2. How many coloured belt patterns have a release in them? Three - Do-San, Joong-Gun, Hwa-Rang.

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1 BLACK BELT QUESTIONS 1. What is the difference between a thrust and a strike? A thrust goes straight to a target, whilst a strike can come from any direction. Thrusts are only performed using the fingers or the elbow. 2. How many coloured belt patterns have a release in them? Three - Do-San, Joong-Gun, Hwa-Rang. 3. How many coloured belt patterns have a back-fist strike in? Five - Do-San, Yul-Gok, Joong-Gun, Toi-Gye, Choong-Moo. 4. Name five types of back-fist strike? Front (as in no 3 three-step sparring) Back (as in Toi Gye) Downward (aiming for the shoulder) Spinning (as in Do San) Side (as in Choong Moo) 5. How many coloured belt patterns have a fingertip thrust in them? Six - Do-San, Won-Hyo and Yul-Gok and Hwa Rang (middle straight), Toi-Gye (low upset and high flat), Choong-Moo (high flat). 6. Name three coloured belt patterns that start in Moa Sogi? Won-Hyo (A), Joong-Gun or Toi-Gye (B), Hwa-Rang (C). 7. How do you create power? Reaction force, waist/hip twist, speed, kinetic energy. 8. What is the Korean word for `breaking'? Gyokpa 9. What is the Korean term for consecutive kick and what does it mean? Yonsok chagi. A consecutive kick is when two or more kicks are executed using the same foot without lowering the leg to the floor. 10. What is the Korean word for combination kick and what does it mean? Honap chagi. A combination kick is when both feet are used to execute two or more kicks in succession while jumping or flying. 11. Name three kicks that use the heel? Downward (axe) kick (naeryo chagi) Reverse turning kick (bandae dollyo chagi) Hooking kick (golcha chagi) 1

2 12. Name five vital spots of the upper body? Philtrum (injoong) Mandibular joint (tok gwanjol) Point of jaw (mit tok) Eyes (angoo) Adam's apple (gyol hoo) 13. Name five vital spots of the middle body? Sternum (hyung gol) Solar plexus (myong chi) Kidneys (kongpat) Floating ribs (nuk gol) Stomach /abdomen (bokboo) 14. Name five vital spots on the lower body? Coccyx (migol) Groin (sataguni) Instep (baldung) Knee (moorup) Shin (jong kwaeng-i) 15. Count to ten in Korean. 1 Hanna 2 Dool 3 Seth 4 Neth 5 Dasaul 6 Yosaul 7 Ilgop 8 Yodoll 9 Ahop 10 Yoll 2

3 16. Why do we twist the fist to punch? For power and penetration. 17. What is the meaning of `Hwa-Rang'? Flowering Youth - Hwa (Flower) Rang (Young man). 3

4 18. How many people are in the TAGB Comitee 8 eight 19. Who Are They? 20 What are the titles? Degrees updated 2016: Grandmaster Dave Oliver, 9th Dan.. Master Paul Donnelly, 8th Dan. Master Ron Sergiew, 8th Dan. Master Brian Towndrow, 7th Dan. Master Gianni Peros, 7th Dan. Master Don Atkins, 8th Dan Master Kenny Walton 8th Dan. Master Mike Dew, 8th Dan When was Tae Kwon-Do inaugurated? Tae Kwon-Do was inaugurated in South Korea on 11 April 1955 by Gen Choi Hong Hi. 22. What year did Tae Kwon-Do come to Great Britain? Tae Kwon-Do was introduced to Great Britain in 1967 by Master Rhee Ki Ha. 4

5 23. When was TAGB formed? The TAGB was formed inn August Why was the TAGB Formed? It was a difference of opinions on the way to hold a tournament in Great Britain. 25. When was the BTC (British Taekwon-do Council ) formed? The British Tae Kwon Do Council was formed on 21st April 1988 and is recognised by the Sports council (Sports UK) as the only governing body of Taekwon-do in the UK. The Tae Kwon Do Association of Great Britain (T.A.G.B.) was a founder member of the B.T.C. 26. When was Taekwondo International created? Was created on 13 November 1993 and is a worldwide body with representation on every continent. TKDI is a non-political organisation open to all styles of Taekwondo 27. What is the significance of the year 2333BC? The year the Holy Dan Gun founded Korea. 28. Who was Admiral Yi Sun Sin? Admiral Yi was posthumously awarded the title of Choong Moo (man of loyalty and chivalry) for his victories over the Japanese navy. In 1592 he invented the first armoured battleship, known as the Kobukson 29. Why does the pattern Choong Moo end in a left hand attack? To symbolise Choong Moo's regrettable death, having no chance to show his unrestrained potential checked by the forced reservation of his loyalty to the king, (he refused to obey an order to intercept the Japanese fleet, which he knew to be a trap). 30. Who was Ahn Joong Gun? Ahn Joong Gun was the patriot who assassinated Hiro Bumi Ito, the first Japanese Governor General of Korea. He was executed at Lui Shung prison in What is the significance of 29 movements in pattern Hwa Rang? The 29 movements refer to the 29th Infantry Division where Tae Kwon-Do developed into maturity. 32. What is the significance of the year 686AD? It's the year the noted monk Won Hyo introduced Buddhism into the Silla dynasty. 33. Who was Yi Hwang? Yi Hwang was a 16th century authority on Neo-Confucianism, as stated in the pattern Toi Gye - (his pen name). 34. Who was Ahn Ch'ang Ho? Ahn Ch'ang Ho devoted his entire life to furthering the education of Korea and its independence movement. His pseudonym was Do San. 35. What do the 38 movements in Yul Gok represent? The 38 movements refer to Yul Gok's birthplace on the 38 degree latitude. 36. What else does 38 signify in Yul-Gok? It is the latitude that divides North and South Korea. 5

