Performance Study of 2 MW Variable Speed Wind Turbine under Network Disturbance

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1 Doctoal chool of enegy an geotechnology Januay 16 21, Kueaae, Etona Pefoance Stuy of 2 MW Vaable Spee Wn ubne une Netwok Dtubance Slao Sean, Ako Neenaa Helnk Unety of echnology lao.ean@tkk.f, ako.neenaa@tkk.f Abtact h pape peent a aable pee wn tubne ulato. he ulato ue fo a 2 MW wn tubne tanent behaou tuy ung a hotte yetcal netwok tubance. he echancal pat of the wn tubne oel cont of the oto aeoynac oel, the wn tubne contol an the e tan oel. he Doubly Fe Inucton Geneato (DFIG) epeente by an analytcal two-ax oel wth contant lupe paaete. he oel of the DFIG couple wth the oel of the pae cowba potecte an DC contolle fequency conete, the oel of the an tanfoe an a ple oel of the g. he ulaton eult obtane by ean of the etale wn tubne oel ae copae wth the eult obtane fo a plfe ulato wth an analytcal oel of DFIG. he copaon of the eult how the nfluence of the ffeent oelng appoache on the hot-te tanent ulaton accuacy. Keywo Vaable pee wn tubne, wn powe, oubly fe nucton geneato, Dect oque Contol, cowba, oelng, hot-te tanent. Intoucton he poge of the wn enegy aoun the wol n ecent yea ha been contently pee. By the en of 2000 alot MW of electcty geneatng wn tubne wee opeatng n oe 50 counte. Of thee, oe 70% wee ntalle n EU counte. he EU uppot thee enewable enegy ouce n oe to euce CO 2 eon. In ecent peo Fnlan ha alo becoe to be oe nteete n ung of wn enegy. he total wn enegy capacte ntalle n Fnlan by the en of 1999 wee only 38 MW nowaay t about 41 MW. he taget fo yea 2010 about 300 MW, whch ean that aount of enegy upple to the Fnnh natonal g fo wn tubne, houl nceae ey aply. he two bac concept of the wn tubne ae nowaay ue. Fxe pee wn tubne Vaable pee wn tubne he fxe pee wn tubne ae equppe anly wth quel cage nucton geneato an they wok n lte wn pee ange that one of the an awback n copaon wth aable pee wn tubne. hey coul be anufactue n one o two pee eon an they ae utable fo low powe ange up to 2 MW. Howee, the ajoty of the oen egawatt wn tubne ae aable pee wn tubne equppe wth Doubly Fe Inucton Geneato (DFIG). h anly ue to the ablty to upply powe at contant oltage an fequency whle the oto pee ae. ogethe wth the nceae of the nube of the DFIG wn tubne connecte to the netwok, the new netwok coe wee ue pecbng how the wn geneato ha to uppot the netwok ung the powe tubance n the netwok [1], [2]. heefoe, t neceay to cay out accuate tanent ulaton n oe to unetan the pact of the powe yte tubance on a wn tubne opeaton. he ot coon appoach n ynac oelng of DFIG wn tubne ung of an analytcal equalent ccut bae oel of lp-ng nucton achne an plfe wn tubne echancal oel [3]-[7]. h pape peent a aable pee wn tubne ulato. he ulato ue fo a 2 MW wn tubne tanent behao tuy ung a hot-te yetcal netwok tubance. he echancal pat of wn tubne oel cont of the oto aeoynac oel, the wn tubne contol an the e tan oel. An analytcal two-ax oel wth contant lupe paaete epeent the DFIG. he oel of the DFIG couple wth the oel of the pae cowba potecte an DC contolle fequency conete, the oel of the an tanfoe an a ple oel of the g. he ulaton eult obtane by ean of the etale wn tubne oel ae copae wth the eult obtane fo a plfe ulato wth an analytcal oel of DFIG. he copaon of the eult how the nfluence of the ffeent oelng appoache on the hot-te tanent ulaton accuacy. 24

