph). Developed October 2018 Page 7 of 62

9 3. Responsibilities It is everybody s responsibility to follow the WorkSafe BC Regulations in Part 11 and all policies and procedures with in this OH&S Program dealing with the risks and hazards regarding falling from heights. 3.1 Management Management is responsible ensuring all workers are trained and comply with the regulations, policy and procedures surrounding the use of fall protection. As well reviewing workplace-specific written fall protection procedures prior to implementation and annually thereafter. In addition, they must review all past fillable documentation generated by workers for the use of fall protection. Management and Senior Electricians are responsible for: 1. Ensuring our workers (employees and contractors) comply with the fall protection instructions. 2. Hold pre-job planning meetings to discuss the fall protection required. 3. Identify workplace fall hazards through job safety analysis and pre-job hazard assessments. 4. Provide approved fall protection equipment for employees including fall restraint and fall arresting equipment. 5. Provide procedures for maintenance and inspection of fall protection equipment. 6. Provide training in the use of fall restraint and fall arresting equipment. Maintain training records. 7. Provide attachment points capable of withstanding the forces specified in these instructions. 8. Assist in the development of workplace-specific written fall protection procedures. 9. Provide attachment points capable of withstanding the forces specified in these instructions. 3.2 Employees Employees are responsible for: 1. Using workplace-specific job procedures provided when working in fall hazard locations. 2. Understand the requirements and use of the Fall Protection System, fall restraint, and fall arrest equipment. 3. Use equipment that s approved by either the CSA, ANSI or any other accepted by WorkSafe BC. 4. Understand the requirement for working on or near an exposed edge of 10 feet and above. 5. Never blindly work on an edge if the full scope and hazards are not recognized. 6. Not diverting from a fall protection written plan or procedure unless authorised. 7. To ask for assistance in understanding any aspect of this program if a need arises. Developed October 2018 Page 8 of 62

10 4. Training All workers employed directly or indirectly by BC Ltd. shall be properly instructed in the contents of this fall protection program before being employed on worksites that involve using a fall protection system. Be trained in the use of a Personal Fall Protection System (Specialty PPE). Workers must be familiar with basic procedures of fall protection, how to care for personal fall protection equipment, how to properly wear the equipment, when to use it, when not to use it and what to do if something fails. Workers must take responsibility to request further assistance with regards to needing equipment supplied, repaired or replaced BC Ltd. shall enforce and closely monitor this portion of this fall protection program to use due diligence and continue to provide a safe workplace for all their employees and contractors. Management will ensure that all workers are trained and educated in the fall protection procedures provided through this program. 5. Determining the Appropriate Fall Protection At the beginning of a project, the management team will determine what type of fall protection system will be used in relation to a hazard assessment of the location. Because there are so many variations of projects that must that out workers will be on in the industry, we need to determine beforehand exactly what procedures must be followed to ensure a safe and successful work process. Management will coordinate with their supervisor, what system is needed, procedures as to how work will be developed with the system, monitoring it, and supporting any extended need required by the workers using the system. When determining the system to be used, three (3) things must be assessed; 1. The building height. If the work is more than ten (10) feet, a fall protection system must be in place before work begins. 2. The specific location where a fall protection system needs to be implemented. 3. The work that needs to be completed Once those have been determined, a in depth Hazard Assessment can be conducted. With all this information management will use the Hierarchy of Fall Protection to mandate the best and safest fall protection system to use for each area where a task must be performed. It is imperative that before a task at heights, we assess the task, recognize the hazards and then derive a plan to eliminate or at least control them. A Field Level Hazard Assessment must be conducted. Developed October 2018 Page 9 of 62

11 6. Hierarchy of Fall Protection BC Ltd.* Fall Protection Policy 6.1 Definitions Where fall hazards cannot be eliminated, permanent or temporary guardrails or handrails form a protective barrier around an opening or edge to prevent a fall to a lower level. FALL RESTRAINT FALL ARREST OTHER PROCEDURES After eliminating fall hazards and installing guardrails, a fall restraint system is the next level in the fall protection hierarchy. Fall restraint systems prevent you from falling through either travel restriction or work positioning. With travel restriction, workers are attached to a fixed-length line that prevents them from travelling to close to an opening or edge. When it's not possible or practical to use a fall restraint system, the next line of protection is fall arrest. A fall arrest system (including a lanyard or lifeline, a harness, and, most importantly, an anchor) protects you after a fall by stopping you from hitting the surface below If guardrails, fall restraint, or fall arrest are not practicable, or will result in greater risk of injury, contact the Prevention Information Line at (604) to discuss alternative safe work procedures that are acceptable to WorkSafe BC. Developed October 2018 Page 10 of 62

12 7. Active vs. Passive Fall Protection System 7.1 Passive Fall Protection System Is best described as a stationary protection system that is non-dynamic, doesn t change or move and requires no personal protective equipment. In the Hierarchy of Fall Protection, a passive system if possible should always be the first choice of protection from a fall hazard. These are also considered engineering controls. Examples of a Passive Fall Protection System are as follows: 1. Guardrails and cattle guards, snow fencing 2. Hand rails 3. Painted Hole Covers 4. Netting and catch platforms 5. A well established and very visible control zone 7.2 Active Fall Protection System Is dynamic and requires a worker s participation. This system can be moved from location to location, requires training and in some cases site specific plans. There are 2 types of active systems. Fall Restraint and Fall Arrest. Examples of an Active Fall Protection System are as follows: 1. Using Harnesses, life lines, and anchors. 2. Retractable lanyards, shock absorbers, restraint lanyards 3. Movable roof jacks for steep pitched roofs (still using a PFPS as well) 4. May also include a tripod, portable cranes and winches for rescue. Developed October 2018 Page 11 of 62

13 8. Guardrails BC Ltd.* Fall Protection Policy A guardrail is a permanent or portable structural system consisting of a top rail, a middle rail, and a toe board secured to vertical posts intended to stop a worker from inadvertently stepping off a raised working level and falling to a level below. Establishing a guardrail system should always be the first choice when protecting workers from a fall. This would-be part of the Engineering criteria in the Hierarchy of Hazard Controls BC Ltd. shall ensure that this is kept as their priority. Only if this system is impracticable, will another choice for fall protection be used. A temporary guardrail system must be used at edges where the dumping of refuse into a bin below takes place and the manual hoisting of materials from heights. 8.1 Guardrail Component Requirements With guardrails being quite a simple process, there are only a few requirements that need to be kept in mind. Most of the requirements pertain to the components themselves. The other important requirements are in the event of temporary removal. 1. Guardrails shall be installed on raised floors, work platforms, ramps, walkways, when these are a minimum of 4 feet or more above a grade level or another floor surface. 2. All walkways shall have guardrails where a walkway exists near hazards if a worker fell in, or on, or any areas where a worker may pass over machinery or other work areas. 3. Guardrails shall be installed around any open container, open vat, tank or pit where a fall of 4-10 feet or more could take place. 4. In High-Rise construction, a ready-made cattle guard is one of the best types of guardrail systems to use or a 42-inch-high by 8 feet long 2x4 constructed frame with snow fencing covering it can be use. The 2x4 type must also have a middle rail at 21 inches as well. Always install these on the inside of a main concrete support column or screw jack fasted in place. Secure with heavy duty zap-straps or wire. Theses must be installed no closer to the edge then six and a half feet and must be clearly marked with signs stating, Fall Protection Must Be Warn Past This Point 5. If any worker is working in an area where they may be elevated from the work surface, a guardrail shall be added, or another fall protection system will be used. 6. Guardrails shall be installed at area where required and will be able to withstand a maximum of 125 lb. force when applied from any direction. Developed October 2018 Page 12 of 62

