Toshihide Kashima Building Research Institute, Japan
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1 Dynamic Behavior of s based on Strong Motion Data during the 2 Great East Japan Earthquake Toshihide Kashima, Japan Contents Strong motion network of (BRI) Strong motion data of the 2 East Japan Earthquake Strong motion data in super high-rise buildings Long-period motions in Tokyo and Osaka Strong motion data in damaged buildings
2 BRI strong motion network Outline 79 stations in operation (as of 2/3/) Half of stations in Kanto (around Tokyo) 6 stations with two or more sensors in building 6 base-isolated buildings 9 super high-rise buildings (higher than 6 meters) BRI strong motion network Kanto Area Stations TKB BRI, ANX, NCTD NIT AGO MTK TKC SIT2, SITA KSG TUS TDS AKB MST NKN FNB YCY KDI ICK CHB KWS YKH HRH HKU KGC HRO HKD HCN, HCN2 km MYK AKT 2 4 TRO NIG FKO HMD OIT NBO MYZ MYJ HRS YNG KCK TKM MIZ ISK OSK, SKS MTS SNG NGN KSO YMN NGY SMZ SMS km IWK 2 4 Sendai Area ORID2 THU TAMA2 SND TRMA2 NAKA2 km MIYA2 2
3 BRI strong motion network Sensor configurations Ground, + Ground, 9 One on Basement, 9 Two or More in, 4 BRI strong motion network heights and structures More than 2 stories, 6 ~ 2 stories, 2 ~ stories, 6 ~ stories, Other, 6 ~ stories, 32 Steel-framed Reinforced Concrete (SRC), 24 Reinforced Concrete (RC), 27 Number of stories Steel, 9 Structure type
4 BRI strong motion network The 2 East Japan Earthquake Time: 4:46:8, March, 2 (JST) Location: 38.3 N, E (JMA) Depth: 24 km (JMA) Magnitude: Mw9. (JMA) Mechanism: Reverse The 2 East Japan Earthquake Epicenter and PGA distributions JMA Local gov. K-NET KiK-net PGA(cm/s 2 ) km
5 The 2 East Japan Earthquake Contour maps of PGA and PGV Osaka Tsukuba Tokyo PGA contour PGV contour Outline 6 stations (out of 79) were triggered I JMA 6-: stations JMA I JMA +: 7 stations I JMA -: :8stations 9 super high-rise buildings (H 6m) and 6 base-isolated buildings 3 buildings in 29 stations suffered severe earthquake motions with I JMA - or higher
6 Triggered stations I JMA HKD HKU HRO KGC AKT TRO NIG HRH THU, SND HCN2, HCN TAMA2, MIYA2 MYK 2/3/ 4:46(JST) h=24 km, M MIZ OSK, SKS MTS ISK KSO NGY NGN YMN SMZ SMS IWK km Triggered stations in Kanto area 36 2' 39 2' 39 4' 4 ' 4 2' 4 4' 36 2' 36 ' NIT ANX, BRI, NCTD TKC MTK 36 ' 3 4' TUS SITA, SIT2 UTK, NMW, TDS MST SMD AKB ADC KDI EDG NKN YCY FNB YYG TKD ICK CGC, CG2, CG3, NDLG, TUF CHB NDLM, NDLA KWS YKH 3 2' 39 2' 39 4' km I JMA ' 4 2' 4 4' 3 4' 3 2'
7 Super high-rise buildings All of 9 stations were triggered I JMA +: station (Sendai) I JMA 4: 6 stations (Tokyo metropolitan) I JMA 3: 2 stations (Osaka) MIZ IJMA OSK, SKS MTS ISK KSO NGY AKT HRH HKD HKU HCN2, HCN MYK TRO THU, NIG SND TAMA2, MIYA2 NGN YMN SMZ SMS IWK KGC HRO 2/3/ 4:46(JST) h=24 km, M9. km Records in super high-rise bldg. # Code SND SIT2 SMD TKD CGC Station Sendai Government Office Bldg. #2 (S/F) Δ A A I (km) JMA Place max A max (X) (Y) (Z) A max B2F* F Saitama Government B3F* Office Bldg. #2 (S/27F) 27F Sumida Ward Office BF* (S/6F) 2F Kosha Tower Tsukuda (RC/37F) Central Gov. Office Bldg. #6 (S/2F) F* F F* F