6 37. Who was Yi I? Yi I was a great philosopher and scholar ( ) who was nicknamed the `Confucius of Korea'. His pseudonym was Yul Gok. 38. When would you use your toes to perform a kick? You would perform a kick using your toes only if you were wearing shoes or footwear. 39. What is the difference between `dwit' and `dung'? Both mean `back'. Dung refers to a part of the body, e.g. `reverse', as in sonkal dung (reverse knifehand). Dwit refers to the direction, as in dwit palkup tulgi (back elbow thrust). 40. What is the purpose of stances? Stances help to develop strong leg muscles and provide a stable base from which to execute techniques. 41. What is the difference between a back kick and a reverse side kick? Nothing - they are both the same. 42. What is the Korean name for `grabbing knee kick'? Butjaba moorup chagi. 43. What is the blocking tool for `golcha makgi'? Sonbadak (palm), then grabbing with bandal son (archand). 44. What is the blocking tool in `digutja makgi'? Sonkal dung (reverse knife-hand) then grabbing with bandal son (archand). 45. What is the difference between back back-fist strike and side back-fist strike? It is the direction of strike in relation to the body, i.e. towards the back or side. 46. How do you know if a stance is a left or right stance? This is defined by whichever leg bears the most weight, or if evenly distributed, whichever leg is forward. 47. What are the weight distributions for walking stance, low stance, L-stance, X- stance and rear foot stance? Walking stance and Low stance (50:50) L-stance (70:30) X-stance and Rear foot stance (80:20) 48. When you perform `anuro sonkal taerigi' (2nd move in Won Hyo), what is the other arm used for? The extended arm is used to grab and pull the opponent in, as a reaction force. It is also in the ready position to defend the body against another attack. 49. Green signifies a plant's growth - what does the plant represent? The student. 50. Who introduced Tae Kwon-Do to the UK? Grand Master Rhee Ki Ha (9th Dan). 51. What does `sun' mean? 6

7 Straight. 52. What is `doo palmok makgi' used for? (Double Forearm Pushing Block) It is a sweeping block where the rear arm supports the main blocking arm against a heavy attack. The rear arm also protects the mid section and is in a position to perform a low block against a second attack. 53. What is `dollimyo makgi' used for? Circular block is a combined block against a low kick and middle attack. The block is first used to scoop the attacking leg and throw the opponent off balance, then to block a following middle attack. 54. What were the three kingdoms of Korea? Silla, Baek Je and Koguryo. 55. When were the three kingdoms unified? Silla conquered Koguryo and Baek Je unifying the three kingdoms in 668 AD. 56. When was the Yi Dynasty formed? The Yi Dynasty was formed in 1392 AD after the fall of the Koryo Dynasty. 57. In `kaunde sun sonkut tulgi' what techniques are you performing? (Straight fingertip thrust) One arm is deflecting an attack and is then in a ready position to defend the body, whilst the other is performing a straight fingertip thrust. 58. What is the difference between a twin forearm block `sang palmok makgi' and a double forearm block `doo palmok makgi'? A twin block is a defence against two attackers, and a double block is a defence against one attacker. 59. Name the different knife hand strikes you know? Knifehand side strike, (sonkal yop taerigi)* Knifehand front strike (sonkal ap taerigi) Downward knifehand strike (naeryo sonkal taerigi) Inward knifehand strike (anuro sonkal taerigi) Outward knifehand strike (bakuro sonkal taerigi)* 60. Name the different finger tip thrusts you know and possible target areas? High flat fingertip thrust to the throat/eyes (nopunde opun sonkut tulgi) Middle straight fingertip thrust to the solar plexus (kaunde sun sonkut tulgi) Low upset fingertip thrust to the groin (najunde dwijibo sonkut tulgi) 61. General Korean - inward, upward etc an - inner bakat - outer anuro - inward bakuro - outward wi - upper 7

8 ollyo - upwards ap - front dwit - back bandae - reverse baro - obverse najunde - low kaunde - middle nopunde - high orun - right wen - left apro kaggi - forwards dwiyro kaggi - backwards dwiyro torro - about turn dolgi turn 8

