Montana Hayes. Height: 72 inches (6 0 ) or 1.83 meters Weight: lbs or 70.4 kg BMI: Sum of Three Site Skinfold Calculations

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1 Montana Hayes Montana is a women s track and field athlete at Concordia University, Nebraska. She competes in the multievents (indoor pentathlon and outdoor heptathlon). In training for these events, Montana must show efficiency in anaerobic and aerobic capacity, muscular strength and endurance, and flexibility. Her events range from the 60-meter dash to the 800-meter run, and include various throwing events. Montana is 20 years old. Height: 72 inches (6 0 ) or 1.83 meters Weight: lbs or 70.4 kg BMI: 21.0 Test Protocol Results and Data Normative or %ile rank BMI 21.0 Normal Body Fat by Omron 19% Leaner than Average 70 %ile Body Fat by Σ 3 Skinfold 29.9% Fat (Upper)* 15 %ile Grip Strength 34.5 kg Good 34.0 kg Resting Blood Pressure 110/65 mm Hg Normal 110/55 mm Hg Normal Resting Heart Rate 61beats per min Normal Modified Sit and Reach 18 ¼ inches 85 %ile 18 inches 17 ¾ inches 15 Recovery HR from Step 38 beats per 15 seconds Test VO 2 Max Determined by ml/kg/min 60 %ile Average min. step test YMCA Bench Press 27 repetitions 70 %ile Above Average Sum of Three Site Skinfold Calculations Measurement Site 1 st Measurement 2 nd Measurement 3 rd Measurement Thigh Abdomen Suprailium Average of Closets Two Sum of Three Averages: 66 = Σ 3 SKF

2 The Step Test After testing Montana, I realized my body fat calculations were not accurate. Via Skinfold calculation, I came up with a body fat percentage of This calculation compared to the 19% given by Omron is quite away off. I believe that the Omron device gave the more accurate value of body fat. When compared to national norms Montana, a heptathlete at Concordia University stacked up against other collegiate athletes in her same event. Montana s VO 2 max was the only measurement that ranked average. The rest of the test results gave her percentile ranks and descriptive norms above 50% or above average. If designing an exercise program for Montana, I would suggest improving VO 2 max to Montana. An improvement in VO 2 max may increase her performance in the indoor pentathlon and outdoor heptathlon.

3 Lindsay Anderson Lindsay is a pole-vaulter at Concordia University. In her event, Lindsay relies heavily on the phosphagen system, and upper body strength to compete. Lindsay is 21 years old. Height: 64 ½ inches (5 4 ½ ) or 1.64 meters Weight: lbs or 62.2 kg BMI: 23.3 Test Protocol Results and Data Normative or %ile rank BMI 23.3 Normal Body Fat by Omron 21.1% Leaner than Average 55 %ile Body Fat by Σ 3 Skinfold 28.0% Fatter than Average 20 %ile Grip Strength 36 kg Good 32.5 kg Resting Blood Pressure 128/80 mm Hg Prehypertensive/Normal 124/76 mm Hg Prehypertensive /Normal Resting Heart Rate 67 beats per min Normal Modified Sit and Reach 12 ¼ inches 40 %ile 14 ¼ inches 14 ½ inches 15 Recovery HR from Step 43 beats per 15 seconds Test VO 2 Max Determined by ml/kg/min 40 % ile Below Average min. step test YMCA Bench Press 46 repetitions 90 % ile Excellent Sum of Three Site Skinfold Calculations Measurement Site 1 st Measurement 2 nd Measurement 3 rd Measurement Thigh Abdomen Suprailium Average of Closets Two Sum of Three Averages: 60 = Σ 3 SKF ( )

4 The Step Test After testing Lindsay, I realized my body fat calculations were not accurate. Via Skinfold calculation, I came up with a body fat percentage of This calculation compared to the 21.1% given by Omron is quiet away off. I believe that the Omron device gave the more accurate value of body fat. When compared to national norms Lindsay, ranked average against other collegiate athletes. Lindsay s VO 2 max and Modified Sit and Reach scores ranked below the 50% and netted her below average in those tests. I would suggest that Lindsay seek to improve VO 2 max and flexibility scores.