8 Records in super high-rise bldg. # Code CG2 YKH OSK SKS Station Central Gov. Office Bldg. #2 (S/2F) Δ A A I (km) JMA Place max A max (X) (Y) (Z) A max B4F* F Yokohama Gov. Office B2F* Bldg. (S/22F) 23F Osaka Government Office Bldg. #3 (S/F) Sakishima Office, Osaka Prefecture (S/2F) B3F* 9 8F F* F Records at station TKD, Tokyo 37-story RC bldg. Disp. (cm) Disp. (cm) Disp. (cm) cm) Disp. (c sp. (cm) Dis Disp. (cm) Displacement F (peak:.8 cm) Disp. on F 27-F (peak:-.94 cm) 8-37F (peak: cm) Disp. on 37F 27-37F (peak: cm) 8(37F-F) (peak: cm) Bldg. disp. (37F-F) 27(37F-F) (peak: cm) Time (sec)
9 psv and Fsp ratio (TKD) Pseudo Vel. Resp. Spectrum (h=2%) s.2s 3.2s 7s Fourier Spectral Ratio 8-37F/8-F 27-37F/27-F UP-37F/UP-F 2.3s 2.3s esponse (cm/s) eudo Velocity Re Pse (cm/s/s) 8-F 27-F UP-F.. Period (sec) st Natural.(cm) Period Pseudo velocity response Spectra (F, h=2%) Spectral Ratio... Period (sec) Fourier amplitude ratios (37F/F) Lissajous curves (TKD) Disp. Orbit (cm) 3-2 sec 2-4 sec 4-6 sec 6-8 sec 8- sec -2 sec 2-4 sec 4-6 sec 8-F 8-F F N sec 8-2 sec 2-22 sec sec sec sec 28-3 sec 3-32 sec F Disp. Orbit (cm) F F F F F F 27-F -2 sec 2-4 sec 4-6 sec 6-8 sec 8- sec -2 sec 2-4 sec 4-6 sec F 8-37F -3 37F N sec 8-2 sec 2-22 sec sec sec sec 28-3 sec 3-32 sec 8-37F F 27-37F 27-37F 27-37F 27-37F 27-37F 27-37F 27-37F
10 Records at station SKS, Osaka 2-story Steel bldg. Disp. (cm) Disp. (cm) Disp. (cm) cm) Disp. (c sp. (cm) Dis Disp. (cm) Displacement F (peak:- 9.3 cm) Disp. on F 39-F (peak: cm) 229-2FN (peak: 3.86 cm) Disp. on 2F 39-2FN (peak: cm) 229-2F-F (peak: cm) Rel. disp. (2F-F) 39-2F-F (peak: cm) Time (sec) psv and Fsp ratio (SKS) Pseudo Vel. Resp. Spectrum (h=2%) 6.7s 7.s Fourier Spectral Ratio 229-2FS/229-F 39-2FS/39-F UP-2FS/UP-F 6s 6.s 69s 6.9s esponse (cm/s) eudo Velocity Re Pse (cm/s/s) 229-F 39-F UP-F.. Period (sec).(cm) st Natural Period Pseudo velocity response Spectra (F, h=2%) Spectral Ratio... Period (sec) Fourier amplitude ratios (2F/F)
11 Lissajous curves (F, TKD) Disp. Orbit (cm) -2 sec 2-4 sec 4-6 sec 6-8 sec 8- sec -2 sec 2-4 sec 4-6 sec 229-F - F N 6-8 sec 8-2 sec 2-22 sec sec sec sec 28-3 sec 3-32 sec 229-F sec sec sec 38-4 sec 4-42 sec sec sec sec 229-F sec -2 2 sec sec sec sec 8-6 sec sec sec 229-F sec sec 68-7 sec 7-72 sec sec sec sec 78-8 sec 229-F F 39-F 39-F 39-F 39-F 39-F 39-F 39-F Lissajous curves (2F, TKD) Disp. Orbit (cm) -2 sec 2-4 sec 4-6 sec 6-8 sec 8- sec -2 sec 2-4 sec 4-6 sec N 229-2FN - 2F N 6-8 sec 8-2 sec 2-22 sec sec sec sec 28-3 sec 3-32 sec 229-2FN sec sec sec 38-4 sec 4-42 sec sec sec sec 229-2FN sec -2 2 sec sec sec sec 8-6 sec sec sec 229-2FN sec sec 68-7 sec 7-72 sec sec sec sec 78-8 sec 229-2FN FN 39-2FN 39-2FN 39-2FN 39-2FN 39-2FN 39-2FN 39-2FN