14 7. Wire rope or fibre rope shall not be used as a guardrail system unless prior permission from the board has been given. 8. Guardrail vertical support posts shall not be placed more than 8. Scaffolding vertical supports must not exceed a maximum If the horizontal materials used on a guardrail are of wood materials, the top rail must be a minimum of 2 x 4 inches in measurement for a maximum of an 8-foot span. If the span is greater than 8 feet to a maximum of 10 feet, the minimum size of the material must be no less than 2 x 6 inches. However, if 2 x 4s are all you have then a top plate must be added, 3 ¼ nails to fasten down every 12 inches, or 3-inch screws every 12 inches. 10. The top rail of a temporary guardrail must be no less than a minimum of 40 inches above a work surface and must not exceed 44 inches above the work surface. 11. The mid-rail must be no less than 2 x 4-inch materials as well when used with an 8-foot span, and when exceeding that length to a maximum of 10 feet, 2 x 6 material must be used. If that isn t available a top plate must be added here as well following the same details. As in #8, the top plate prevents bowing and loosening of the fasteners used to secure the rails to the post. 12. Horizontal rails on a guardrail must be secured to the top of the vertical supports or the inner side (working side) of the supports. Never install on the out side of the vertical posts. Pushing against a post is always stronger and more secure then the pull strength of a fastener. 13. Vertical supports on a wooden guardrail system must be of a minimum 2 x 4 material and the narrow dimension facing the open edge. 14. Snow Fence or mesh may be used in place of a mid-rail only provided that it has been adequately secured and does not replace the top or toe-board rails. This system is widely used for the outer edge in high-rise construction. 15. Toe-boards must be used if there is a danger of any tools or materials falling off the work surface or a danger of slipping off the work surface due to the environment or the work practices being performed. 16. For a base, a Safety Boot can be used as illustrated below. All installation instructions come with the unit ands must be fallowed to the letter. For any manufactured system the manufactures instructions for installation must be followed to the letter. Safety Boot Standard Temporary Guardrail Developed October 2018 Page 13 of 62

15 **NOTE** Prior to, and during the installation of guardrails, it is essential that a safety harness and an independent lifeline, properly secured to an adequate fixed anchor is used by each and every worker who may go near any leading edges and may be exposed to the risk of falling a distance exceeding 3.0 metres (10 feet). Where a guardrail is temporarily removed, warning tape and signage will be used to mark the hazard area off limits and create a control zone 6.5 foot back from the leading edge. 8.2 Warning Barriers A warning barrier is used to indicate to workers that they are approaching a hazardous work area, where a potential fall hazard exists. The warning barrier is used where it is not reasonably practicable to provide fixed barrier protection, where a guardrail has been temporarily removed from an area. This system may utilize a cable, rope, or a fence system which is set up at least 6-6 from the work surface opening or edge. The effectiveness of this type of system is increased when high visibility flagging or other means is used to mark the warning barrier. A warning system is not a substitute for guardrails as it is obviously of lesser strength and offers no protection to the worker who must go near the edge of a work area. Workers who are required to go beyond the warning barrier must use a travel restraint or fall arrest system. Lifelines must not be tied to the warning system or barricade. Developed October 2018 Page 14 of 62

16 8.3 Mandatory Guardrail Areas BC Ltd.* Fall Protection Policy Temporary guardrails must be installed per guardrail requirements at least 10 feet on either side of an area where a worker must be at the edge in order to retrieve maters, tools or loads from a crane. They must also be installed if an area is used for a long-term consistent means of access and egress to that raised area. *Note: When guardrails are installed at the garbage disposal area, the protection must also be in direct front of the dumping area. When material is being placed into the chute or container, the mid-rail may be removed at this time only, and replaced immediately when the process has been complete. No rails may be left off for any long length of time. If material is being thrown by hand, the top rail may be removed only for the process duration and then replaced after the worker leaves the area. Both rails may not be removed at the same time unless a personal fall protection system is used before this is done and all workers are not exposed to any of the hazard. 8.4 Hoisting Equipment with Guardrails Developed October 2018 Page 15 of 62

17 9. Generic Fall Protection Systems BC Ltd.* Fall Protection Policy A Generic Fall Protection Systems consists of 3 major components. A harness, connecting devices and an anchor. It works like a chain. If one of these links fails the whole system fails. The system must be appropriate for the location, task at hand and the person using the system. 9.1 Equipment Standards Equipment used for a fall protection system must consist of compatible and suitable components, be sufficient to support the fall restraint or arrest forces, and meet, and be used in accordance with, an applicable CSA or ANSI standard in effect when the equipment was manufactured, subject to any modification or upgrading considered necessary by the Board. Developed October 2018 Page 16 of 62

18 10. Fall Protection Equipment Standards Standard Agency Standard Number Standard Title ANSI A10.11 ANSI A14.3 Construction and Demolition Operations - Personnel and Debris Nets American National Standard for Ladders - Fixed - Safety Requirements ANSI Z359.0 Definitions for Fall Protection and Arrest ANSI Z359.1 ANSI Z359.2 ANSI Z359.3 ANSI Z359.4 ANSI Z359.6 ANSI Z ANSI Z ANSI Z Safety Requirements for Personal Fall Arrest Systems, Subsystems and Components Minimum Requirements for a Comprehensive Managed Fall Protection Program Safety Requirements for Positioning and Travel Restraint Systems Safety Requirements for Assisted-Rescue and Self- Rescue Systems, Subsystems and Components Specifications and Design Requirements for Active Fall Protection Systems Connecting Components for Personal Fall Arrest Systems Personal Energy Absorbers and Energy Absorbing Lanyards Safety Requirements for Self-Retracting Devices for Personal Fall Arrest and Rescue Systems CSA CAN/CSA-Z Full Body Harnesses CSA CAN/CSA-Z Shock Absorbers for Personal Fall Arrest Systems CSA CAN/CSA-Z259.1 Safety Belts and Lanyards* CSA Z Fall Arresters, Vertical Lifelines, and Rails CSA Z Self-Retracting Devices for Personal Fall-Arrest Systems CSA Z Descent Control Devices CSA Z Fall Arresters and Vertical Lifelines CSA Z Connecting Components for Personal Fall Arrest Systems (PFAS) CSA Z Anchorage Connectors CSA Z Design of Active Fall-Protection Systems Developed October 2018 Page 17 of 62

19 11. Fall Arrest System BC Ltd.* Fall Protection Policy A fall arrest system differs from a travel or fall restraint system. Unlike travel restraint, a fall arrest system does not prevent a fall. It reduces the chance of injury when a fall takes place. Therefore, the hazard of falling is always there, but the consequences of a fall in the way of injury are minimized. Fall Arrest is always the last means of protection. A complete fall arrest system consists of an anchorage point (no less then 5000 lbs. of strength), a lifeline, fall arrestor or rope grab, a lanyard (with shock absorber), and a full body safety harness. Always inspect your equipment before using. A 220-lb. worker free falling 1.0 metre (3 ft.) generates an impact force of approximately 2700 lbs. The overall tension while working in a fall arrest situation is not present unless the worker is using a retractable lanyard. Because this slack in the line is there, an obvious force develops in the event of a fall. With this being the case, the anchor being used with this system must have a minimum strength of 5000 pounds. If this cannot be maintained, then another form of Fall Protection shall be used. Developed October 2018 Page 18 of 62

20 11.1 Specifications for a Fall Arrest System BC Ltd.* Fall Protection Policy Anchorage point - The anchorage must be capable of supporting a static load of 5000 lbs. in any direction, with proper provision to accept a lifeline connection. If the anchor is exposed to the elements, it must be corrosion resistant. (The minimum thickness of an eyebolt type anchor is 19 mm (3/4") with a 38 mm (1 1/2") opening diameter.) Lifeline - This is the part of the system that is attached to the anchor point and the user of the system. Lifelines must have a minimum strength equivalent to 60 mm (5/8 inch") diameter polypropylene fibre rope. Lifelines must be properly secured to the anchorage point and be protected from abrasion or damage along their full length. Lifelines may run vertically or horizontally (installed between two or more anchors), depending on the application. Temporary lifelines are made of wire or synthetic rope. Permanent systems may be made of rigid steel or aluminum rails, wire ropes, or similar materials Rope grab - This is a device that automatically locks onto the lifeline when a fall occurs. It is fitted between the lifeline and lanyard and normally slides freely on the lifeline until there is a sudden downward motion. When this sudden motion occurs, the fall arrestor "grabs" the lifeline and holds firmly. Fall arresting mechanisms are also built into retractable lifeline devices that play out and retract as necessary, but hold fast in the event of a fall. (similar to a seat belt in an automobile) Lanyard - A lanyard is an approved device located between the fall arrestor and the worker's safety harness. Lanyards should conform to CSA Z "Fall-Arresting Safety Belts and Lanyards for the Construction and Mining Industries" Shock absorber - This is a device that limits the force applied to the user when a fall occurs. It is designed to absorb the kinetic energy of the fall as the worker is stopped. The shock absorber prevents both injury to the worker and the amount of force transferred to the lifeline and anchor. A shock absorber may be a separate device or built into the lanyard design. Lanyards should conform to CSA Z M92 "Shock Absorbers for Personal Fall Arrest Systems" Full body safety harness - This is a device designed to contain the torso and pelvic area of a worker and to support the worker during and after a fall. A Grade a full-body safety harness conforming to Canadian Standards Association CSA-Z M90 "Full Body Harnesses" is the type to be used for a fall arrest system. Lifelines may be of the fixed length type, adjustable with rope grab or a self-adjusting (retractable) type. Shock absorbing mechanisms are available either incorporated into the lanyard, or as an add-on, and are recommended to be used to lessen the shock to the worker. NOTE: A fall arrest system must be rigged to limit the fall of a worker to a maximum of 4 feet from the point of fall to the point of fall arrest. If a shock absorbing lanyard is used as part of the fall arrest system, a maximum fall of 6-6 is acceptable unless the manufacturer s specifications state less. Developed October 2018 Page 19 of 62

