Identifying linkages between zooplankton dynamics, fishery resources and climate change in the Northern Gulf of Mexico
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1 Identifying linkages between zooplankton dynamics, fishery resources and climate change in the Northern Gulf of Mexico NGI Plankton Group NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service Joanne Lyczkowski-Shultz Gulf Coast Research Lab Sara Lecroy Harriet Perry Guillermo Sanchez-Rubio Dept of Marine Science Monty Graham Malinda Sutor Mark Benfield Frank Hernandez
2 30 TX LA MS AL FL m 50 m 100 m 200 m 1000 m EEZ Southeast Area Monitoring and Assessment Program: SEAMAP Ongoing state-federal cooperative, fisheries-oceanographic, sampling program Generated over 40,000 plankton samples from over ~250 stations in northern GOM Large Marine Ecosystem over the past 30 years Resulted in an extensive database on the early life stages of fishes
3 Key Goals 1) Improve use of existing collections for resource management Data needs for Ecosystem-Based Management Expand from finfish to managed invertebrates 2) Assemble long-term datasets and relate to climate variability 3) Protect samples for future use Needs change! Hurricanes happen
4 It s not just fish
5 Ecosystem-based Managment Barausse et al Fish Fish food Things that eat fish Things that eat the food that fish eat Things that prefer to live where fish live
6 General Zooplankton Calanoid copepods Cyclopoid copepods Harpacticoid copepods Ostracods Mysid shrimp Cladocerans Amphipods Euphausiids (all life stages) Isopods Barnacles (all life stages) Stomatopod larvae Chaetognaths Hydromedusae Siphonophores (Calycophora) Ctenophore larvae Polychaetes (all life stages) Pteropods Heteropods Gastropod larvae Bivalve larvae Cephalopods Salps Doliolids Larvaceans Lophophores Echinoderms (all life stages) Other zooplankton Analysis of the invertebrate zooplankton component of SEAMAP plankton samples Andrew Millett (NOAA /NMFS/ IAP World Services), Joanne Lyczkowski-Shultz (NOAA NMFS), and Wanda Kalandyk (MIR/ZSIOP) Decapod Crustacean Larvae Phyllosoma Penaeid postlarvae Portunidae megalopae Sicyoniidae postlarvae Menippe megalopae Geryonidae megalopae Penaeidae larvae Portunidae zoeae Sicyoniidae larvae Geryonidae zoeae Menippe zoeae Sergestidae Lucifer spp. Solenoceridae Misc. Decapods Other Decapods
7 NGI Product Using Zooplankton Community Distribution to Identify Large Marine Ecosystem Sub-Units within the Northern Gulf of Mexico WM Graham 1, FJ Hernandez 1, Jr, AF Millett 2, L Carassou 1, G Zapfe 2, KL Robinson 1,3, MA Bogeberg 1, A Hunter 1,J Lyczkowski-Shultz 4 1 Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, Alabama 2 NOAA NMFS IAP World Services, Pascagoula, Mississippi 3 University of South Alabama Department of Marine Sciences, Mobile, Alabama 4 NOAA/NMFS/SEFCS Mississippi Laboratories, Pascagoula, Mississippi. CUFES on NOAA FRV Gordon Gunter
8 NGI Product Expanding data collection for gelatinous zooplankton during SEAMAP plankton surveys Andrew Millett (NOAA NMFS IAP World Services), William M. Graham (DISL), and Glenn A. Zapfe (NOAA NMFS) Jellyfish sampling protocols were implemented in 2009 and have been conducted on the following SEAMAP Plankton Surveys: Winter 2009: 4 Feb 16 Mar Spring 2009: 29 Mar 1 Jun Fall 2009: Spring 2010: Fall 2010: 25 Aug 30 Sept 3 Apr 23 May 24 Aug 30 Sept Jellyfish collected during bongo, neuston, or MOCNESS plankton tows are removed from samples for identification, counts and measurement.
9 NGI Product Quantification of Hydromedusae Predation on Fish Eggs in the Northern Gulf of Mexico Renee Collini, MSc Thesis, USA/DISL Temporal/Spatial overlap of predator & prey Up to 14% of fish eggs consumed by hydromedusae each day
10 NGI Product Diversity and Distribution of Portunid Crab Megalopae from SEAMAP Plankton Samples Preliminary Results. Carley Knight (USM GCRL), (MS thesis project) Sara E. LeCroy ( USM GCRL), Chet F. Rakocinski ( USM GCRL) and Joanne Lyczkowski-Shultz (NOAA NMFS) Identification of portunid megalopae undertaken first Tentative key to genera created for portunid megalopae Reference set of portunid megalopae established to provide to LSU team for creation of training sets for image recognition software development Preliminary density and distribution data examined
11 Influence of Atlantic and Pacific Modes of Variability on Winter Climatology and Spring Zooplankton Displacement Values in the Northern Gulf of Mexico Guillermo Sanchez-Rubio (USM/GCRL/CFRD), Harriet M. Perry (USM/GCRL/CFRD), and Joanne Lyczkowski-Shultz (NOAA NMFS) Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) have been found to influence the climatology of the northern GOM during the winter months. In 1982, the combination of AMO cold, NAO positive, and ENSO warm phases produced wet winter conditions. In 1999, the opposite phases of these modes of variability produced dry winter conditions. SEAMAP Spring Survey plankton sample displacement volumes following : Wet (1982) and Dry (1999) Winters More focused comparisons and analysis of biological responses to the shift in climate-related hydrological regimes are forthcoming. NGI Product Average Zooplankton Displacement Area (ml/m2) Volume (ml/m3) April May
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13 Project Objectives: USM/GCRL/SIPAC and NMFS Inventory SEAMAP samples lost to Katrina and those recovered at SEAMAP Invertebrate Archiving Center (SIPAC) at USM/GCRL
14 Physical samples are fragile Gulf Coast Research Lab, SEAMAP sample repository Hurricane Katrina, 2005
15 Bottlenecks in Analysis: Time series like SEAMAP produce a lot of samples
16 GULF COAST RESEARCH LABORATORY (GCRL) SEAMAP INVERTEBRATE PLANKTON ARCHIVING CENTER (SIPAC) SIPAC project goals are two-fold 1. Post-Katrina recovery and management of unsorted plankton and identified invertebrate samples : unsorted plankton samples recovered (54%) identified invertebrate samples recovered (55%); mostly decapods invertebrate zooplankton samples received from NMFS Pascagoula (includes 387 portunid, 7 menippid, 285 penaeid and 130 sicyonid lots) unsorted plankton samples ( ) sent to LSU for scanning
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18 Advantages of Semi-automated Software Error rates between humans and software are comparable in systems that classify objects in up to 30 categories Untrained taxonomists can operate the software and complete the majority of classifications The work can be checked by more experienced taxonomists and corrections and more difficult classifications can be made Analyses are completed faster and cheaper Quality control and assurance is easier to do MacLeod, Benfield, and Culverhouse, Nature Vol. 467
19 Significance of the NGI Partnership Zooplankton ecologist colleagues at USM, DISL and LSU joined NOAA/NMFS researchers to initiate analyses of various invertebrate zooplankton components of SEAMAP plankton samples. Our project brings together regional plankton and fisheries expertise along with new technologies and methodologies to expand the SEAMAP database to include information on invertebrate zooplankton. Training of four graduate students directly related to NGI plankton efforts has also resulted in two NOAA/NMFS hires (Knight and Millett). Expertise and resources continues to be extensively utilized in ongoing Natural Resources Damage Assessment following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.
20 Any questions?
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