12 psv in Tokyo, Nagoya and Osaka Pseudo Vel. Resp. Spectrum (h=2%) 8-F 27-F UP-F ~.2s 3s 7s Pseudo Vel. Resp. Spectrum (h=2%) 74-B2F 264-B2F UP-B2F 3s 7 cm/s Pseudo Vel. Resp. Spectrum (h=2%) 229-F 39-F UP-F 7s sponse (cm/s) Pseudo Velocity Res (cm/s/s) sponse (cm/s) Pseudo Velocity Res (cm/s/s) sponse (cm/s) Pseudo Velocity Res (cm/s/s)..(cm)..(cm)..(cm)..... Period (sec) Tokyo bay (F) Δ=38 km.. Period (sec) Nagoya (B2F) Δ=493 km.. Period (sec) Osaka bay (F) Δ=77 km Damaged buildings seriously damaged SRC building I JMA 6- (Sendai) 3 slightly damaged SRC buildings I JMA +: (Iwaki and Tsukuba) MIZ IJMA OSK, SKS MTS ISK KSO NGY AKT HRH HKD HKU HCN2, HCN MYK TRO THU, NIG SND TAMA2, MIYA2 NGN YMN SMZ SMS IWK KGC HRO 2/3/ 4:46(JST) h=24 km, M9. km
13 Records in damaged buildings Code THU IWK ANX Station Tohoku University (SRC/9F) Δ A A I (km) JMA Place max A max (X) (Y) (Z) A max F* F Iwaki City Hall BF* (SRC/8F) 9F BRI Annex (SRC/7F) 33.3 GL* BF F BRI Main BF (SRC/8F) 8F ANX: BRI buildings 8- and 7-story SRC buildings (with BF) 22 sensors in two buildings and ground Annex bldg. Main bldg.
14 layout at ANX N27E Annex Main N8E A Google Map Sensor configuration at ANX D C B Annex BFE, 8FE MainMBC, M8C G F E D A C BF Plan A 27 N Annex Main FN, 8FS FW 8FE FE Exp.J M8C MC M8E FW BFN, BFS 2FE FE BFE MBC Section
15 Acc. and psv on GL at ANX Acceleration (cm/s/s) (cm/s/s) (cm m/s/s) A (peak: cm/s/s) 27-A (peak: cm/s/s) UP-A (peak: cm/s/s) Time (sec) Pseudo Vel. Resp. Spectrum (h=%) 2 /s) ity Response (cm/ Pseudo Veloci (cm/s/s) 8-A 27-A UP-A 2.. Period (sec).(cm) psv on GL (h=%) Natural periods of annex bldg. Acc. in N8E Acc (gal 7 (a) Acc. in N8E 8F(N8E) BF(N8E) Acc. in N27E 7 7 Acc (gal (b) Acc. in N27E 8F(N27E) BF(N27E) Disp. in N8E Disp. in N27E Natural period 7 (c) Rel.Disp. in N8E Disp (cm) (d) Rel.Disp. in N27E Disp (cm). (e) Natural period. T (s)... times N8E N27E 2 Time(s)
16 Natural periods of main bldg. Acc. in N8E Acc (gal) 7 (a) Acc. in N8E 8F(N8E) BF(N8E) Acc. in N27E 7 7 Acc (gal) (b) Acc. in N27E 8F(N27E) BF(N27E) Disp. in N8E Disp. in N27E Natural period 7 (c) Rel.Disp. in N8E Disp (cm) (d) Rel.Disp. in N27E Disp (cm). (e) Natural period. T (s).. N8E N27E 2 Time(s) Damage to expansion joint at ANX
17 Calculation of exp.j.. displacement D 9. C. 8. B 9 A x 2 = x + L2 cosθ 8FN y = y + L sinθ (x (x, y ) 2, y 2 ) 2 2 (x, y ) θ ( x x ) cosθ = L L L 2 8FE ( y y ) sinθ = Exp.J 8FS x2 = x x y L L2 + ( x ) L L2 + ( y ) L 2 = y y Displacement of expansion joint Rel.Disp.(8,8F-BF) (cm) (cm) Rel.Disp.(27,8F-BF) Annex Main Time (s) displacement (8F-BF) Rel.Disp. (8, 8FE-M8C) (cm m) 2 cm > clearance Rel.Disp. (27, 8FE-M8C) (cm m) Time (s) Displacement of expansion joint (8F)
18 Conclusions 6 (out of 79) stations from Hokkaido to Kansai were triggered 3 buildings in Tohoku and Kanto area were shaken by earthquake motions with JMA seismic intensity - ( lower) or more Long-period motions with long durations and response of high-rise buildings were recorded in Tokyo and Osaka Conclusions SKS building in Osaka bay area showed notable response as a result of resonance and long duration 4 buildings suffered damage which can be identified from strong motion data One was serious and other were repairable A collision between adjoining buildings at ANX
19 Welcome to Thank you for your attention
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