9 62. In `Yul Gok' when you perform the elbow strike, what is the hand you are striking used for? It is used to focus your attack and simulates holding the opponent's head to which you are striking. 63. Why is the palm facing up on a low section upset finger tip thrust? If the hand is deflected upwards by the attacker (i.e. by a kick), it can be rotated to perform a forefist punch. The hand will also not be in a position to be bent backwards by a kick. 64. Why do we use inner and outer forearm to block with? Because of the inherent strength and close proximity of the bone to the surface of the skin, causing pain to the opponent on impact. 65. Name the different elbow strikes & thrusts you know? Side elbow thrust (yop palkup tulgi) Upper elbow strike (wi paluk taerigi) Back elbow thrust (dwit palkup tulgi) Straight elbow downward thrust (sun palkup naeryo tulgi) Double elbow strike (jau palkuk taerigi) 66. Name the kicks you know and the striking tool used? Side kick (yop chagi) footsword Turning kick (dollyo chagi) ball of the foot or instep Back kick (dwit chagi) footsward Reverse turning kick (bandae dollyo chagi) heel Downward (axe) kick (naeryo chagi) heel Crescent kick (bandal chagi) footsword (outward) or sole of the foot (inward) Twist kick (bituro chagi) ball of the foot Pressing kick (noollo chagi) footsword Side pushing kick (yop cha milgi) footsword 67. What is the Korean name and purpose of double arc hand block? Doo bandal son makgi - used as a checking block to the sternum or to block a thrown object. 68 What is the Korean name and purpose of horizontal punch? Soopyong jirugi - the purpose is to defend against two attackers, using a turning punch (dollyo jirugi) for one coming at close range, and a side punch (yop jirugi) for the other at a middle distance. 69. What is the Korean name and purpose of 9-Shaped Block? Gutcha makgi - it is used to block a middle punch and to break the elbow joint. 70. What do the pattern interpretations mean to you? Chon Ji - represents the beginning of human history - therefore whatever goals we reach in our everyday life, we should not forget that we all started out as beginners. Dan Gun - legendary founder of Korea - inspirational. Do San - patriot who devoted his entire life to furthering the education of Korea and its independence movement, thus showing indomitable spirit and loyalty to his country. Won Hyo - introduced Buddhism into the Silla dynasty, therefore had the perseverance and indomitable spirit to break with the traditional ideology of the time. Yul Gok - philosopher and scholar who was nicknamed `Confucius of Korea', challenging the thinking of the time and showing his integrity in maintaining his beliefs. 9

10 Joong Gun - patriot who risked his own life by assassinating the Japanese Governor General of Korea, therefore showed loyalty to his cause and his country. Toi Gye - philosopher and scholar who was an authority on Neo-Confucianism, challenging the thinking of the time and showing his integrity in maintaining his beliefs. Hwa Rang - Flowering Youth Group who were instrumental in unifying the three kingdoms of Korea, showing their loyalty to their king and country, and indomitable spirit through their motto `never to retreat in war'. Choong Moo - great admiral and inventor who died before he could achieve his full potential constrained by his loyalty to king and country. Kwang Gae - King Kwang Gae-T'o Wang, who was responsible for the recovery and expansion of territories once owned by Korea, therefore shows indomitable spirit, perseverance and loyalty to his subjects. Po Eun - great poet and scientist who showed loyalty to his king and country and gave them inspiration through his poetry. Ge Baek - known for his strict military discipline which might result in courtesy, perseverance and indomitable spirit in the armies. 71. What is a pattern? A pattern is a set of fundamental movements, mainly attack and defence, set in a logical sequence to deal with one or more imaginary opponents. Patterns are an indication of a student's progress - a barometer in evaluating an individual's 72. Why do we perform patterns? We practise patterns to improve our Tae Kwon-Do techniques, to develop sparring techniques, to improve flexibility of movement, master body shifting, develop muscles, balance and breath control. Patterns also enable us to acquire techniques, which cannot be obtained from other forms of training. 73. Why do we learn the interpretation of patterns? The interpretation gives a pattern a meaning, each pattern is based on a historic moment in Korean history, where legendary figures showed loyalty, dedication and even gave their lives to make significant changes to their country. We learn interpretations of patterns to gain inspiration from the events and people portrayed in the meanings. 74. Who is your regional representative? Master Don Adkins, 8 th Dan 75. When did General Choi Hong Hi die? 15 June 2002 in Canada. He was laid to rest on 17 June at Pyongyang. 76. What two further tenets would you suggest? Loyalty to their cause has been demonstrated by the patriots, scholars and philosophers in the meaning of the patterns. Humility is necessary to avoid aggression and shows respect for others. 77. What is the formula for power? Force = mass x acceleration (F = MA) Kinetic Energy = _ x mass x velocity x velocity (KE = _ MV2) The energy available in a technique depends on the mass and the square of the velocity. Speed (velocity) is therefore more important than mass in promoting power. We cannot change our mass, but we can increase our speed through training. 10

