2019 Junior Horse Bowl Questions

Transcription

1 2019 Junior Horse Bowl Questions The questions will be mixed up within each round (i.e. not in same order they are now). Any questions not used in 2019 will automatically roll into If you have questions or need clarification, with question. Recommended sources to find answers: New Horizons Dictionary of Equine Terms. By New Horizons Equine Education Center, Alpine Publications, Inc. Evans 2 nd The Horse (2 nd Edition) by Evans, Borton, Hintz, Van Vleck, Kainer The Coloring Atlas of Horse Anatomy. Dr. Robert Kainer and Dr. Thomas McCracken, Alpine Publications, Inc. AYHC 1 st Horse Industry Handbook, by the American Youth Horse Council, American Youth Horse Council. AYHC Youth Leaders Manual by the American Youth Horse Council. Lewis 2 nd Feeding and Care of the Horse (2 nd edition), by Lon D. Lewis, 456 pgs. State line tack catalog National 4-H Horse Curriculum Books: o Giddy up and Go o Head, Heart, and Hooves o Stable Relationships o Riding the Range o Jumping to new Heights 1

2 1. Hooves are usually what color at birth? 2. What is it called to rub a horse with a sack, saddle blanket, or tarp as a part of gentling and training? 3. What is the difference between an unsoundness and a blemish? 4. The mouth pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, cecum, large intestine, and the anus make up what system of the horse? 5. What is the preferred bedding for a foaling stall? 6. What is the minimum recommended size of a box stall? 7. If a horse can see all the way around himself, what activity is he most likely engaged in while in the pasture? 8. What is a pannier on a saddle used for? 9. Where on the horse do bot eggs hatch? 10. What is the range of a normal pulse rate or beats per minute for a foal or weanling? 11. What is the preferred plant source protein supplement for the growing horse? 12. What term is used for the six-foot length of rope used in calf roping to tie the calf s legs? 13. What are the earliest signs of strangles? 14. What color horse has black points and a yellowish coat color? 15. Describe the saddling problem that occurs with a mutton-withered horse? 16. Define the term Unsoundness. 17. What item is designed to protect the horseshoer s legs? 18. What are two of the considerations when matching a rider with a horse? 19. What tool is used by the farrier to remove excess hoof wall and trim hooves? 20. What type of martingale allows the rider to maintain contact with the bit at all times? 2

3 21. What type of knot should a horse always be tied with? 22. Which fat-soluble vitamin (A, D, E, or K) is necessary for the growth and development of normal hoofs? 23. What is the purpose of the hoof tester? 24. What should the dimension of a tie-stall be for an adult horse? 25. What is meant by the term walking downhill in regard to conformation? 26. What is the name of the bone located between the knee and ankle? 27. What is a farrier? 28. How long does it take for a stable fly to progress from an egg to an adult? 29. What is the French word for horse training? 30. List 2 preventive measured to protect your horse from injury and sickness. 31. What is the proper name for nutrients sometimes referred to as building blocks? 32. What is a Coggins test used to detect? 33. What is the major purpose of a saddle and how does it help the horse? 34. At what height should a hay net be hung? 35. Name the most consistent, natural conditioner for the horse s hooves. 36. What is the primary function of the sole of the foot? 37. Where is the true knee or stifle? 38. How often should your horse receive a vaccination for strangles? 39. A bad habit that may affect a horse s usefulness or health is called what? 40. Which one of the following common cereal grains fed to horses is the lowest in crude protein: Barley, corn, oats, or wheat? 3

4 41. What is the term when a horse is free from any normal deviation in structure or function that interferes with the usefulness of the horse? 42. How often should a horse have its teeth checked? 43. What is the normal temperature for a horse? 44. At what age is a horse considered to have a full mouth? 45. What part of the horse is similar in nature to a human s finger prints? 46. What is recommended as the best type of covering for the floor of a horse trailer? 47. Why is it important for the rider to stay deep in the saddle and sit up straight? 48. Which of these bedding materials is the most absorbent: shavings, sawdust, and barley straw, oat straw, shredded newspaper or peat moss? 49. What is the primary consideration of any horse facility? 50. A foal has how many incisors? 51. Name two health problems that moldy and dusty hay can create. 52. On what side of a horse s tooth do points develop? 53. What is the word that describes the art of riding a horse and understanding his needs? Hint: It starts with an H. 54. What color are the eggs of the nose bot fly? 55. What parasite lays its eggs around the hind end of its host? 56. What is the average pulse rate of an adult horse at rest? 57. The dried remains of what beetle in alfalfa hay is toxic to horses? 58. When choosing a vehicle to pull a horse trailer, name four factors that should be considered. 59. What is the term for the person who rides a horse in a race? 4