5 Jonathon Becker Jonathon Becker is primarily a hurdler and 400 meter track and field athlete at Concordia University. He is 21 years old. Height: 71 ½ inches (5 11 ½ ) or 1.81 meters Weight: 166 lbs or 75.3 kg BMI: 22.8 Test Protocol Results and Data Normative or %ile rank BMI 22.6 Normal Body Fat by Omron 8.8% Very Lean 85 %ile Body Fat by Σ 3 Skinfold 10.4% Very Lean 75 %ile Grip Strength 50.5 kg Average 46.5 kg Resting Blood Pressure 126/70 mm Hg Prehypertensive/Normal 110/72 mm Hg Normal Resting Heart Rate 61beats per min Normal Modified Sit and Reach 16 ¼ inches 90 %ile 16 ½ inches 16 inches 15 Recovery HR from Step 38 beats per 15 seconds Test VO 2 Max Determined by ml/kg/min 65 %ile Average min. step test YMCA Bench Press 22 repetitions 40 %ile Below Average Sum of Three Site Skinfold Calculations Measurement Site 1 st Measurement 2 nd Measurement Average of Closets Two Chest Thigh Abdomen *I missed that we were supposed to take three measurements, and it should be noted that there should have been a third measurement for the abdomen site for Jonathon. Sum of Three Averages: 28.5 = Σ 3 SKF

6 The Step Test Jonathon tested out well in most respective categories. He could stand to improve in his upper body strength and endurance scores. Jonathon who is a sprinter has an average VO 2 max. This should be expected due to the nature of his training, although he thought to be in good condition.

7 Hayden Hohnholt Hayden Hohnholt is a cross-country and track and field athlete at Concordia University. He is 22 years old and competes in various long distance races that range from the mile to the 5 km run. Height: 70 inches (5 11 ½ ) or 1.78 meters Weight: lbs or 66.9 kg BMI: 21.2 Test Protocol Results and Data Normative or %ile rank BMI 21.8 Normal Body Fat by Omron 12.4% Leaner than Average 65 %ile Body Fat by Σ 3 Skinfold 14.7% Average 60 %ile Grip Strength 45 kg Average 43 kg Resting Blood Pressure 123/76 mm Hg Prehypertensive/Normal 128/68 mm Hg Prehypertensive/Normal Resting Heart Rate 50 beats per min Bradycardia Modified Sit and Reach 7 ¾ inches 10% ile 8 inches 8 ½ inches 15 Recovery HR from Step 28 beats per 15 seconds Test VO 2 Max Determined by ml/kg/min 99 %ile Very High min. step test YMCA Bench Press 11 repetitions 10 % ile Poor Sum of Three Site Skinfold Calculations Measurement Site 1 st Measurement 2 nd Measurement Chest Thigh Abdomen *I missed that we were supposed to take three measurements. Sum of Three Averages: 38.5 = Σ 3 SKF ( ) Average of Closets Two

8 The Step Test From the testing results, I would suggest that Hayden work on his upper body strength and endurance, along with his flexibility. Hayden performed poorly in all three of these respects. His VO 2 max was his strongest score, which should be expected. Hayden competes well for the Concordia men s track team, and performs in distance races. He is a perennial team leader, and his VO 2 max score could help explain why he is a team leader.

9 Administration Notes: In class, I only was able to perform skin fold tests on men. During this testing period, I found it was extremely difficult to perform Skinfold measurement on women. The skin folds were hard to pull away from the body, and I believe the difficulties I had led to my inaccurate body measurements. On the topic of skin folds, I want to note that I should have taken three measurements on site for my two male subjects. I missed that it was preferred to take three measurements, before I corrected myself with the two female subjects. I also want to note that for the three-minute step test I used the large black metal plyo boxes in the weight room. During the testing period, the field house at the HHPAC was closed. The scores may have been affected due to the different step height other than the bleachers that were used in class.