11 78. What is kinetic energy? Energy from motion. 79. What does Moa Junbi Sogi `A' represent? Um Yang which means `opposites' as in the hard and soft sides of Tae Kwon-Do or the martial aspect vs the philosophical perspecti 80. Why do we perform `kyocha joomuk chookyo makgi' (as in Joong Gun)? To block a blow to the head and be in a position to grab the opponent or weapon with both hands. 81. Why do we perform `kaunde sonkal taerigi' in L-stance in Dan Gun(Sonkal Bakuro taerigi) (movement 18) but in sitting stance in Do San ) (Sonkal Yop Taerigi) (movement 23)? It depends on the direction of travel for the following move. In Dan Gun the next move is forwards into nopunde ap joomuk jirugi, but in Do San, the side strike is repeated along the same direction of travel. 82. Why do we pull our elbows down sharply in `sonkal daebi makgi' and `palmok daebi makgi'? To create tension, ready to guard the body from an attack. Bringing the elbows down sharply may also help deflect an oncoming attack. 83. What is Tae Kwon-Do? Tae Kwon-Do is a Korean military martial art, developed by General Choi Hong Hi in Loosely translated it means Foot Fist Art. `Tae' means to jump, smash or kick with the feet and `Kwon' to punch, strike with the hand and `Do' is a way of life - or a philosophy to live your life by. 84. What are the components of Tae Kwon-Do? Taek Kyon, Shotokan Karate and Subak. 85. What is Taek Kyon? Taek Kyon was an early Korean form of self-defence. Tomb paintings dating back to 50BC show men practising forms known as Taek Kyon from which Tae Kwon-Do developed. 86. What are the targets for `high flat fingertip thrust'? Throat, eyes and philtrum. 87. Why do we practise patterns beyond 6th Dan? To maintain balance and co-ordination and to continue to improve. 88. Why are the floating ribs a vulnerable target area? Because they are only attached to the spine and are unsupported at the front/side, and therefore weak. 89. What does Mikulgi mean? Sliding 90. Why do we perform a breaking test? To demonstrate the power in the technique and to show commitment 91. Why do we perform 1 step sparring? 11

12 To practise defence techniques in as realistic a way as possible, to practise speed and reaction to an attack. 92. Why do Black Belts have additional black trim on their doboks? The black trim is symbolic, as in ancient Korea the colour black signified the highest position, i.e. royalty and the aristocracy. 93. How many coloured belt patterns have a bending ready stance in them? Three - Won Hyo, Yul Gok, Choong Moo 94. What is the Korean for `turn'? Dolgi 95. What is the Korean term for `waving kick' and what is its purpose? Doro chagi - to defend against a kick to the groin. It can also be used to stamp. 96. What is the Korean for the following? Head - Mori Arm - Pal Hand - Son Foot - Bal Chest - Gasum Eye - Angoo 97. What are `sonkal batang' and `umji batang'? 'Base of knife hand' and `thumb ridge' 98. What was the largest of the three kingdoms of Korea? Koguryo 99. What is the difference between the side punch performed in Won Hyo (third move) and in Hwa Rang (fifth move)? In Won Hyo, it is performed in fixed-stance moving only the front foot with a body shift (milagi). In Hwa Rang it is performed in fixed-stance while sliding both feet forward (mikulgi) What is the Korean for `Tenet'? Jungshin 101. What are the tenets of Tae Kwon-Do in Korean? Courtesy - Ye ui Integrity - Yom chi Perseverance - In nae Self control - Guk gi 12

13 Indomitable spirit - Baekjul boolgool 102. Name Ten kicks Dwit Chagi (back kick), Yop Chagi (side kick), Dollyo Chagi (turning kick), Ap Chagi (front kick), Golcho Chagi (hooking kick), Bituro Chagi (twisting kick), Twimyo Chagi (flying kick), Bandae Dollyo Chagi (reverse turning kick), Ap Cha Milgi (front pushing kick), Doro Chagi (waving kick) Name Two parts of the foot used for turning kick: Ap kumchi (ball of the foot) and Baldung (instep) Name Twelve stances Charyot sogi = attention stance Moa junbi sogi = closed ready stance Narani sogi = parallel stance Niunja sogi = L stance Gojong sogi = fixed stance 1.The body weight is distributed evenly between both legs 2. The distance between the big toes is about one and a half shoulder width 13

14 Annun sogi = sitting stance Soojik sogi = vertical stance Nachuo sogi = Low stance. Dwit bal sogi = Rear foot stance 14