5 60. Name two breeds of draft horse that are commonly seen with feathered legs. 61. What is the term used to describe a horse that has too much slope to its pasterns? 62. At what two stages of a horse s life are the calcium needs the greatest? 63. The afterbirth is also known as what? 64. In reference to horse measurement, how big is a hand? 65. What is the general term for all of the equipment used to ride and/or drive a horse? 66. Name the parasite that causes formation of crusts and/or scabs on the horse s skin causing intense itching. 67. What is the most vital of all nutrients for horses? 68. How many bones are in the horses hoof? 69. Name 2 nutrients that an older horse does not digest as well as a younger horse. 70. What two minerals are needed for proper bone and teeth formation? 71. What is the widest part of the hoof? 72. What is a side pass? 73. What coat color pattern of the Paint horse has irregular, scattered or splashy white markings that commonly do not cross the back between the withers and tail? 74. Approximately, how much blood does a 1000 lb. adult horse have? 75. What is a polo? 76. When judging a horse from the rear, what should be the widest part of the hindquarter? 77. What does net energy refer to? 78. What is the study of hormones and their effects called? 79. What is colic? 80. What are fenders on a saddle? 5

6 81. Explain the difference between bolting and shying? 82. The name of a hoof disease characterized by degeneration of the frog and a thick, foulsmelling discharge. 83. In what position does a healthy foal normally sleep? 84. What type of wounds are bruises, contusions, sprains, and muscle and tendon ruptures? 85. Name the three types of muscles. 86. Name the least movable joint in the horse s leg. 87. Give three ways to discourage a horse from eating its grain too fast? 88. What stimulus induces the growth of a horse s winter hair coat? 89. What organ functions as a blood filtering system, responsible for the excretion of waste products? 90. What is a parasite? 91. What is the term for the base of a horse s tail? 92. Identify two factors that can influence heart rate in a horse? 93. What does an artery do? 94. When traveling long distances, how often should a horse be offered water? 95. Which breed of horse is known for its ability to gain speed in a matter of seconds over short distances? 96. Where in the horse s digestive system would you find bot larva attached? 97. What is the quarter system when discussing halter and showmanship classes? 98. Name four ways corn can be fed to horses. 99. What type of internal parasite do most common dewormers not kill? 100. What is meant by the term easy keeper? 6

7 101. A thin, wasted condition of the body is described as what? 102. Where on the horse would there be no sweat glands? 103. What is the name for the piece of equipment that is used to clean out a horse s foot? 104. What is the proper name for the bump in the middle of the mouthpiece on a curb bit? 105. Name two general classes of hay What connects the hoof wall to the coffin bone? 107. What is the most common legume fed to horses? 108. What is the by-product of sucrose that is used to coat grain in sweet feed? 109. What term describes a condition resulting from excessive loss of body fluids? 110. A horse with too much angle in the hocks is often described as having what kind of hocks? 111. If the points of the horse s hock turn inward the horse is called what? 112. What is the primary function of the sole of the foot? 113. What is it called when a pigeon toed horse throws the front feet outward while traveling? 114. What is the general term for the physical appearance of an animal due to the arrangement of muscle, bone and other body tissue? 115. What is the main role of the hindquarters? 116. Where on the horse is height measured? 117. Anorexia can be caused by what vitamin efficiency? 118. What is a vector when discussing insects? 119. What gait does the Tennessee Walking Horse exhibit that no other breed does? 120. What two items can be added to a stock saddle to make it more suitable for packing? 7

8 121. On the ideal horse, what two parts of a horse s body are angled at 45 degrees? 122. What is the largest tissue mass in the horse s body? 123. Two Parts. Ringworm is caused by what and what does it look like? 124. Where do you find ringbone? 125. Name two classification of vitamins What is the term used to describe a horse that eats dirt because of a mineral deficiency? 127. Name four vices that horses do that are dangerous to them Give two functions of the butt bar in a horse trailer In reference to wound care, name (3) purposes of a bandage The conformation fault in which there is a greater distance between the horse s legs at the top than at the bottom is known as what? 131. At what age are foals normally weaned? 132. To provide a safe interior in a horse trailer, what should be on the sidewalls, partitions, and front on the manager to prevent injuries? 133. What type of bit puts direct pressure on the corners of the horse s mouth and tongue, and falls under the category of non-leverage bit? 134. What is an overshot jaw of the horse called? 135. Other than radiographs, what is the best method of diagnosing navicular disease? 136. What is floating with reference to horses? 137. What does the copper do on a bit? 138. A horse that resists being ridden away from the barn is considered to be what? 139. Explain the difference between an herbivore and a carnivore What is a blemish? 8

9 141. Name four stages of the life cycle of a fly What is the piece of the bridle that goes across the forehead? 143. Is the horse a ruminant or non-ruminant? 144. What is colostrum? 145. What color is the normal horse s eye? 146. What is the most important factor when selecting a horse? 147. What are two common features of equine influenza? 148. Give another name for the horse s hindgut? 149. What infectious disease does a horse have when it develops the sawhorse position? 150. Give 5 examples of gymkhana or playday events Name 4 fat-soluble vitamins What is the main function of a headstall? 153. Name 6 items that you should include in a trailer first-aid kit What is the spasmodic muscle contraction that produces heat to help maintain body temperature? 155. Combined Immunodeficiency affects horses of what breed or breeding? 156. What does TDN stand for when discussing equine nutrition? 157. How many ribs does the horse have? 158. What movement defect does a pigeon toed horse have? 159. What other vice may be associated with head-nodding? 160. What is teeth floating? 161. Name three of the five walking gaits performed in a dressage test. 9

