ANALYSIS OF SOME MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SALVELINUS FONTINALIS TROUT BREED FARMED IN SALMONID EXPLOATATIONS FROM NEAMŢ AND SUCEAVA COUNTIES

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1 ANALYSIS OF SOME MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SALVELINUS FONTINALIS TROUT BREED FARMED IN SALMONID EXPLOATATIONS FROM NEAMŢ AND SUCEAVA COUNTIES C.E. Nistor 1*, I.B. Pagu 1, Cristina Simeanu 1, B. Păsărin 1 1 University of Agricutura Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Iasi, Romania Abstract Anaysis of some morphoogica characters of fish by means of biometry is a frequenty used method and consists in determining the variabiity of characters in isoated individuas or groups of individuas, by direct measurement, weighting and statistica processing of obtained data. Effectuation of body measurements and weighting is used to determine the increase in ength of fish and to evauate the genera physioogica condition. Brook trout, Saveinus fontinais, is the object of the current study by anayzing of 40 individuas of third summer, 20 individuas in each batch (L 1 and L 2 ), from two trout farms in Neamt and Suceava Counties. After processing the obtained data were cacuated the most representative indexes and maintenance coefficients. The obtained vaues were between 3.46 at L 1 batch and 3.77 at L 2 batch for profie index; 1.80 at L 1 batch and 1.74 at L 2 batch for Futon coefficient; 1.45 at L 1 batch and 1.49 at L 2 batch for Kiseev index; L 1 batch and at L 2 batch for thickness index; L 1 batch and at L 2 batch for feshy index I, and L 1 batch and at L 2 batch for feshy index II. The main vaues of the cacuated indexes, refects a corresponding growth, a better use of nutrition, correated with a good maintenance and heath of the anaysed fishes. Key words: morphoogica characters, brook trout, body indices, maintenance coefficients INTRODUCTION 1 Known by many names (spring trout, brook trout, specked trout), this breed is native, from river springs region of the U.S. Atantic coast, being brought in Europe since 1884, and in our country around 1906, first in Modova (Putna Vaey, Tarcău Vaey), then in Transyvania, expanding rapidy in other mountain waters [2], [3], [12], [13], [14]. Brook trout show a specia exigency to the water temperature which must not fa beow 4 C or exceed 15 C. Feeding activity is most intense between 12 and 14 C generay consuming snais, worms, insects and insect s arvae from the water surface, juvenie fish of other species and even with smaer individuas of its own breeds [2], [3], [11], [13], [14]. Effectuation of somatic and gravimetric measurements serve for determining the increase in ength of fish and to determine *Corresponding author: is_cata@yahoo.com The manuscript was received: Accepted for pubication: their genera physioogica condition [6], [7], [8], [9], [18]. Based on data obtained by measurement and weighing, it can be cacuate various indicators and tangibe factors that make it possibe for the farmer to evauate the fish popuation [1], [5], [9], [15], [18]. MATERIAL AND METHODS To achieve practica part of the study of morphoogica characters were used every 20 specimens of brook trout (Saveinus fontinais) of third summer (P.s. 2+ ), reared from two samonid fisheries from Neamţ and Suceava County. In order to cacuate growth indexes and coefficients, were determined severa parameters, namey: tota ength, standard ength, head ength, cauda pedunce ength, body height and thickness of the body Based, on somatic measurements can be cacuated severa corpora indexes, which provides information regarding maintenance status as we as their adaptabiity to the assured environmenta conditions [9], [15]