15 Kyocha sogi = X stance Gunnun sogi = Walking stance Wi bal sogi = One leg stance 105. What is the difference between an inward block and an inside block? Inward block refers to the direction of travel of the block, from the outside towards the centre of the defenders body. Inside block refers to the part of the opponent's body that is blocked i.e. the block connects with the inside of the opponents arm or leg Why might you use knife hand to block rather than the forearm? Using knife hand allows the defender to follow up the block with a grab if necessary. The force of a block is also applied to a very small area, allowing the defender to injure the opponent Is 4 directional punch `saju jirugi' a pattern? No, Saju jirugi is a fundamental exercise, not a pattern. 15

16 108. Which kicks can use the instep as a striking tool? Turning Kick - Dollyo Chagi Front kick - Ap Chagi Twisting kick - Bituro Chagi 45 degree kick - Beet Chagi 109. Name the following parts of the arm in Korean (the examiner will demonstrate)? Fore fist - Ap joomuk Side fist - Yop joomuk Back fist - Dung joomuk Palm - Sonbadak Knife hand - Sonkal Fingertip - Sonkut Fore knuckle fist - Inji joomuk Middle knuckle fist - Joongji joomuk Thumb knuckle fist - Umji joomuk Inner forearm - An palmok Outer forearm - Bakat palmok Back forearm - Dung palmok Under forearm - Mit palmok Elbow Palkup 110. What is the difference between side piercing kick and side thrusting kick? Side piercing kick uses the foot sword as the striking tool and side thrusting kick uses the ball of the foot. 16

17 111. What is the Korean term for wrist release? Jappyosol tae 112. What is the difference between ITF and WTF style Tae Kwon Do? I.T.F. stands for International Tae Kwon-Do federation W.T.F. stands for World Tae Kwon-Do federation I.T.F. is the original Federation that General Choi Founded; The I.T.F. style is the original Tae Kwon-Do. It is the style that TAGB practices. It is worth nothing that modern I.T.F. Tae Kwon-do has itself changes since We still practise it as it was originally conceived. The W.T.F. style of Tae Kwon-Do is more sport orientated than I.T.F. It is the style that has been accepted as an Olympic sport. Its sparring differs to ours in tah is tis full contact. The competitors wear body armour and no punching to the head is allowed. The I.T.F style could be considered to be a martial art where as the W.T.F. style could be considered to be a combat sport What is the difference between turning punch `dollyo jirugi' and angle punch `giokja jirugi'? In turning punch the fist finishes in line with the centre of the body and in angle punch the fist finishes in line with the opposite shoulder 114. What is the significance of the colours in the Tae Kwon-Do International logo? The colours white, yellow, green, blue, red and black represent all of the belt colours in Tae Kwon-Do, which are based on the colours used in ancient Korea to indicate rank and status What is the Korean term for wedging block and what is its use? Hechyo makgi. This block is used to defend against twin fist vertical punch, or against an opponent attempting to grab the throat with both hands When might you use crescent kick? Bandal chagi uses the foot to block an attack and can be used if the arms are injured or if the opponent is further away What is the Korean term for master and who can use this title? Sahyun. Black belts ranked 7th and 8th Dan are entitled to use this title in recognition of their extensive knowledge and experience of Tae Kwon-Do What is `sonbadak noollo makgi' used for? Palm pressing block is used to check a low section front kick. This block is always accompanied by a palm upward block used to defend against a middle punch. It is often performed in patterns as a conditioning exercise i.e. as a slow motion movement. 17

18 119. What is Confucianism? Confucianism is the ethical system of the Chinese philosopher, Confucius who was born in approximately 552BC. It is not a religion that is based on the worship of a supernatural power, more a collection of teachings emphasising devotion to the family, morality and the proper exercise of political power What is Neo-Confucianism? Neo-Confucianism was developed in China around the 11th century AD and is essentially a reinterpretation of Confucian teachings to incorporate metaphysical aspects i.e. the nature of reality and man's relationship with the universe. The most noted exponent of Neo Confucianism was the 12th century Chinese philosopher Chu Hsi, but Yi I and Yi Hwang of Korea also contributed many works. Commands Charyot Kyong Ye Junbi Sijak Gomman Barrol Attention Bow Ready Start Stop Return to Ready Parts of the Hand Ap Joomuk Fore Fist Yop Joomuk Side Fist (hammer Fist) Dung Joomuk Back Fist Sonkal Knife hand Sonkal Dung Reverse Knife hand SonKut Finger Tip Sondung Back Hand Pyon Joomuk Palm Heel (open Fist) Gomsom Bear Hand Ghin Joomuk Long Fist Han Songarat Index Finger Doo Songarat Double Finger Umji Joomuk Thumb Knuckle Umji Petang Thumb Knuckle Inji Joomuk Index Finger Sonmok Dung Bow Wrist Knuckle Joonji Joomuk Middle Finger Knuckle Parts of the Foot Balkal Footsword Dwitchuck (Back) Heel Ap Kumchi Ball of Foot (front Baldung Instep sole) Dwit Kumchi Heel Base (Back Balkut Toes Sole) Balkal Dung Reverse Footsword Balmok Ankle Yop Baldung Side Sole (Near Front) Yop Bal Badak Side Sole 18