2 1 Moel of the Wn ubne 1.1 ubne oel he aeoynac oel of the wn tubne oto bae on the powe coeffcent C P look-up table. he aeoynac toque can be etene ung the powe coeffcent C P bae on [8]: wt R C (1) P whee: the a enty, R the blae au, the wn pee an C P the powe coeffcent. It potant to unelne that C P coeffcent fo aable ptch/pee wn tubne a functon of the tp pee ato an ptch angle a hown n Fg.1. Fg.1. Powe coeffcent cue fo a oen thee blae wn tubne. Due to claty eaon the powe coeffcent plotte n Fg.1 fo few alue of the ptch angle whle the look-up table ue n the oel contan the powe coeffcent fo alue of the ptch angle fo 90 to +90 an tp pee ato n the ange 0 to 20. he tp pee ato efne a: R V whee the otatonal pee of the wn tubne. (2 ) 1.2 De tan oel he oel of a wn tubne e tan bacally a thee-a oel wth flexble haft both on wn tubne an geneato e. he ae coepon to a lage a of the wn tubne oto, a a fo the geabox wheel an a a fo geneato, epectely. he oent of neta fo the haft an geabox wheel can be neglecte becaue they ae all copae wth the oent of neta of the wn tubne o geneato. hu, th oel can be euce to a two-a oel by coneng an equalent yte wth an equalent tffne an apng facto on the wn tubne oto e [9] a hown n Fg. 2. Fg. 2. Equalent oel of a wn tubne e tan. Uually, a one a oel fo the equaton of oton nclue n the geneato oel. heefoe, the ynac equaton of the e tan ae expee a follow: k gen ( 3) t K t t haft J 1 gea haft (4) (5) gen D D K (6) ap ap tff k K whee: wn tubne toque; J wn tubne oent of neta; wn tubne echancal pee; K tff png contant ncatng the equalent toonal tffne of the haft on wn tubne pat; D ap equalent apng coeffcent of the haft; gen geneato toque; J gen geneato oent of neta; gen geneato echancal pee; K gea the geabox ato, k angula ffeence between the two en of the flexble haft. 1.3 Wn tubne contol he contol yte of a aable pee wn tubne ha a the an goal to contol the eacte powe ntechange between the geneato an the g an to tack the wn tubne optu opeaton pont o to lt the output powe n the cae of hgh wn pee [9], [10]. he oeall contol yte of a aable pee DFIG wn tubne hown n Fg. 3. wo leel of contol wth ffeent banwth an tongly connecte to each othe can be obee n th contol chee, naely the wn tubne contol an the geneato contol. he wn tubne contol ha low ynac copae wth the geneato contol an contan two co-couple contolle: a pee contolle an a powe ltaton contolle. h contol leel upee both the ptch angle actuato yte of the tubne an the toque et pont of the geneato contol leel. he wn tubne contol etho ue n th tuy ecbe n etal n [11]. gea 25

3 2 Moelng of DFIG Fg. 3. Oeall contol yte of a aable pee wn tubne wth DFIG. 2.1 Equalent ccut-bae analytcal oel of DFIG he achne equaton wtten n a x-y efeence fae fxe wth oto ae: p _ x t (7) S _ x _ x _ y _ x p (8) y S _ y y _ x _ y t _ x (9) R _ x _ x _ x t _ y (10) R _ y _ y _ y t Whee: R R, S R (11) _ x _ x _ x (12) _ y _ y _ y (13) _ x _ x _ x (14) _ y y y 3 p (15) e y x x y 2 he ybol, enote the tato an oto cuent, epectely,, tato an oto oltage an, tato an oto flux lnkage n two ax otatonal (x-y) efeence fae. R, R ae tato an oto etance an,, ae tato, oto nuctance an agnetzng