21 12. Potential Fall Forces BC Ltd.* Fall Protection Policy The following provides general information on forces your body receives that could occur in free-falls at different distances Non-Shock Absorbing Lanyard web lanyard with 220 lb. steel weight Distance of Drop Average Force 6 inches 1100 pounds 3 feet 2500 pounds 4 feet 3200 pounds 5 feet 3800 pounds 6 feet 4000 pounds 12.2 Shock Absorbing Lanyard web lanyard with 220 lb. steel weight Distance of Drop Average Force Extension 3 feet 820 pounds 21 inches 4 feet 810 pounds 22 inches 5 feet 822 pounds 28 inches 6 feet 872 pounds 33 inches 7 feet 877 pounds 38 inches 9 feet 1315 pounds 41 inches 10 feet 1654 pounds 42 inches 11.5 feet 2332 pounds 42 inches 12.3 Important Factor One very important consideration to remember at all times when using a Fall Protection Harness and Lanyard is the following. A Fall Arrest System (use of a shock absorbing lanyard) considers that a fall could still accrue there-by decreasing the shock to the body at slack end. A Travel or Fall Restraint System if installed absolutely correctl allows the worker to proceed right up the leading edge of a fall hazard, however at that point the lanyard and life-line stops and prevents a fall. This system by far should be your first choice in specialty PPE when choosing a system. Developed October 2018 Page 20 of 62

22 13. Fall Restraint System BC Ltd.* Fall Protection Policy A fall (travel) restraint system is intended to limit a worker's movement so the worker is unable to reach an edge where there is a risk of falling. The restraint system is made up of a safety belt (or safety harness), lifeline and/or lanyard and anchor. The safety belt is secured to a lifeline that is attached to a secure anchor. The length of the lifeline is such that the worker can only proceed to the working edge and not proceed over that opening or edge. Under no circumstances should a travel restraint system be rigged so that a worker is in a position to fall. While working in certain areas that require free movement, this system is not designed to have constant tension. What does happen is the system advises the worker, by sudden tension, that he has entered the fall hazard area. Safety belts are less common when choosing a fall protection system due to the lack of overall support to the body. These are a grandfathered in style are not to be used by general working staff. Note: Falling in a safety belt could cause serious damage to the back and abdominal areas. Safety belts must only be used for fall restraint systems. Developed October 2018 Page 21 of 62

23 14. Vertical Lifelines BC Ltd.* Fall Protection Policy There are many misunderstandings in regard to lifelines and the use of them. All workers and contractors employed by BC Ltd. will be required to know the proper requirements of vertical lifelines due to the frequent need for them in our industry. Just the word Lifeline is quite self-explanatory to move one to be familiar with its requirements and proper use. All employees of BC Ltd. shall adhere to the following general requirements for Vertical Lifelines: 1. Vertical lifelines shall meet the requirements of CSA Standard Z259.2-M1979 (Fall Arresting Devices, Personnel Lowering Devices, and Lifelines.) Any other lifeline material shall be one acceptable to the board first. 2. A vertical lifeline will have a breaking strength of no less than 5000 lbs. 3. If a vertical lifeline has a knot in it, the knot must (a) be at the end only, (b) not reduce the breaking strength of the lifeline below 5000 lbs. 4. Wire rope may be used for a vertical lifeline unless a hazard of contact with energized electrical is present. 5. Vertical lifelines must be protected from abrasion from corners or other sharp edges at points of attachment. 6. When tools are used that could sever, or damage the lifeline in any manner, a wire rope line must be used. 7. All vertical lifelines must extend to a minimum of 4-0 from the ground or other safe surface. 8. No vertical lifeline must exceed a maximum length of 300 feet unless authorized by the Board. 9. When using a vertical lifeline system with a non-shock absorbing lanyard, the fall of a worker to the point of where fall arrest takes place, shall not exceed a distance of When a shock absorbing lanyard is used as part of the fall protection system, the fall distance to the point of fall arrest shall not exceed a distance of Vertical lifelines will be used in such a manner that minimizes any swing fall hazard. 12. Only one lifeline may be attached to a single anchor point at any given time. 13. Only one worker may be attached to a vertical lifeline at any time. Two workers must not use the same vertical lifeline or anchor point. Developed October 2018 Page 22 of 62

24 15. Horizontal Lifelines BC Ltd.* Fall Protection Policy In some areas of our scope of work at BC Ltd., a vertical lifeline may not be practical for the activities being carried out. This may require the use of a horizontal lifeline. Because there is a vast difference in the requirements of a horizontal lifeline all workers and contractors employed by BC Ltd., shall follow the guidelines set out below and will make themselves familiar with them Temporary Horizontal Restraint System All temporary horizontal lifelines used in a restraint situation by BC Ltd., employees and subcontractors shall be designed and rigged so as to provide a load capacity of minimum 800 lbs. per worker. If a system is used which is designed from a certain manufacturer, then the manufacturer s requirements shall be followed for the load capacity provided it is not lower than 800 lbs Temporary Horizontal Arrest System A professional engineer shall design temporary horizontal lifelines used in a fall arrest situation unless the following requirements are adhered to when BC Ltd. chooses to develop their own: 1. The horizontal lifeline must be made only of wire rope with a minimum diameter of ½. 2. The breaking strength of the lifeline must be a minimum of at least 20,000 lbs. 3. No splices may be present anywhere in a horizontal lifeline except at the ends. 4. All hardware used in the connection of the lifeline (i.e., shackles, turnbuckles, etc.) shall have a load capacity of 16,000 lbs. 5. The span of a horizontal lifeline shall be a minimum of twenty (20) feet, but will not exceed a length of sixty (60) feet maximum. If for some reason there is a need to have 6. a horizontal lifeline in excess of sixty (60) feet, a support in between must be designed and meet the specifications of an end anchor set out below. 7. End anchor of the horizontal lifeline shall have a load capacity of no less than 16,000 lbs. 8. The unloaded sag in a horizontal lifeline must be as follows: the overall length divided by The elevation of a horizontal lifeline must be a minimum of 39 above the working surface. 10. The free fall distance must be maximum A minimum of twelve (12) feet of unobstructed clearance will be available below the work surface. 12. A maximum of three (3) workers may be connected to a horizontal lifeline at any given time. 13. The horizontal lifeline shall not impede the activities of the workers and must be designed and set up so as to avoid this problem. Developed October 2018 Page 23 of 62

25 16. Lanyards / Connecting Equipment There are only a few things to know about lanyards and different connecting equipment for a personal fall protection system. The most important is that all connection devices must be rated for a minimum of 5000lbs. All employees and contractors shall be familiar with these requirements due to the fact that these components connect the workers to a lifeline or anchor. Restraint lanyards are one solid piece, no shock absorber. and can come in various lengths from.6 M (20 ft.) up to 1.8 M (6 ft.) 16.1 Lanyards Lanyards come in three (3) common types: 1. Webbed type lanyards; 2. Synthetic rope and 3. Wire rope. Lanyards also come designed in three (3) ways: 1. Straight lanyards; 2. Lanyard with shock absorber; 3. Retractable lanyards Chain Rebar/Positioning Lanyard These are used for hands free positioning on a vertical rebar grid so the installers (rod busters) can tie the rebar together. These are mostly chain yet some are a web design. Standard lengths are from 45 cm (18 inches) to 60 cm (24 inches) Retractable lanyards Are one of the best lanyards for freedom of mobility without the hazard of lifelines getting tangled and or creating a tripping hazard. In some cases, if the manufactures have specified, some retractable like the miller scorpion can be inverted All lanyards must meet all requirements of CSA Standard CAN/USA Z or other standards acceptable to WorkSafe B.C. Anytime workers are working with tools that could sever, burn or cause any other damage to the lanyard, a wire rope lanyard must be used with the personal fall protection system unless the worker is working near an energized electrical conductor. In this case two non-conductive lanyards must be used at one time or another form of a fall protection system chosen. All snap hooks on a lanyard must be of a self-locking type and be in good maintenance. Always inspect the lanyard daily along with all your personal fall protection. Developed October 2018 Page 24 of 62