19 Elbow Strikes & Elbow Thrusts An Elbow Strike is performed with the front (forearm) part of the elbow. In a circular motion. Ap Palkop Terrigi Front Elbow Strike Wi Palkop Terrigi Upper Elbow Strike Nopun Palkop Terrigi High Elbow Strike An Elbow Trust is performed with the back (past the elbow joint) part of the elbow. In a linear motion. Yop Palkop Tulgi Side Elbow Thrust Dwit Palkop Tulgi Back Elbow Thrust Naero Palkop Tulgi Downward Elbow Thrust Sparring Ban Jayoo Matsoki Jayoo Matsoki Sambo Matsoki Ibo Matsoki Ilbo Matsoki Semi-free sparring Free sparring Three-step sparring Two-step sparring. One-step sparring Conduct in the Dojang Bow upon entering and leaving the Dojang at all times. Bow to the instructor at the start of or when joining a class. Bow to the Instructor prior to dismissal. Always address Instructors and black belts as 'Sir.' Do not eat, drink, or smoke whilst wearing your dobok unless prior permission to do so has been granted by the Instructor. Do not speak unnecessarily during a session. Always hand objects to the Instructor with both hands. Directions 19

20 Patterns Chon-Ji (19 movements): Means literally, "The heaven, the earth." In the Orient it is interpreted as the creation of the world or the beginning of human history, therefore it is the initial pattern performed by the beginner. The pattern consists of two similar parts - one to represent the heaven, the other, the earth. Walking Stance Forearm Low Block (Gunnun Sogi Palmok Najunde Makgi) Walking Stance Middle Front Punch (Gunnun Sogi Kaunde Ap Jirugi) L-Stance Inner Forearm Middle Block (Niunja Sogi An Palmok Kaunde Makgi) The last two movements of Chon-Ji are obverse punch (Baro Jirugi). Dan-Gun (21 movements): Dan-Gun is named after the Holy Dan-Gun, the legendary founder of Korea in the year 2333 BC Knife Hand Guarding Block (Sonkal Daebi Makgi) Twin Forearm Block Sang (Palmok Makgi) Rising Block (Chookyo Makgi) L-Stance Knife-Hand Guarding Block (Niunja Sogi Sonkal Daebi Makgi) L-Stance Twin Forearm Block (Niunja Sogi Sang Palmok Makgi): Walking Stance Forearm Rising Block (Gunnun Sogi Palmok Chookyo Makgi) L-Stance Knife-Hand Middle Outward Strike (Niunja Sogi Sonkal Kaunde Bakuro Makgi) Do-San (24 movements): Do-San is the pseudonym of the patriot Ahn-Chang-Ho ( ). The 24 movements represent his entire life, which he dedicated to furthering the education of the Korean people and to its independence movement. Outer Forearm High Block (Bakat Palmok Nopunde Makgi) Wedging Block (Hechyo Makgi) Straight Fingertip Thrust (Sun Sunkut Tulgi) Backfist High Side Strike (Dung Joomuk Nopunde Yop Taerigi) Turning Kick (Dollyo Chagi) Front Snap Kick (Ap Cha Busigi) Side Piercing Kick (Yopcha Jirugi) Walking Stance Outer Forearm High Side Block (Gunnun Sogi Bakat Palrnok nopunde Yop Taerigi) Walking Stance Back Fist High Side Strike (Gunnun Sogi Dung Joomuk Nopunde Yop Taerigi) Walking Stance Outer Forearm High Wedging Block (Gunnun Sogi Bakat Palmok Nopunde Hechyo Makgi) Middle Front Snap Kick (Kaunde Apcha Busigi) Won-Hyo (28 movements):won-hyo was the noted monk who introduced Buddhism to the Silla Dynasty in the year 686. Close Ready Stance A (Moa Junbi Sogi A) Fixed Stance (Gojung Sogi) Bending Ready Stance (Gooburyo Sogi) Forearm Circular Block (Palmok Dolymio Makgi) Knife Hand Inward Strike (Sonkal-Anuro Taerigi) L-Stance Knife-Hand High Inward Strike (Niunja Sogi Sonkal Nopunde Anuro Taerigi) Forearm Circular Block (Palmok Dollimyo Makgi) L-Stance Forearm Middle Guarding Block (Niunja Sogi Palmok Kaunde Daebi Makgi) Middle Side Piercing Kick (Kaunde Yopcha Jirugi): Low Front Snap Kick (Najunde Apcha Busigi) 20