nuctance, epectely. he oto pee enote a. Sybol p epeent the nube of pole-pa, an e the electoagnetc toque. he equaton of oton otte. he paaete of the DFIG ae peente n able 1. able 1. Paaete of the DFIG P N ate powe 1.7 MW U N, ate tato oltage 690 V (elta) U ax, axu oto oltage 2472 (ta) f N ate tato fequency 50 Hz n N nonal pee 1500 p 3 Moelng of fequency conete 3.1 Netwok e conete oel he netwok e conete epeente n ulaton by a tanfe functon of the ft oe cete flte. he a of the contol of the netwok e conete to upply the c-lnk an to antan the leel of c-lnk oltage U c on a pe-et alue. he U c contole by PI contolle bae algoth. 3.2 Roto e conete oel he oto e conete upple fo a coon c-lnk an the wtche ae aue to be eal. he oto e fequency conete contolle by 26

4 ofe DC tategy [12]. he block tuctue of the oto e DC conete epcte n Fg. 5. an ecbe n etal n [13] he efeence alue of the electoagnetc toque e_ef a well a otatonal pee ae conee to be contant n a cae of plfe oel. In a cae of the etale oel when the wn tubne contol alo conee, the pee contolle etene the efeence toque e_ef. he oulu of the ee oto flux coan obtane fo the efeence flux calculato a functon of the powe facto PF_ ef, e_ef an g flux. he toque an flux hytee copaato poe logcal output that ue togethe wth oto flux etate fo wtchng patten etablhent efne by wtchng table. When the wtchng patten etablhe, a oltage ecto apple to the oto an th oltage wll change the oto flux. he tangental coponent of the oltage ecto contol the toque wheea the aal coponent nceae o eceae the flux agntue. 3.3 Cowba he pae cowba [14] connecte between the oto of DFIG an oto e conete a t epcte n Fg. 4. he cowba elnate hgh oto cuent ung powe yte tubance when the tato of the geneato can not be connecte fo the netwok an the geneato uppot the netwok. he cowba ccut that wa ue n ulaton cont of a oe bge that ectfe the oto phae cuent an a ngle thyto n ee wth etance. he thyto tune on when the DC lnk oltage U c eache t axu alue. Sultaneouly the oto ccut connecte fo the oto-e fequency conete an connecte to the cowba. he oto ean connecte to the cowba untl the an ccut beake connect the tato fo the netwok Fg. 4. Doubly fe wn-powe nucton geneato wth the cowba. 4 Moel of the netwok, tanfoe an tanon lne he oel of the netwok epeent thee-phae oltage ouce n ee wth a hot ccut nuctance an etance. he tanon lne between the netwok an the tanfoe oele wth t etance an nuctance. he tanfoe epeente by ple lnea oel,.e. agnetc atuaton wa not taken nto account. he tanfoe oel contan a hot ccut etance an nuctance an tay capactance of the wnng. he oel of the netwok, tanfoe an tanon lne ecbe n etal n [15]. Fg. 5. he Block tuctue of the oto e fequency conete contolle by ofe DC. 27

5 5 Sulaton eult an cuon he ulaton analy wa cae out n Matlab Sulnk yte ulato. he yte ulato wa unnng wth the te tep t = 50 n an Fowa Eule etho ha been ue. he ulaton eult ae peente n pe-unt yte wth the bae alue coeponng to the apltue of the epecte quantte V bae = 563 V, I bae = 2.03 ka, bae = 10.9 kn. he tun ato fo oto to tato t = Synchonaton of DFIG an teay tate opeaton. In the ft equence of ulaton the DFIG ynchonze wth the netwok an afte 2.5 the oto e conete tat to contol DFIG n toque contol oe. Fg. 6 how the ynchonzaton nteal of the DFIG ulate wth a oel ottng the echanc. Afte