26 16.4 Shock Absorbers No fall arrest system may be used unless a shock absorber is used in the lanyard component. Shock absorbers must meet the requirements of CSA Standard CAN/USA Z M92 Shock Absorbers for Personal Fall Arrest Systems, or other standards acceptable to the Board. An allowance must be made for the use of a shock absorber on a fall protection system. That allowance must be based on the maximum fall of 6-foot 6-inch to the point of arrest. If a fall occurs, the shock absorber (a section of lanyard folded over, stitched together and encased in plastic, or stitched up and squished into a hollow section of the lanyard) will unravel and deploy. This action slows the descending workers velocity to the lanyard finally reaches slack end Snap Hooks Snap Hooks are what we use at the end of our lanyard for a connection point to lifelines or anchors. The smaller hook is for straps or rings. The larger one is a scaffold hook and the third is a Peri Form Hook. This is a special hook for clipping into Concrete steel forms. Developed October 2018 Page 25 of 62

27 16.7 Rope Grabs There are two types of mechanical rope grabs: automatic and manual. There are only a few things to remember when using a rope grab. These are: 1. Always inspect the rope grab before use. Check for deformities and excessive wear. 2. Test the rope grab to ensure it is functioning properly. 3. Rope grabs must meet CSA Standard Z259.2 or other standards acceptable to the Board. 4. Make sure the rope grab is suitable for the diameter of rope you are using and your weight class! Automatic The automatic (or mobile) rope grab moves along the lifeline with you. If there is a fall, it will automatically lock and stop you after a short distance. If an automatic rope grab is used it is advisable to use a shorter lanyard Manual This is the best type for use with a fall restraint system. It does not move freely as you move and is always in the lock position. If you need to move it, this must be done by hand Carabiners Carabiners will be designed with self-closing latches to prevent inadvertent opening during work activities. Carabiners shall have a load capacity of no less than 5000 lbs. and must have this load capacity clearly identified on the carabiner along with the manufacturer s identification. Developed October 2018 Page 26 of 62

28 17. Anchors BC Ltd.* Fall Protection Policy Employees and contractors of BC Ltd. shall ensure that they have knowledge of the anchor system and its requirements. At various times, good judgment will need to be used when determining the integrity of certain structures that may be used as an anchor. Supervisors must closely monitor this area with workers to ensure that all risk is eliminated from guessing. Only one worker is allowed to tie off to a single anchor point at any time. If an anchor has been designed to support more than one worker, it must be certified to do so by a certified professional engineer with documentation of this readily available at the site where this system is being used. If a worker is using a temporary plate-anchor, this device must be removed on completion of the work for which the temporary anchor was intended. When using a temporary anchor in a fall restraint system, it must have a minimum load capacity of no less than 800 lbs. in any direction the load may be applied. If a permanent anchor is used in this situation, the anchor must have a minimum load capacity of no less than 5000 lbs. and must be certified by a certified professional engineer Fall Arrest Anchors When using a temporary anchor in a fall arrest system, it must have a minimum load capacity of no less than 5000 lbs. in any direction the load may be applied. When using a fall arrest system with a permanent anchor, it must be certified by a professional engineer as having the required load capacity and this documentation readily available Vent Rod Anchors When using a roof vent with a temporary slide in anchor, five (5) things must be kept in mind; 1. The system may only be used in a restraint situation for work positioning; 2. There must be no slack in the line while the worker is at the edge of the work surface; 3. The anchor must be placed as far as possible (min. 4 into the vent) and the eyelet of the anchor screwed down until it sits on the top of the vent. 4. Temporary vent anchors must not be used on vents that are plastic, rusted or on structures that do not have the plumbing hooked up, or inside walls bracing or studs around the vent. 5. Remember the minimum 800 lb. load capacity in a restraint system rule! Note: Using plumbing stacks or a vent stack is not permitted! Developed October 2018 Page 27 of 62

29 17.3 Standards for Removal Both CSA Z and Z require that anchorage systems be provided with instructions for inspection, maintenance, and retirement of the system and all of its components and that company s follow the recommended frequencies and procedures for inspection and maintenance. In addition, there are specified criteria for removal of an anchorage connector from service if it has deformed from its original installed configuration. CSA also specifies that an anchor is not to be altered, relocated, or modified with additional anchorage connectors. ANSI Z359.2 specifies inspections by an authorized person prior to use and at least annually by a qualified or competent person in accordance with the manufacturer's or a qualified person's instructions. In addition, this standard recommends recertification of anchorage systems at regular intervals. The design, type, location, size of structural members, the type of anchorage connector, and the environment and weather conditions dictate how often such an anchorage system should be inspected and re-certified. ANSI Z359.2 specifies that a fall protection anchorage system is to be removed from service when any inspection reveals that it may no longer serve the required function, that it may be unsafe due to damage or wear, or if the required inspection interval has been exceeded Certification by an Engineer The following types of equipment and systems, and their installation, must be certified by a professional engineer: Permanent anchors; Anchors with multiple attachment points; Permanent horizontal lifeline systems; and Support structures for safety nets 17.4 Other Temporary Anchors Condor temporary concrete anchors are quick and easy to use. A hole is drilled into cured concrete, the anchor is inserted, and the force of it pull upwards wedges the device solid in place. Capacity of 310 lbs., Tensile strength of 5000 lbs. Ring dia. Of 1 ½ inches (specs may vary with different types and brands) always read the manufactures instructions and follow PPE procedures when drilling into concrete I-Beam anchors are widely used by the Iron Workers and Erectors. By sliding the jaws around the top plate of an I-beam a worker can move across the beam without much limitations. Capacity of 410 lbs. and a capacity of 5000 lbs. (specs may vary with different types and brands) Always read the manufactures instructions Developed October 2018 Page 28 of 62

30 Winged roof anchors straddle over the ridge and screws hold the plate in place on the sheeting of a roof. Steel plates rated at a minimum of 5000 lbs. tensile strength and a capacity of 425 lbs. The week link is this system is the pull strength of the screws and wood sheeting. Always read the manufactures instructions. (specs may vary with different types and brands) Straps are one of the least expensive ways to anchor yourself. Light and easy to use, but they do have limitations. If any stress is placed upon them, they must be decommissioned. Do not use on a rough surface with a potential to cut. Do not nail through them of use a marker on them. Rated at 5000 lbs. tensile and 425 lbs. capacity. Developed October 2018 Page 29 of 62

31 18.Calculate Falling Distance and the Proper System 18.1 Swing Fall Hazards Many workers are unaware of the serious results of a swing fall hazard. The reality of it all is, if a worker ties to an anchor and the lifeline and the worker are at too much of an angle perpendicular to the anchor, a swing fall in this situation can have the same serious results of a fall to the ground. Retractable lanyards assist in minimizing the risk of creating a swing fall hazard. There is no set required angle as to a lifeline, worker and the anchor. What BC Ltd. will use to ensure that a minimum risk is present with regards to swing fall is a 22 Rule of thumb Free Fall Before starting any task that requires you to work at a height of 3 meters (10 feet) or more and within the distance of 2 meters (6.5 feet) from a leading edge, you will have to calculate the distance to the surface below and the correct Personal Fall Protection Gear you will require. Doing the math is one of the most important first steps. The figure below shows just how far you will fall when you calculate the lanyard / life line, freefall, stretch, your height, and total distance to the surface below. Never assume one location is the same as the other even if they are just 20 feet apart. After you calculate the distance select the correct Fall Protection System to use. Many workers believe that they have time to regain their balance before they fall this is not always true. You may not have time to grab hold of something safe, but you can still prevent a tragedy. Properly maintained and worn, a safety belt or full body harness attached to a secure anchor could save your life. Developed October 2018 Page 30 of 62