21 Yul-gok (38 movements): Yul-gok is the pseudonym of a great philosopher and scholar Yi Ee ( ), nicknamed, "The Confuscious of Korea." The 38 movements of the pattern represent his birthplace in the 38 latitude and the diagram represents "Scholar." X-Stance (Kyocha Sogi) Twin Knife-hand Block (Sang Sonkal Makgi) Palm Hooking Block (Sonbadak Golcho Makgi) Double Forearm Block (Doo Palmok Makgi) Front Elbow Strike (Ap Palkup Taerigi) Sitting Stance Middle Punch (Annun Sogi Kaunde Jurigi) L-Stance Twin Knife-Hand Block (Niunja Sogi Sang Sonkal Makgi): Walking Stance Palm Middle Hooking Block (Gunnun Sogi Sonbadak Kaunde Golcho Makgi): Walking Stance Front Elbow Strike (Gunnun Sogi Ap Palkup Taerigi): X-Stance Back Fist High Side Strike (Kyocha Sogi Dung Joomuk Nopunde Yop Taerigi) Walking Stance Double Forearm High Block (Gunnun Sogi Doo Palmok Nopunde Makgi): Joong Gun (32 movements) Joong Gun is named after the patriot Ahn Joong Gun, who assassinated Hiro-Bumi Ito, the first JAPANESE Governor General of Korea, known as the man who played the leading part in the Korea-Japan merger. There are 32 movements in this pattern to represent Mr. Ahn's age when he was executed at Lui- Shung prison in Close Ready Stance B (Moa Junbi Sogi B) Rear Foot Stance (Dwitbal Sogi) Low Stance (Nachuo Sogi) Close stance (Moa Sogi) Reverse Knife-hand Outward block (Sonkal Dung Bakuro Makgi) Palm Upward Block (Sonbadak OlIyo Makgi) X-Fist Rising Block (Kyocha Joomuk Chukyo Makgi) Palm Pressing Block (Sonbadak Noolo Makgi) U-Shape Block (Digutja Makgi) Side Front Snap Kick (Yobap Cha Busigi) Upper Elbow Strike (Wipalkup Taerigi) Twin Fist High Vertical Punch (Sang Joomuk Nopunde Sewo Jirugi) Twin Fist Upset Punch (Sang Joornuk Dwijibo Jirugi) Angle Punch (Giokja Jirugi)Reverse Turning Kick (Bandae Dollyo Chagi) Low Side Front Snap Kick (Najunde Yobap Cha Busigi) Rear Foot Stance Palm Upward Block (Dwitbal So Sonbadak OIIyo Makgi) Walking Stance Upper Elbow Strike (Gunnun So Wipalkup Taerigi) Walking Stance Twin Fist High Vertical Punch (Gunnun So Sang Joomuk Sewo Jirugi): Walking Stance Twin fist Upset Punch (Gunnun So Sang Dwijibo Jirugi) L- Stance Back Fist High Side Strike (Niunja So Dung Joomuk Nopunde Yop Taerigi) Close Stance Angle Punch (Moa So Giokja Jirugi) Toi Gye (37 movements): Toi Gye is the pen name of the noted scholar Yi Hwang (16 th century), an authority on neo-confuscianism. The 37 movements of the pattern represent his birthplace on the 37 latitude, and the diagram represents "Scholar." X-Fist Pressing Block (Kyocha Joomuk Nollo Makgi) W-Shape Block (San Makgi) Double Forearm Low Pushing Block (Doo palmok - Najunde Miro Makgi) Knife-hand Low Guarding Block (Sonkal Najunde Daebi-Makgi) Upset Fingertip Thrust (Dwijibun Sonkut Makgi) Back Fist Side Back Strike (Dung Joomuk Yop dwit Taerigi) Knee Upward Kick (Moorup Ollyo Chagi) Flat Finger Tip Thrust (Opun Sonkut Tulgi) Downward Kick (Naeryo Chagi) Twin Side Elbow Posture (Sang Yop Palkat Jase) Upset Fingertip (Dwijibun Sunkut) Flat Finger tip Thrust (Opun Sunkut) Crescent Kick (Bandal Chagi) Twisting Kick Bituro Chagi 21