the ynchonzaton, a efeence toque et to contant alue ef = p.u. at contant pee =1.12 p.u. he eane alue of the powe facto et to 1 an the axu alue of the DC-lnk oltage to alue 1050 V. Fg. 7 epct the ynchonzaton of the DFIG wth the netwok n cae that the etale oel of the wn tubne apple. he efeence toque etene by pee contolle, an the eane alue of the acte powe wa et to P ef = 1.04 p.u. n oe to get the alue of the efeence toque to about ef = p.u. he echancal pee of the geneato wa lghtly ocllatng aoun a alue =1.12 p.u. ung opeaton n the powe ltaton oe. he pee of wn wa conee contant =11 /. he efeence alue of powe facto wa et to 1. Fg. 8 how the aaton of the pee, g acte powe an geneato acte an eacte powe n teay tate opeaton. he geneato acte powe eache the teay tate alue that coepon to the alue of the efeence toque an geneato eacte powe lghtly ocllate aoun the zeo alue. he ptch contolle n powe ltng oe accong to the eane alue that et to the ptch contolle contol the g powe. Fg. 6. Synchonzaton nteal ulate wth a plfe oel Fg. 7. Synchonzaton nteal of DFIG wn tubne oel 5.2 anent behao of DFIG ung a g tubance he netwok tubance ntouce at te , when the tato oltage eceae own to about 35% of the nonal alue. At the te ntance 15.12, the geneato connecte fo the netwok by openng the an ccut beake an the fequency conete hout own. he fault cleae at the te ntant Fg. 8. Roto pee (ol), g acte powe (ahot) an geneato acte( ol x ) an eacte powe (ol o ) n teay tate opeaton. 28

6 Fg. 9. he tato oltage (ahe), oto oltage (ol) an DC-lnk oltage(ah ot) ung a g tubance. Fg. 9. how the tato, oto an DC-lnk oltage when the netwok fault ntouce. he yetcal g fault caue the apltue of the tato oltage to op own to 35% of the nonal alue n all thee phae. he hgh tanent cuent n the tato an oto caue an nceae of the DClnk oltage to the tp leel an the contol connect the oto fo the fequency conete an connect the cowba to the oto ccut. Afte connecton fo fequency conete an connecton to the pae cowba, the DC-lnk oltage eceae lowly an eache the nonal alue. he hape of the oto oltage change fo the pule-oulate waefo to ectfe waefo ue to the cowba opeaton. 5.3 Copaon of the ulaton eult obtane by the plfe an etale oel of DFIG wn tubne. he tato tanent cuent obtane fo the plfe oel that neglect the e tan oel a well a wn tubne oel an t contol ae copae wth the etale oel of DFIG wn tubne n Fg. 10. he copaon how that thee haly any ffeence at the begnnng of the tanent. A all ffeence n apltue, whch about 0.2 p.u. can be obee between he copaon of the tanent oto cuent epcte n Fg. 11. he fequency of the oto cuent calculate by the etale oel of DFIG wn tubne ae ue to aaton of the oto pee. he ffeence n fequency well ble befoe the tanent. In the begnnng an at the en of the tanent, oe ffeence n apltue of the copae oto cuent can be obee. h caue anly by the aaton of the oto pee. he hape an apltue of the tanent toque n both cae alot the ae except a lttle ffeence n the en of the tanent. Fg. 10. he tato cuent obtane fo the etale oel (ol) an fo plfe oel (ahe) ung a g tubance. Fg. 11. he oto cuent obtane fo the etale oel (ol) an fo plfe oel (ahe) ung a g tubance. Fg. 12. he electoagnetc toque obtane fo the etale oel (ol), an fo plfe oel (ahe) ung a g tubance. 29