10 162. This body color is reddish or copper-red; mane and tail usually same color as body, but may be flaxen How long is gestation? 164. What percentage of an adult horse is water? 165. What does the term lactation mean? 166. Name three different types of wire fence What is the term for a horse with too much angle in the hock joint? 168. What is the name of the early training that sensitizes foals to appropriate human requests? 169. The first thing to keep in mind about a western saddle is that it needs to fit your horse properly, especially in what area of the horse? 170. During what two seasons are barn fires most common? 171. Name four species of flies that are pests of horses What is the junction of the hoof wall and sole called? 173. What is a green horse? 174. What is an orphan foal? 175. What is the fastest gait of the horse? 176. Melanoma is most common on what color horse? 177. At what age do the permanent teeth start to erupt? 178. Where is the hoof wall thickest? 179. Excessive intake of what vitamin causes calcification of lungs, heart, kidneys and other organs? 180. Where is the thrush infection found on a horse? 10

11 181. What is an impaction? 182. What two responses does a horse have to fear? 183. Why are clips used on horse shoes? 184. What is unsoundness? 185. Describe a pig-eye 186. Name the type of hay that is most often infested with Blister beetles What is the term for the action when a horse lashes out with a front leg when mad? 188. On an English saddle, all stirrups should allow how much space on each side of the rider s foot? 189. What is sweet feed? 190. What is the recommended amount acreage of pasture per horse here in the south? 191. What part of the horse lies between the knee and the fetlock? 192. When do mosquitoes most commonly feed on horses? 193. What is the round silver disk on a western saddle called? 194. How many beats does a canter or lope have? 195. What is considered to be the building blocks of protein? 196. Define parrot mouth What is the back of the seat on the saddle called? 198. What is the purpose of a back cinch on a roping saddle? 199. What conformation fault does a horse usually have if it paddles? 200. In what part of the horse s digestive tract are soluble carbohydrates digested to simple sugars? 11

12 201. What vice may increase when pelleted feeds are used as the only source of roughage? 202. The horse is able to cool itself by doing what? 203. How many beats are in a canter? 204. The skeleton of the horse is made up of how many bones? 205. What term describes horses with low, round, thick withers which often have rolling gaits? 206. What is the hardest working joint in the horse s body? 207. What makes up between 65-75% of an adult horses body weight? 208. How many chromosome pairs does a horse have? 209. What is the inflammation of the hoof? 210. If you can easily feel a horse s ribs through a thick winter hair coat, what kind of body condition would you find? 211. What breed of horse is registered by the Jockey Club? 212. In 1940, what association was formed in Fort Worth, TX? 213. What is the purpose of a flank cinch on a roping saddle? 214. During what time of the year is hoof growth greater? 215. This hair coat color of the foal will be a solid color, but with each consecutive hair coat, more white hairs will be added until what color becomes evident? 216. There are many breeds of ponies. Name four Approximately how many inches taller should a trailer be than the horse s normal resting position of its head? 12

13 218. Pounding is a defect in the way of going often associated with what conformation defect? 219. What causes heat cramps? 220. You have a horse that is ivory colored or offwhite, has rust colored legs, tips of its tail, muzzle, and mane. What color is the horse called? 221. Name two classifications of vitamins What is anhidrosis? 223. What is the obstructive lodging of food in the intestine called? 224. Describe a bench knee What is gestation? 226. The Galvayne s Groove appears at the gum margin of the upper corner incisor at about what age? 227. What is the term describing a disfigurement that only affects the appearance of a horse and does not affect the normal use of the horse? 228. What are two considerations when installing a paddock gate? 229. What side is considered the off side of the horse? 230. How many quarts of food does the horse s stomach hold? 231. What is the hair called that falls on the face between the ears? 232. What is the term for the condition in which water is lost from the body faster than it is taken in? 233. Name the 4 parts of the horse s topline To utilize genetics adequately and purposefully in horse production, the producer must have a basic understanding of what? 13

14 235. What is the term for an immature female horse? 236. Most of the so-called hot-blooded horses of the world can be traced to three ancestral breeds. Name one of them Name two characteristics that help to develop a good person when attending horse shows? 238. Why does ventilation help with the health of a horse? 239. What type of stall door is the easiest and safest to use in a horse barn? 240. In reference to horses, what is meant by the term bloom? 241. What disease is characterized by swollen or abscessed lymph glands, particularly those under or behind the jaws? 242. What part of a bit enables it to be classified as a leverage bit@? 243. What are the milk teeth? 244. What is the term for a small patch of white hair located between a horse s eyes? 245. What simple test is used to determine dehydration in the horse? 246. A horse has two choices in response to fear. What are they? 247. A horse with too much angle in the hocks is often described as having what kind of hocks? 14