22 Walking Stance Upset Fingertip Low Thrust (Gunnun So Dwijibun Sonkut Najunde Tulgi) Close Stance Back Fist Side Back Strike (Moa Sogi Dung Joornuk Yopdwi Taerigi) Walking Stance X-Fist Pressing Block (Gunnun Sogi Kyocha Joomuk Noolo Makgi): Sitting Stance Outer Forearm W-Shape Block (Annun Sogi Bakat Palmok San Makgi) Knee Upward Kick (Moowp Ollyo Chagi) Walking Stance Flat Fingertip Thrust (Gunnun Sogi Opun Sonkut Nopunde Tulgi): L-Stance Double Forearm Low Pushing Block (Niunja Sogi Doopalmok Najunde Miro Makgi): L-Stance Back Fist Side Back Strike (Niunja Sogi Dung Joomuk Yop dwit Taerigi) X-Stance X-Fist Pressing Block (Kyocha Sogi Kyocha Joomuk Nollo Makgi): L-Stance Knife-Hand Low Guarding Block (Niunja Sogi Sonkal Najunde Daebi Makgi) Hwa-Rang (29 movements): Hwa-Rang is named after the Hwa-Rang youth group which originated in the Silla Dynasty in the early 7th century. The 29 movements refer to the 29 th Infantry Division, where Taekwon-Do developed into maturity. Close Ready Stance C (Moa Junbi Sogi C) Vertical Stance (Soo Jik Sogi) Palm Pushing Block (Sonbadak Miro Makgi) Inner Forearm Side Front Block (An Palmok Yop ap Makgi) Upward Punch (Ollyo Jirugi) Knife-hand Downward Strike (Sonkal Naeryo Taerigi) Turning Kick (DoIIyo Chagi) Side Elbow Thrust (Yop Palkup Tulgi) L-Stance Upward Punch (Niunja Sogi Ollyo Jirugi) High Turning Kick (Nopunde DoIIyo Chagi) L-Stance Obverse Punch (Niunja Sogi Baro Jirugi): Close Stance Inner Forearm Side Front Block (Moa Sogi An Palmok Yobap Makgi) Choong-Moo (30 movements): Was the name given to the great Admiral Yi-Soon-Sin of the Yi Dynasty. He was reputed to have invented the first armoured battleship (Kobukson) in 1592, which is said to be the precursor of the present day submarine. The reason why this pattern ends with a left hand attack is to symbolise his regrettable death, having no chance to show his unrestrained potentiality checked by the forced reservation of his loyalty to the king. Forearm Middle Front Block (Palmok Kaunde Ap Makgi) X-Knife-hand Checking Block (Kyocha Sonkal Momchau Makgi) Twin Palm upward Block (Sang Sonbadak Ollyo Makgi) Jumping (Twigi) Knife-hand High Front Strike (Sonkal Nopunde Ap Taerigi) Flying side Piercing Kick (Twinyo Yopcha Jirugi) Reverse Knife-hand High Front Strike (Sonkal Dung Nopunde Ap Taerigi) Middle Back Piercing Kick (Kaunde Dwitcha Jirugi) Walking Stance Knife-Hand High Front Strike (Gunnun Sogi Sonkal Nopunde Ap Taerigi): Flying Side Piercing Kick (Twimyo Topcha Jirugi) Walking Stance Reverse Knife-Hand High Front Strike (Gunnun Sogi Sonkal Dung Nopunde Ap Taerigi) Middle Back Piercing Kick (Kaunde Dwitcha Jirugi) Sitting Stance Forearm Middle Front Block (Annun Sogi Palmok Kaunde Ap Makgi) Sitting Stance Back Fist High Side Strike (Annun Sogi Dung Joomuk Nopunde Yop Taerigi): L-Stance X-Knife-Hand Checking Block (Niunja Sogi Kyocha Sonkal Momchau Makgi) Walking Stance Twin Palm Upward Block (Gunnun Sogi Sang Sonbadak Ollyo Makgi): Kwang-Gae (39 moves - 1st Dan to 2nd Dan) is named after the famous Kwang-Gae- Toh-Wang, the 19th King of the Koguryo Dynasty, who regained all the lost territories including the greater part of Manchuria. The diagram represents the expansion and recovery of lost territory. The 39 movements refer to the first two figures of 391 A. D., the year he came to the throne. Heaven hand (Hanulson) Upset punch (Dwijibo jirugi) Side fist downward strike (Yop joomuk naeryo taerigi) Pressing kick (Noollo chagi) Palm heel rising block (Sonbadak ollyo makgi) 22

23 Stamping (Cha bapgi) Sliding (Milkulgi) Twin high vertical punch (Sang sewo jirugi) Twin upset punch (Sang Jwijibo jirugi) Po-Eun (36 moves - 1st Dan to 2nd Dan) is the pseudonym of a loyal subject Chong Mong-Chu (1400) who was a famous poet and whose poem I would not serve a second master though I might be crucified a hundred times is know to every Korean. He was also a pioneer in the field of physics. The diagram represents his unerring loyalty to the king and country towards the end of the Koryo Dynasty. One leg stance (Waebal sogi) Inner forearm wedging block (An palmok hechyo makgi) Fore fist pressing block (Ap joomuk noollo makgi) Outer forearm front block (Bakat palmok ap makgi) U shaped grasp (Mongdungi makgi) Reverse knife hand guarding block (Sonkal dung daebi makgi) Back elbow thrust (Dwit palkup tulgi) Twin horizontal punch (Sang soopyong jirugi) Twin elbow horizontal thrust (Sang palkup soopyong tulgi) Angle punch (Giokja jirugi) Ge-Baek (44 moves - 1st Dan to 2nd Dan) is named after Ge-Baek, a great general in the Baek Je Dynasty (660 AD). The diagram represents his severe and strict military discipline. Double arc hand block (Doo bandalson makgi) Palm scooping block (Sonbadak duro makgi) 9 shaped block (Gutja makgi) Twist kick (Bituro chagi) Back fist front strike (Dung joomuk ap taerigi) Middle knuckle fist punch (Joongji joomuk jirugi) 23