32 19. Full Body Harness and Safety Belts BC Ltd. employees and contractors will ensure that proper equipment is worn when choosing a fall protection system. This portion is designed to help familiarize workers with body harnesses 19.1 Full Body Harness A full body harness consists of straps over the shoulders, across the chest, and around the legs. There are a vast amount of styles and classifications. In the event that a worker does fall, a full body harness will protect the body as opposed to just a plain safety belt. This is why full body harnesses are mandatory when a fall arrest system is used. All full body harnesses must meet the requirements of CSA Standard CAN/USA Z M90, or other acceptable standards to the Board. Body harnesses must fit snug to the body to prevent increased bodily damage in case of a fall. Note: If a body harness is used in a fall, it must be taken out of service immediately until re-certified by the manufacturer Harnesses Class There are a multitude of manufacturers of fall protection harnesses yet only a few classifications. The Canadian Standards Association (CSA) regulates the classifications for full body harnesses. A harness can have more than one classification; however, all full body harnesses must meet the requirements for class A Fall Arrest. CAN/CSA-Z Class A Fall Arrest Class A harnesses are designed to protect workers when they are ten feet or more above the ground. They support the body during and after a fall. Dorsal (back) D-rings are used for fall protection. They slide on impact, keeping the worker in a upright position Class D Suspension and Controlled Descent Class D harnesses are used to support and hold a worker while being raised and lowered. There is one sternal (front) D-ring and one dorsal (back) D-ring. The sternal D-ring is used for attachment to a descent device Class E Limited Access Class E harnesses are designed to raise or lower a worker through a confined area. Shoulder D-rings serve as anchorage points for attaching an extraction yoke or other rescue device. The D-rings slide on the shoulder strap for optimal positioning of the worker Class L Ladder Climbing Class L harnesses are designed for use with a certified fall arrester that travels on a vertical lifeline or a rail. Sternal (front) D-rings are used for attachment to the vertical system Class P Work Positioning Class P harnesses will hold and sustain a worker at a specific location, allowing full use of the hands, while limiting any free fall to two feet or less. Side D-rings at waist level are used for positioning and restraint. Safety belts are in this class. It is also feasible to have classifications styles combined due to added D-Rings and there are female versions as well with different poisoning of frontal straps Donning a Harness Developed October 2018 Page 31 of 62

33 Before Donning a harness, remove all items from your pant pockets. If by some misfortune a fall did occur items such as keys may become imbedded into your legs due to the force exerted on your body at full deployment of a shock absorber and slack end of the lanyard. As well any bulky clothing with medal or sharp buttons and any belts for your pants you may be wearing. Step 1. Hold harness by back D-ring. Shake harness to allow all straps to fall in place. If any are knotted, un knot them carful as to not damage or deform any components of your harness. Step 2. If chest, leg and/or waist straps are buckled, release straps and unbuckle at this time. Always keeping an eye out for any damage that might have been missed during the inspection. Step 3. Slip the top straps over your shoulders so the D-ring is located in middle of back between shoulder blades. This is the exact position the D ring needs to be for balance and comfort during a fall. If its position lower or higher on the back, a risk of physical damage to yourself and or falling out is increased. Step 4. Pull the leg strap between your legs and connect to opposite end. Repeat with the second leg strap. If belted harness, connect waist strap after leg straps. These leg straps must be snug so as to only allow 2 fingers to wedge in between the leg straps and your legs. (Men might need to perform an adjustment during this procedure). Some accidents in the past have resulted in a catastrophic injury due to loss straps. Step 5. Connect your chest strap and position in the mid chest area (nipple to nipple). If you have it any higher, a choking hazard or a serious neck injury may occur. Any lower and you might fall out. Tighten to keep shoulder straps taut. Again only 2 fingers of snug space. Step 6. After all straps have been buckled, tighten all buckles so that the harness fits snug but allows full range of movement. Pass excess strap through loop keepers, or bundle them up and use some construction string to secure them. Never has loose of dandling straps hanging from your harness. They could get caught and damaged. Developed October 2018 Page 32 of 62

34 Step 7. Both you and your partner should inspect each other s harness, strap position, D ring location and even snugness. As well you will need another worker to connect your lanyard to your D ring. Protect Each Other. 20. Fall Protection Equipment Inspection 20.1 General Equipment Requirements Inspect your equipment daily. Replace defective equipment. If there is any doubt about the safety of the equipment, do not use it. Replace any equipment, including ropes, involved in a fall. Refer any questionable defects to a trained inspector. A trained inspector should examine equipment at least yearly. It is advisable to use shock absorbers if the arresting forces of the lanyard alone can cause injury. Use the right equipment for the job. Refer to CSA Standard Z "Safety Belts and Lanyards" or Z M90 "Full Body Harnesses" Harness, Belt and Lanyard Webbing Inspect the entire surface of webbing for damage. Beginning at one end, bend the webbing in an inverted "U." Holding the body side of the belt toward you, grasp the belt with your hands six to eight inches apart. Watch for frayed edges, broken fibers, pulled stitches, cuts or chemical damage. Broken webbing strands generally appear as tufts on the webbing surface. Replace according to manufacturers' guidelines. Developed October 2018 Page 33 of 62

35 20.3 Buckle Inspection BC Ltd.* Fall Protection Policy Inspect for loose, distorted or broken grommets. Do not cut or punch additional holes in waist strap or strength members. Check belt without grommets for torn or elongated holes that could cause the buckle tongue to slip. Inspect the buckle for distortion and sharp edges. The outer and center bars must be straight. Carefully check corners and attachment points of the center bar. They should overlap the buckle frame and move freely back and forth in their sockets. The roller should turn freely on the frame. Check that rivets are tight and cannot be moved. The body side of the rivet base and outside rivet burr should be flat against the material. Make sure the rivets are not bent. Inspect for pitted or cracked rivets that show signs of chemical corrosion Rope Inspection Rotate the rope lanyard and inspect from end to end for fuzzy, worn, broken or cut fibers. Weakened areas have noticeable changes in the original rope diameter. Replace when the rope diameter is not uniform throughout, following a short break-in period. The older a rope is and the more use it gets, the more important testing and inspection become Harness / Belt Snaps and D Rings Inspect hardware for cracks or other defects. Replace the belt if the "D" ring is not at a 90 angle and does not move vertically independent of the body pad or "D" saddle. Inspect tool loops and belt sewing for broken or stretched loops. Check bag rings and knife snaps to see that they are secure and working properly. Check tool loop rivets. Check for thread separation or rotting, both inside and outside the body pad belt. Inspect snaps for hook and eye distortions, cracks, corrosion, or pitted surfaces. The keeper (latch) should be seated into the snap nose without binding and should not be distorted or obstructed. The keeper spring should exert sufficient force to close the keeper firmly Equipment Cleaning Basic care prolongs the life of the unit and contributes to its performance. Wipe off all surface dirt with a sponge dampened in plain water. Rinse the sponge and squeeze it dry. Dip the sponge in a mild solution of water and commercial soap or detergent. Work up a thick lather with a vigorous back and forth motion. Rinse the webbing in clean water. Wipe the belt dry with a clean cloth. Hang freely to dry. Dry the belt and other equipment away from direct heat, and out of long periods of sunlight. Store in a clean, dry area, free of fumes, sunlight or corrosive materials and in such a way that it does not warp or distort the belt. Developed October 2018 Page 34 of 62

36 20.7 Removal from service It s very simple. During a pre-shift and prior to using inspection, if it appears broken DON T USE IT. In the event of a fall, all associated gear must be tagged out of service until inspected by the manufacture of the harness and lanyard. In the case of permanent anchors, anchors with multiple attachment points, permanent horizontal lifeline systems, and support structures for safety nets an engineer must recertify it again before it can be used. In the case of synch straps, any stress on them must be tagged out for use in a PFPS. A Good Rule of Thumb When in doubt, toss it out The only time a removed harness or lanyard can be reused after a fall is in the case of a Rescue Scenario. Developed October 2018 Page 35 of 62

37 20.8 WorkSafe BC Regulations BC Ltd.* Fall Protection Policy If, at any time, a permanent anchor does not meet the requirements of section 11.5 (c), the anchor must not be used until it has been inspected and recertified, by a professional engineer, as meeting the requirements of section 11.5 (c). (1) After a fall protection system has arrested the fall of a worker, it must (a) be removed from service, and (b) not be returned to service until it has been inspected and recertified as safe for use by the manufacturer or its authorized agent, or by a professional engineer. (2) Subject to subsection (3), subsection (1) (b) does not apply to a personal fall protection system designed and intended for reuse by a performer in the entertainment industry for conducting a planned fall sequence. (3) The following conditions must be met before a personal fall protection system described in subsection (2) will be exempt from subsection (1) (b): (a) the system must be designed and used in accordance with a standard acceptable to the Board; (b) each use of the system must be carried out in accordance with the plan for the conduct of the fall; (c) the peak arrest forces generated in the system during each use must be at or below both the planned limits and the maximum forces allowed for the system; (d) after each use of the system no part of the system, including the anchorage, may be reused until a qualified person has inspected it and determined it is in serviceable condition and safe for reuse. Developed October 2018 Page 36 of 62