2 University of Agricutura Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Iasi Corpora indexes represent the ratio of two dimensions, morphoogica or physioogica reated, or which indicate certain genera characteristics, specific productive skis [1], [4], [16], [17], [18]. Characters determinate through biometric studies are: metric characters: ength, width, height, perimeters; gravimetric character: weight. Biometric data are used to determine growth in ength of fish and to determine the genera physioogica condition and is obtained by measurements taken with specia instruments (ihtyometers) or other measuring instruments (ruer, caipers) [16], [17], [18]. These measurements are: body weight (M) estabished through weighting; tota ength of body (L) it is measured from the top of the snout ti the top of the obs of cauda fin; standard ength of body () aso named standard ength or ength without the cauda fin, it is measured from the top of snout ti the base of cauda fin; maximum height of body (H) - it is measured in the highest area of body, from ventra ine to the dorsa ine; maximum circumference of body (C) it is measured at the eve of maximum thickness and maximum height, respectivey before dorsa fin; ength of the head (c) - represents the distance from top of snout to the posterior edge of opercuum bone; ength of cauda pedunce (p) it is measured from the posterior extremity of ana fin to the base of cauda fin; maximum thickness of body (G) it is measured in the area were body have the greatest thickness; Based on the somatic measurements coud be cacuated a series of corpora indexes which offers information regarding fishes maintenance state and corpora shape of body (profie index, thickness index, Futon coefficient, Kiseev index, feshy index I and II, [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [9], [10], [16], [17], [18]. Profie index (IP) express the morphoogica appearance and is cacuated as: IP = H standard ength of body; H - maximum height of body Thickness index (IG) (dorsum width) expresses the width of muscuature from dorsum area in connection with the maximum height of body. Thickness index coud be cacuated with the formua: G IG = x 100 H G = maximum thickness of body (cm); H = maximum height of body (cm). Body circumference index (Kiseev) (IC) refects the individua's weight, ength, thickness, fattening degree and maturation of the gonads degree. It is a stabe index, accurate with a sma variation scae and is given by: IC = C 1 - standard ength of body; C body circumference. Fattening coefficient, Futon (K) expresses the state of maintenance of fish and is cacuated as: g x 100 K = g body weight; 1 - standard ength of body. Fish ength is taken at cube, since weight gain is directy proportiona to the growth of the body. Feshy index (Ic) expresses the proportion of head or cauda pedunce from the standard ength of the body. For its cacuation, was used the foowing formua: Ic = c 100/s, or Ic = p 100/s c = ength of the head, in cm; s = standard ength of body, in cm; p = ength of cauda pedunce, in cm

3 As the quaity index vaues are ower the fish is much we deveoped. [1], [5], [6], [10], [17]. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Research has debuted with biometric determinations: body weight (M), tota body ength (L), body ength (standard ength) (s), maximum body height (H), maximum body circumference (C), ength of the head (c), cauda pedunce ength (p), and maximum thickness of body (G). Foowing measurements, was cacuate the average of 20 specimens for each experimenta batch (tabe 1). Tabe 1 Biometric measurements at brook trout (Saveinus fontinais) Specification Saveinus fontinais Pc 2+ L 1 (n=20) V% X ± s x Saveinus fontinais Pc 2+ L 2 (n=20) V% X ± s x Body weight M (g) ± ± Tota ength L (cm) 27.02± ± Standard ength s (cm) 24.45± ± Maximum height H (cm) 7.08± ± Heads ength c (cm) 5.52± ± Maximum circumference C (cm) 16.89± ± Length of cauda pedunce p (cm) 4.96± ± Maximum thickness of body (G) (cm) 2.72± ± Based on data obtained by measurements and weightings for brook trout specimens of third summer, were obtained vaues cose to those presented in the consuted iterature [3], [5], [10], [16], which shows that the studied specimens had adequate deveopment. The coefficients of variance highighted each time a good homogeneity of the two studied batches (L 1 and L 2 ). After processing the data obtained from measurements and weighing were then cacuated the vaues of the most representative maintenance and coefficients indexes to highight the state of maintenance of studied fish. Profie index (I p ), highights the corpora shape of the fish, and aows the pacement of the individuas from a popuation in a certain profie type. This index represents the ratio between standard ength and maximum height. At the studied brook trout specimens, the profie index registered a mean vaue of 3.46±0.05 at L 1 batch and 3.77±0.09 at specimens from L 2 batch, which indicated a good body shape in both experimenta batches. Tabe 2 Profie index at brook trout (Saveinus fontinais) Saveinus fontinais L ± Saveinus fontinais L ± Thickness index (IG), is cacuated using the ratio between musce thickness and maximum height from spina region of the body. In the case of thickness index, shows a mean vaue of ± 0.34 for specimens from L 1 batch, and ± 0.92 for those in L 2. The studied character was homogeneous aspect highighted by the coefficient of variation which ranged between 2.82% and 7.04%