7 Fg. 13. he oto pee (ol), acte powe fo the etale oel (ol x ) an the plfe oel (ah-ot), eacte powe fo the etale oel (ol o ) an fo the plfe oel (ahe) ung g tubance. Fg. 12. epct the copaon of the geneato electoagnetc toque calculate by the etale an the plfe oel of the DFIG wn tubne. he hape an apltue of the tanent toque n both cae alot the ae except a lttle ffeence n the en of the tanent. Fg. 13. how the aaton of the oto pee an alo copae the geneato acte an eacte powe ung the tanent. he lttle ffeence between the eult can be obee at the en of the tanent. 6 Concluon he aable pee wn tubne ulato that ue fo the 2 MW wn tubne tanent behao tuy ung the netwok yetcal fault wa peente. he ulaton eult obtane by ean of the etale wn tubne oel wee copae wth eult obtane fo a plfe ulato. he copaon of the ulaton eult obtane fo the etale oel of the DFIG wn tubne an fo the plfe oel n whch the echancal oel otte how that the etale oelng of the wn tubne an haft yte ha no gnfcant effect on the hot-te tanent analy accuacy. he accuacy of a tanent analy coul be poe by ung of the aance oel of the oubly fe nucton geneato. Refeence 1. E.ON., Netzanchluegeln Hoch-un Höchtpannung, Elta, Specfcaton fo Connectng Wn Fa to the anon Netwok. E a, 2004, 3. J Ekanayake J. B., Holwoth., Wu X. G., Jenkn N., Dynac Moelng of Doubly Fe Inucton Geneato Wn ubne, IEEE anacton on Powe Syte, Vol. 18. No. 2, May 2003, pp Slootweg J. G., Polne H., Klng W., Dynac Moelng of a Wn ubne wth Doubly Fe Inucton Geneato Poc. of 2001 IEEE Powe Engneeng Socety Sue Meetng, Vol. 1, pp Holwoth., Wu X. G.; Ekanayake J. B., Jenkn N.: Copaon of fxe pee an oubly-fe nucton wn tubne ung powe yte tubance IEE Poceeng - Geneaton, anon an Dtbuton, Volue: 150, Iue: 3, 13 May 2003, pp apa A., apa G., Otolaza J.X.,. Saenz J. R: Moelng an contol of a wn tubne en oubly fe nucton geneato IEEE anacton on Enegy Coneon, Volue: 18, Iue: 2, June 2003, pp Koele R., Pllutla S, nh., Dckane D., Integaton of lage wn fa nto utlty g (Pat 1 - Moelng of DFIG), Poc. of 2003 IEEE PES Geneal Meetng. 8. F. Io, A.D. Hanen, P. Søenen, F. Blaabjeg, Wn ubne Blocket n Matlab/Sulnk. Geneal Oeew an Decpton of the Moel Aalbog Unety, Mach 2004, ISBN Hanen, C. Jauch, P. Søenen, F. Io, F. Blaabjeg, Dynac wn tubne oel n powe yte ulaton tool, Rø-R-1400, ISBN A.D.Hanen, P. Søenen, F. Io, F- Blaabjeg, Contol of aable ptch/aable pee wn tubne wth oubly-fe nucton geneato, Jounal of Wn Engneeng, Vol. 28, No. 4, 2004, pp S. Sean, F. Io, J. Nanen, A. Akko, Aance Moelng of Doubly Fe Inucton Geneato Wn ubne une Netwok Dtubance, In poceeng of Ffth Intenatonal Wokhop on age-scale Integaton of Wn Powe an anon Netwok fo Offhoe Wn Fa, Apl 7-8, 2005 n Glagow, Scotlan, pp P. Gokhale, D. W. Kakke, S. J. Hekklä, "Contolle fo a woun oto lp ng nucton achne," U.S. Patent , May 25, Aalable: S. Sean, J. Nanen, S. Kanea, A. Akko, Analy of a 1.7 MVA oubly fe wn-powe nucton geneato ung powe yte tubance, peente at NORPIE 2004, Noway, [Onlne]. Aalable: J. Nanen, Voltage Dp Re hough of Doublyfe Geneato Equppe wth Acte Cowba, peente at the Noc Wn Powe Confeence 2004, 1-2 Mach 2004, Chale Unety of echnology, Götebog, Sween. 15. S. Sean, J. Nanen, S. Kanea, A. Akko, J. Satz, Pefoance Stuy of Doubly Fe Wn- Powe Geneato Une Netwok Dtubance, Accepte fo publcaton n IEEE anacton on Enegy Coneon 30