38 20.9 Fall Protection Equipment Inspection Form Harness Manufacturer Manufacture Date Unique ID Number Purchase Date Personal Equipment or Company equipment Inspection Date Worker Information Yes/No Certification Number Workers Name: Training Company Name: Expiry Date: Years of Training: Instructions This checklist is designed to assist with inspection of the body harness and its attachments for wear, defects or damage. Inspection of fall protection equipment is a regulated requirement to be done before each use as well as once a year. Failure of the inspection process or loss of faith in any component indicates the entire unit must be removed from service. Loss of faith can be for a multitude of reasons, such as a fall, contact with a bad substance, or other obvious damage (i.e. dropped off roof, run over by a truck, stains) to age. If there are reasons not listed on the inspection form, loss of faith would be selected. The completed inspection checklist must be maintained so it is readily available for review. Note: This is a sample checklist that may need to be modified to meet site specific requirements, standards or practice and/or specific manufacturer s instructions for variations of approved fall protection equipment. WEBBING YES NO N/A LOSS of FAITH PASS FAIL INITIAL DETAILS / COMMENTS UV damage discoloration), mildew, rotting Cuts, frays, abrasion Contact with chemicals solvents Contact with grease, oil, paint, felt marker Soiling, dirt, clay Evidence of heat damage (friction, welding splatter, sparks, burn holes) D RINGS (includes hardware, keepers and back pads) YES NO N/A LOSS of FAITH PASS FAIL INITIAL DETAILS / COMMENTS Damage Distortion, grooved, bent Sharp edges, cracks Burrs Corrosion Evidence of heat damage (friction, welding splatter, sparks, burn holes) Developed October 2018 Page 37 of 62

39 BUCKLES & ADJUSTERS YES NO N/A LOSS of FAITH PASS FAIL INITIAL DETAILS / COMMENTS Damage Distortion Sharp edges, cracks Sticky springs Bent tongues Corrosion SNAP HOOKS YES NO N/A LOSS of FAITH PASS FAIL INITIAL DETAILS / COMMENTS Excessive wear Excessive dirt Sharp edges, cracks 2 Action open Locking action Corrosion STITCHING YES NO N/A LOSS of FAITH PASS FAIL INITIAL DETAILS / COMMENTS Fully stitched Backstitch present Pulled or cut stitches LABELS & MARKINGS YES NO N/A LOSS of FAITH PASS FAIL INITIAL DETAILS / COMMENTS Appropriate CSA o r A N S I markings or labels Legible Securely held in place Manufacturer s in-service date Developed October 2018 Page 38 of 62

40 LANYARDS & LIFELINES YES NO N/A LOSS of FAITH PASS FAIL INITIAL DETAILS / COMMENTS Appropriate CSA or ANSI markings or labels Cuts, burns, tears or frays Abrasion Knots Excessive soiling Contact with chemicals / solvents Contact with grease / oil / paint/ marker UV damage (discoloration), mildew, rotting Evidence of heat damage (friction, welding splatter, sparks, burn holes) Distortion of housing Spring tension allows for retraction and for retention Indicator for activation / deployed Broken wires Over All Condition And Disposition Accepted Rejected Inspected By: Date: If worker has record of training or certification, foreman or supervisor must declare. I the supervisor of declare that he/she is fully competent in the skills of Personal Fall Protection in regards to inspecting the equipment prior to shift, dawning the harness, how to tie off to an anchor of sufficient strength for the style of lanyard used and how to assist is a rescue if another worker falls. Supervisors Signature Date Company Additional Notes: Developed October 2018 Page 39 of 62

41 21. Rope and Knots Knots weaken the breaking strength of a lifeline sometimes by as much as 50%. That is why a knot should only be at the end of a lifeline. The objective of tying a knot in a fall arrest system is to tie the knot without weakening your fall arrest system below 5000 lbs. Tests have proven that a bowline knot can reduce the breaking strength of a lifeline by 50%. A double figure 8 knot can reduce the breaking strength of a lifeline by 25%. This is why a figure 8 knot should be used. Tests have also shown that a spliced eye lifeline with a D -clip can reduce a lifeline by 10%. This would, of course, be the best system to use, but not all lifelines come with a spliced eye. Another acceptable method of tying a lifeline is to wrap the line around an anchor or column three (3) times and tying a regular knot to prevent the hitch from coming undone. This is known as a tensionless hitch. Developed October 2018 Page 40 of 62

42 21.1 Tensionless Hitch Best Okay Weakest Figure 8 ILLUSTRATION OF HOW THE SHAPE OF AN ANCHOR CHANGES LINE STRENGTH Developed October 2018 Page 41 of 62

43 22. Control Zone BC Ltd.* Fall Protection Policy The Control Zone must consist of a safe distance from the working edge. This safe distance is a minimum of 6-6 and be marked with RED tape. The Control Zone only provides a warning to workers that, beyond that warning barrier, there exists a serious fall hazard. Workers are not required to wear a personal fall protection system while working beyond this barrier provided there is a safety monitor provided during this activity. This Control Zone area must be consistently monitored when work is performed outside the warning barrier. The monitoring procedures are developed in the next topic under: Safety Monitor. Control Zones shall not be used as a fall protection system where the surface would exceed a slope in excess of 4 verticals in 12 horizontals, on a skeletal structure or in the scaffold erection or dismantle process Control Zone Width As mentioned above, the minimum width of the Control Zone will be 6-6. Special consideration will be given to situations such as slippery or sloped surfaces or certain machinery being used in the Control Zone. This may require additional distance to the required work area in the Control Zone to eliminate increased potential hazard. SAFE ZONE AREA CONTROL ZONE 6-6 in width) Warning Designation The Control Zone must be marked with a raised warning line or with some other equally effective means to ensure that workers are aware of a fall hazard beyond this warning when required to do work. The raised line must be that of a high visibility material or a frequently flagged line clearly marked with high visibility materials. The frequency of these markings or flagging shall not exceed a distance of 6-6 maximum. The warning line or barrier shall be maintained at a height throughout of between 34 inches minimum and 45 inches maximum above the working surface. Developed October 2018 Page 42 of 62

44 23. Safety Monitor A control zone Safety Monitor plays an integral role in the safe work of workers working in the fall hazard area. This system will allow the monitor to verbally alert workers in the hazard zone of potential hazards when the worker is carrying out his activities. The Control Zone and Safety Monitor must be used, as a last resort system when all other fall protection systems have been considered impracticable. This situation could arise from the nonexistence of anchors for a personal fall protection system, or the fact that the work process will cause greater risk if a personal fall protection system is used. A site-specific plan must be put in place with procedures provided for the work taking place and the workers on site must review these procedures before any activities take place with regards to the Control Zone and Safety Monitor system Safety Monitor Duties 1. The Safety Monitor must be experienced in all aspects of the work he is overseeing. 2. The safety monitor must be trained in the duties of a safety monitor. 3. The monitor must be present at all times that work is being carried out. 4. A safety monitor must have authority over all workers working in the fall hazard area. 5. A safety monitor must have a clear view of all workers in the fall hazard zone and not be positioned with his back to any of these workers. 6. Workers must be close enough to the monitor to hear or have verbal communication with them, even with machinery operating The Monitor must have high visibility apparel on so as to be easily seen or noticed. Developed October 2018 Page 43 of 62