4 University of Agricutura Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Iasi Tabe 3 Thickness index at brook trout (Saveinus fontinais) Saveinus fontinais L ± Saveinus fontinais L ± Quaity index (IC) is determined according to Kiseev reation, and offers information regarding fish quaity, being cacuated as the ratio between standard ength and maximum circumference of the body. Specimens that have the owest vaues of this index are recommended because they have greater circumference in reation to standard ength, which indicates a heathy muscuar mass. The trout from L 1 batch presents the ower vaues for quaity index, of ony 1.45±0.02, in comparison with L 2 batch, which had a greater vaue for this index 1.49±0.03. Tabe 4 Quaity index at brook trout (Saveinus fontinais) Saveinus fontinais L ± Saveinus fontinais L ± Futon coefficient (I i ) or biogenic capacity provides information on food factor, refecting the maintenance condition of trout and is the ratio between body weight and tota ength cubed. The higher the Futon index vaues are higher, the fish is more deveoped. Futon coefficient cacuated for brook trout specimens ranged between 1.74±0.06 vaue determined at L 2 batch and 1.80±0.05, as was at L 1 batch. The studied character had a mean variabiity and the coefficient of variation was within the range 9.62 and 10.15%. Tabe 5 Futon coefficient at brook trout (Saveinus fontinais) Saveinus fontinais L ± Saveinus fontinais L ± Feshy index (I c ) express the head proportion from the standard ength of the body. At brook trout specimens, feshy index presented a minimum vaue of 1.43±0.32 for L 2 batch and a maximum vaue of 22.57±0.56 for L 1 batch. Feshy index II, express the proportion of the cauda pedunce from the standard ength of the body. After processing the experimenta data, the vaues for feshy index II, ranged between 19.52±0.57 for L 2 batch and 20.27±0.39 at L 1 batch. The fact that the vaues of feshy index osciates around the vaue of 20% certify that the studied trout have a high percentage of meat. Tabe 6 Feshy index at brook trout (Saveinus fontinais) Specification Batch n Ic X ± s x Saveinus fontinais L 1 20 I 22.57± II 20.27± Saveinus fontinais L 2 20 I 21.43± II 19.52±

5 Vaues obtained by cacuating indexes and growth coefficients are comparabe with those from the iterature, resuting that the specimens anayzed had a good maintenance condition [5], [10], [16]. CONCLUSIONS The vaues of the cacuated main indexes refect a corresponding increase, a better use of nutrition, correated with good maintenance and heath. Growth and deveopment of brook trout specimens (Saveinus fontinais) from the two samonid fisheries taken in study, fits within the breed characteristics which show a good adaptation to the specific area. REFERENCES [1] Bud I., şi coab., - Creşterea crapuui şi a ator specii de peşti. Editura Ceres, Bucureşti, [2] Bud I. şi coab., Peştii răpitori - creştere, înmuţire, vaorificare, Editura Ceres, Bucureşti, [3] Bud I. şi coab., - Tratat de creştere a peştior. Editura Texte, Dej, [4] Bura M., - Acvacutură speciaă, Editura Orizonturi, Timişoara, [5] Cocan D., Mireşan Vioara, Constantinescu R., Răducu Cameia, Feştiă Iuia, - Phenotypic Characterization of Four Breeding Stock Rainbow Trout Popuations (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) from Fiad Trout Farm, Bistriţa-Năsăud County; Lucrări Stiinţifice, seria Zootehnie, vo.53 (15), Editura Ion Ionescu de a Brad, Iaşi, [6] Cristea I.T., Contescu L., - Cercetări pentru determinarea ritmuui de creştere a ceanuui (Leuciscus cephaus L., 1758). Anaee ICAS 47(1): , [7] Grozea A., - Acvacutură. Editura Excesior Art, Timişoara, [8] Grozea A., - Ciprinicutură. Editura Mirton, Timişoara, [9] Macovei Vaerica, - Cercetări cu privire a foosirea vegetaţiei acvatice de către unee specii de peşti, Teză de doctorat, Universitatea Ion Ionescu de a Brad, Iaşi, [10] Mireşan Vioara, Cocan D., Constantinescu R., Răducu Cameia, Feştiă Iuia, Sărmas I., - Using body size indices for seection of future rainbow trout breeding (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Wabaum 1792), Editura Buetin UASVM Anima Science and Biotehnoogies, [11] Păsărin B., Stan, Tr., - Acvacutură. Îndrumător practic. Editura Karro, Iaşi, [12] Păsărin B., Stan, Tr., Misăiă C., - Eemente de samonicutură. Editura Karro, Iaşi, [13] Păsărin B., - Samonicutură, Editura Ion Ionescu de a Brad, Iaşi, [14] Păsărin B., Samonicutură practică, Editura Afa, Iaşi, [15] Simeanu Cristina, Păsărin B., Simeanu D.: The study of some morphoogica characteristics of the sturgeon species of Poyodon spathua in different deveopment stages. Lucrări Ştiinţifice, seria Zootehnie, vo. 54(15), USAMV Iaşi, Editura Ion Ionescu de a Brad Iaşi, page , ISSN , [16] Turiu Gh. N., Piscicutura practică, Editura Ceres, Bucureşti, [17] Turiu Gh. N., Tehnoogii şi amenajări în piscicutură, Editura Ştefan, Bucureşti, [18] Voican V., şi coab., - Căăuza piscicutoruui, Editura Ceres, Bucureşti,