45 24. Site Specific Fall Protection Plan 24.1 Responsibility All sites at which BC Ltd. takes responsibility as the General or Prime Contractor, or Management Company, shall develop, before beginning the work activities, a Site-Specific Fall Protection Plan for work being performed over an elevation of 25 feet. Management and supervisors for BC Ltd. or their sub-contractors performing the work will ensure that these plans be developed together to enable a safe work environment using proper procedures. Supervisors shall ensure that the plan is complete and foremen will ensure that these plans are readily available to be reviewed by all workers involved in the activities on the roof or elevated surface. These site-specific plans must be available at all times for reference by all BC Ltd. employees, their contractors and WorkSafe BC officers. Before any work, requiring fall protection takes place, all workers involved will review the sitespecific plan and commence work having a thorough knowledge of the work to be performed. This will enable them to recognize beforehand, the hazards involved in the job and also to familiarize themselves with the fall protection system(s) which they will be using. Whenever a trained safety monitor is used, he must address the duties for the control zone, if one will be used, he must also sign the site fall protection plan and be prepared to present qualification (Safety Monitor training certificate) to a board officer if requested. The foreman or CSO must also sign this plan for that site. And present for all safety meeting regarding the plan, work area and any other issues that may arise. 24.2Basic Requirements An Effective Site-Specific Fall Protection Plan Basic Requirements are: Regulations 11.3 (1) The company must have a written fall protection plan for a workplace if a) work is being done at a location where workers are not protected by permanent guardrails, and from which a fall of 7.5 m (25 ft) or more may occur (2) The fall protection plan must be available at the workplace before work with a risk of falling begins. WorkSafe BC list the Elements of a written fall protection plan as follows The fall hazards expected in each work area The fall protection system or systems to be used in each area The procedures to assemble, maintain, inspect, use, and disassemble the fall protection system or systems The inspection requirements for the anchors and anchorage used and the respective rejection criteria (refer to OHS Guideline G11.10(0.1) Fall protection anchors - Inspection and removal from service) The procedures for rescue of a worker who has fallen and is suspended by a personal fall protection system or safety net, but is unable to self-rescue Developed October 2018 Page 44 of 62

46 In certain locations and situations, the company may meet the need for rescue procedures by participating in the Industrial High Angle Rope Rescue Program discussed in OHS Guideline G4.13(3)(a) Industrial high angle rope rescue program. Where a fall protection plan may not be required by the Regulation, the company must still consider the need for rescue or evacuation under section Documentation Here is another structured Site-Specific Fall Protection Plan documentation form This plan consists of 12 sections. General Information 1. Heights, Distance and System 2. Identify all fall hazards associated with this task 3. Safety In place 4. Fall Protection Equipment/System to Be Used 5. Ladder Usage 6. Scope of Work (SOW) 7. Procedure(S) For Special Assembly, Maintenance, Inspection, Use and Disassembly of The Fall Protection System(S) 8. User instructions of the fall protection system(s) 9. Rescues procedures for the rescue of a fallen worker (this could be a separate document but must be attached) 10. Sketch of the Job Site 11. Individuals in The Work Area Developed October 2018 Page 45 of 62

47 24.4 Site Specific Fall Protection Plan Form BC Ltd.* Fall Protection Policy 11.3 Fall protection plan (1) The employer must have a written fall protection plan for a workplace if (a) work is being done at a location where workers are not protected by permanent guardrails, and from which a fall of 7.5 m (25 ft.) or more may occur, or (b) 11.2 (5) If subsection (4) is not practicable, or will result in a hazard greater than if a fall arrest system or a rope access system was not used, the employer must ensure that work procedures are followed that are acceptable to the Board and minimize the risk of injury to a worker from a fall. (2) The fall protection plan must be available at the workplace before work with a risk of falling begins. General Information Site Address: Date: Site Description: On Site Location of Work: Task: Superintendent: Task Supervisor: Phone Number: Heights, Distance and System Hight Worker will be: Roof Slope (if applicable) Distance to Powerlines: CSO * OFA: Company: Number of Workers: Max Hight of Structure: Are they Covered? Type of Fall Protection to be used: Fall or Travel Restraint Guard Rails in place Fall Arrest Safety Control Zone Safety Monitor Mobile Equipment to be used Identify all fall hazards associated with this task: Developed October 2018 Page 46 of 62

48 Safety In place First Aid Attendant on Location Area below taped off Rescue Plan in Place Mandatory PPE is being worn Plan for Debris Removal in Place Hazards Removed or Engineered Out Mark (X ) all fall protection equipment/system to be used (refer to 11.3(3) (b) Fall Protection plan): Fall Arrest Anchors Fall Restraint Anchors Slings / Synch Straps Spectra Sling (5000 lbs.) Cable Dog Leash Condor Concrete Anchor Winged Roof Plates I-Beam Clamp Structural Anchor Point Carabineers Other Horizontal. Life Line Safety Monitor Temporary Guardrails Vertical Life Line Rope size and Rope Grab Full Body Harness Waist Belt and Belly Straps or Chains Lanyard * Fall Arrest Lanyard * Fall Restraint Retractable Lanyard. Other Ladder Usage Set up on a firm and level base Roof Access 3 rungs, 1 Meter or 3 past top 4:1 Ratio * Vertical to Horizontal Secured at top and bottom Scope of Work (SOW) What is the nature of the work? If changes occur, stop and revise this document and inform all parties involved. If you need more room, use the reverse side of this document, or attach a separate piece of paper to the back Developed October 2018 Page 47 of 62

49 Procedure(s) for special assembly, maintenance, inspection, use and disassembly of the fall protection system(s) (Attach pre-printed manufacture s procedures, if required). User instructions of the fall protection system(s); (Attach pre-printed manufacture s procedures as required) Rescues procedures for the rescue of a fallen worker: Developed October 2018 Page 48 of 62

50 Sketch Out the Job Site This area may be used for sketching out the job site or roofline. It may also be used for a rescue plan or task planning Map Legend (What s on the map) Icon Description Icon Description As per the Fall Protection Program. All Personal involved and Participation in the work at hand must attend a Toolbox Meeting prior to work. Mandatory. Developed October 2018 Page 49 of 62

51 All individuals in the work area must know the location and contents of the fall protection work plan. The individuals signing below have ensured that all work and fall protection considerations described within this work plan are known and understood by all those affected by this plan. Company: Supervisor: Name (please print) Signature Date Name (please print) Signature Date Name (please print) Signature Date Name (please print) Signature Date Name (please print) Signature Date Name (please print) Signature Date Name (please print) Signature Date Name (please print) Signature Date Notes If you need more room, use the reverse side of this document, or attach a separate piece of paper to the back Developed October 2018 Page 50 of 62

52 24.5 Fallen Worker Rescue BC Ltd. has provided explicit direction to our employees and our contractors in the unlikely event of a worker fall. We feel that all of our workers must have good knowledge of these procedures due to the fact that an injured worker requires knowledgeable personnel to assist in preventing further injury and recovery. If a worker does fall while using his personal fall protection system, and is hanging by this protective equipment, the following procedures will be executed: 1. Determine whether the fallen worker is able to get back safely without endangering himself. (i.e., a secondary landing) 2. Assist the worker in getting on to the landing safely. **Note** The rescuer must use a fall protection system while conducting this rescue procedure. 3. Alert the site first aid attendant and ask him / her to check for any injuries. 4. Report the incident to your supervisor, and determine why the fall occurred. **NOTE**: If the worker is unable to perform a self-rescue due to injuries or other significant reasons, the following procedures must be performed, written down and be part of the Site-Specific Fall Protection Plan: (15 minutes is the maximum time a person can be hanging in their harness without significant life altering damage) 1. Dial 911 and alert Emergency Services. Inform them that you have a worker that has fallen and is suspended. State his condition! 2. Have a worker sound a horn for a RESCUE to alert all personal on site that a worker has fallen and needs immediate help. 1 long followed by 1 short airhorn blast. TIME IS CRUCIAL IN THIS SITUATION 3. Use ladders, scissor lifts, boom trucks or other elevated lift platforms to help rescue the worker if possible, and as a last resort, only a trained person may be suspended by the crane if one is on site to rescue the worker. (transferring to another lanyard) 4. Direct the fire and ambulance personnel to the suspended worker. **Note**: Do not attempt to remove the fallen worker from their harness while they are still hanging. This could further endanger the fallen worker and yourself. Harnesses must only be removed after the worker is on a solid surface, post rescue. Developed October 2018 Page 51 of 62

53 25. Suspension Trauma BC Ltd.* Fall Protection Policy After a worker has fallen and hit slack bottom, they will be confused they might be dizzy, sweaty and some may even show other signs of shock like rapid breathing and pulse rate. After which the pule rate and blood pressure will drop below normal followed by loss of conscienceless. In the position they are in, the head will slum forward, the chin will rest on their chest or slightly off to one side cutting off their airway. Death in a forgone conclusion if they are not rescued soon Orthostatic Hypotension: In suspension trauma, this refers to the pooling of blood in the leg veins of a worker that occurs when individuals fall in harnesses, are suspended in confined spaces, etc. and are forced to hang vertically with their legs relaxed (immobilized) Reflow Syndrome: The return of pooled, hypoxic blood and its metabolic byproducts from the extremities to the heart (more about this later) Rescue Death: When related to suspension trauma, this type of death occurs in patients who appear physiologically stable during the rescue and extrication but suddenly die after being freed Suspension Trauma: Injuries Sustained from being immobilized in a vertical position when the legs are relaxed and immobile. Injuries include hypoxia (insufficient oxygen reaching the tissues); syncope (loss of muscle strength and/or fainting); hypoxemia (abnormally low levels of oxygen in the blood causing shortness of breath); acidosis (excessive acid in the body fluids or tissues, build up to CO2); ventricular fibrillation (irregular contractions of the heart where the chambers quiver uselessly instead of pumping blood, generally followed by sudden cardiac arrest); myocardial infarction (heart attack or literally death of heart muscle ); damage to the liver, kidneys and brain; and possibly death Suspension Syndrome: The condition in which a suspended person becomes unconscious due to orthostasis (upright hanging position) without traumatic injury. It does not normally affect people who wear a harness who are: Actively moving about (climbing, rope access, rescue work, etc.) Suspended for only a minute or two (parachutists) Suspension Trauma can start to be fatal at the 15-minute mark and fully fatal after 30 minutes. Developed October 2018 Page 52 of 62

54 25.6 Signs and Symptoms These are Signs and Symptoms that may be observed in someone reaching Orthostatic Intolerance Faintness Dizziness Breathlessness Unusually Low Heart Rate Sweating Unusually Low Blood Pressure Paleness "Greying" or Loss of Vision Hot Flashes Nausea Increased Heart Rate Numbness in Lower Extremities Factors that Can Affect the Degree of Risk of Suspension Trauma Inability to move legs Hypothermia Pain Shock Injuries during fall Cardiovascular Disease Fatigue Respiratory Disease Dehydration Blood Loss 25.7 Prevention To Prevent Suspension Trauma one very good piece of PPE that should be attached to every bodies harness on the belt ate each side are Trauma Straps. The Suspension Trauma Safety Strap was designed to help a worker overcome the potential negative health impacts of suspension trauma (otherwise known as Orthostatic Intolerance) The worker pulls them out, places their feet through the loops, releaving the presure in the grownj area and inacting the leg muscles allowing for circulkation. Developed October 2018 Page 53 of 62

55 26. Roof Classifications It is very important to determine the classification of a roof that needs to have work done to it. The importance comes in the determination of the fall protection system that will be chosen and used. The sketch below shows the classifications of roofs. Rise 8 Run 12 Slope Roof Slope 8 Unit of rise 12 Unit of run 26.1 Roof Classifications Slopes Steep Slope... Greater than 8: 12 slopes Sloped Roof... Greater than 4:12 and less than 8: 12 slopes Flat Roof... Flat roofs are up to and including 4:12 slope Developed October 2018 Page 54 of 62

56 26.2 Fall Protection for Flat Roofs BC Ltd.* Fall Protection Policy The following choices of fall protection shall be known and used by all employees and contractors of BC Ltd. These choices are to be used strictly for flat roof only (4:12 horizontal or less) with other types of roof requirements set out in the other categories of this section of the program. Primary choice Guardrails. This should be the first choice as outlined in the earlier portion under Determining a Fall Protection System. Guardrails must be a minimum of 42 in height. Parapet walls may be used as a type of guardrail system but the height must be no less than nd Choice Fall restraint. Being unable to travel over the edge of the working surface with a fall restraint system is the next best thing to guardrails, provided the anchor system is capable of providing a load capacity of no less than 800 lbs. in any direction. 3 rd Choice Fall arrest. This system will allow you to have slack in your lifeline and enable work to be done without tension on a worker during the work activities. In the event of a fall, the worker will be protected from hitting obstructions below or the ground. Anchors must withstand 5000 lbs. Last Choice Control zone with Safety monitor. This system is only used when any of the above systems are impracticable. Three examples of this would be: 1. Hot tar roofing; 2. There are no anchor points for travel restraint or fall arrest; 3. It would cause a greater risk to use fall restraint or fall arrest Fall Protection for Sloped Roofs When working on roofs that are classified as sloped roofs (over 4:12 horizontal but less than 8:12), BC Ltd. employees and their contractors shall ensure that one of the following fall protection systems are used with the first one noted taking priority. 1. Guardrails 2. Personal Fall Restraint System 3. Personal Fall Arrest System Note: When workers are working on a sloped roof, they are much better to be in a fall restraint situation rather than a fall arrest situation. Developed October 2018 Page 55 of 62

57 26.4 Fall Protection for Steep BC Ltd.* Fall Protection Policy All employees and contractors of BC Ltd. shall ensure that they understand the requirements for work on steep sloped roofs (8:12 horizontal or greater). When working on roofs with this classification of slope, a worker will only use a personal fall protection system and, if the materials being applied allow, 2x6 roof brackets must be installed and used. Strapping on the roof may be used provided the strapping provides adequate foot grip. Developed October 2018 Page 56 of 62

58 27. Guardrails / Floor Coverings BC Ltd.* Fall Protection Policy Surface openings in floors and other walking surfaces where workers have access, must be protected by guardrails or secured wood or metal covers. The covering must be capable of supporting all loads to which it may be subjected. The covering must also be identified to indicate that there is an opening below. When plywood is used to cover openings, the minimum thickness shall be (3/4") with proper support for the plywood. If work must be undertaken near unprotected openings from which a worker could fall 10 feet or more, access must be restricted to only workers who are wearing full body safety harnesses and lifelines secured to proper anchorage. As soon as the necessary work is completed, guardrails or adequate covering should protect the opening. Remember: If A Guardrail or Surface Cover Is Removed for Any Reason, Proper Travel Restraint or Fall Arrest Systems Must Be Provided For Any Worker Who Becomes At Risk Of Falling. Developed October 2018 Page 57 of 62

59 27.1 Surface Openings Opening with significant markings Rule of Thumb generally, if a person s body can fit through an opening, it must be covered or properly guarded. If a worker can only step into it, then it must be identified to all workers and covered as soon as possible. (i.e., vents, etc.) On the top, it must be label with wording identifying the opening or a O with an X through it marked in safety orange ground paint X All workers are to be made aware of all roof openings before work activities commence. This information will be available on the site-specific fall plan. Developed October 2018 Page 58 of 62

60 28. Materials and Equipment at the Leading Edge 28.1 Material Storage Materials shall be stored in the safe zone only. To ensure their security in windy conditions or against other unforeseen forces, materials must be covered so as not to be pushed into the hazard zone or completely off the roof. In the cast of tools, if the utilized on a leading edge, they must be tied off as well with a tool lanyard appropriate to the weight of the tool. Note: Anytime materials are stored in the control zone, it increases the likelihood of an accident due to them creating a high activity area. The Hazard Zone is not meant to be a high activity area. Therefore, if the materials are stored in the hazard zone, guardrails would be needed because of workers continually entering this area to receive materials Mobile Power Equipment at the Edge Sweepers or other mechanical or mobile powered equipment will not be used within 6 feet 5 inches from an unguarded edge of a work surface. If a leading edge is guarded, with a guardrail, that guardrail must be able to withstand the force of the machine when its being operated by it. Most all manufacturers specifications state that their mobile equipment is not to be operated within ten (10) feet of an unguarded roof edge. In this case, the manufacturer s specifications shall be adhered to. In other cases, mobile equipment operating by a unguarded leading edge such as a walk behind concrete buffer may only do so if they are completely tied off with an appropriate lanyard. These lanyards must withstand at least 2 times the force exerted on it if it goes over the side and reaches slack end. However, all lanyard systems for equipment and tools must be of a travel restraint type and not be allowed to exceed in length past the leading edge. Developed October 2018 Page 59 of 62

61 28.3 AWPs Aerial Work Platforms/ Truck Mounted Bucket Lifts In all cases, BC Ltd. requires that when a worker needs the use of a scissor lift or zoom boom man lift that before operation commences that the worker must tie off to the designated anchor points with in the basket. In the case of a truck mounted bucket, if no anchor points exist, then the worker must use a cable or strap chock anchor. This has to be chock around the mast prior to the bucket knuckle mount. Make sure when chock wrapping around a boom mast that no wires or hydraulic hoses are being chocked as well. Go under these service lines as much as possible. Never unclip from a tie off anchor point and climb out of the baskets or bucket. If that need does arise for any reason, a safety professional in conjunction with management will need to design a specific circumstantial procedure for such a task to take place. Developed October 2018 Page 60 of 62