Submesoscale eddies in the Gulf of Lion
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1 Submesoscale eddies in the Gulf of Lion A. Petrenko, A. M. Doglioli, Z. Hu G.Rougier, J.-L. Fuda, F.Diaz, B. Queguiner, S. Blain (now Banyuls), P. Rimmelin, O. Grosso, R.Campbell
2 Gulf of Lion presentation Montpellier M Description : - surface ~ km 2 T dilution zone plume cap Sicié - mean depth ~ 80 m - numerous canyons cap Creus Courant Nord E-SE 1- Rhone plume 2- Winds : Tramontane, Mistral, East / South-East 3- Northern Current (NC)
3 Cruises: Sarhygol ( ) Golts/Argol/Colargol ( ) Ecolophy ( ) - Shelf circulation - Intrusions of the NC - NC instabilities André et al., Ocean Dyn Forget and André, Sensors, 2007 Gatti et al., CSR 2006 Ouillon and Petrenko, Opt.Exp Petrenko et al., CSR 2005 Petrenko et al., JMS Symphonie Dufau et al., JGR 2004 Estournel et al., JGR 2003 Herrmann et al., JGR 2008 Marsaleix et al., OM 2008 (etc...) GOLTS: Gulf Of Lion Time Series ( ADCP; stations CTD/XBT) SARHYGOL; MOOGLI réseau ECOLOPHY
4 project LATEX (LAgrangian Transport EXperiment) Pilot project 2007 Main project Objective: influence of submesoscale coupled physics biogeochemistry on cross-shelf (coast-offshore) exchanges Methodology : lagrangian strategy to follow a submesoscale eddy using lagrangian floats and an inert chemical tracer (SF6) Multi-disciplinary project + multi-«tools» (lagrangian floats, SF6, hull-mounted ADCP, moorings, satellite images, modelling, gliders, radars) for the 2010 cruise Petrenko PIs: Frédéric Diaz and Anne Project LEFE/IDAO/CYBER Région
![State of the art before LATEX Figure 11 from Millot [1979], with a sketch of wind-induced circulation at the surface drawn coherently with](/docs-images/78/78184213/images/5-1.jpg "infrared and in situ data. Figure 2 from Millot [1982], showing the infrared thermography obtained on the August 1, 1977 at about 09 00 TU")
5 State of the art before LATEX Figure 11 from Millot [1979], with a sketch of wind-induced circulation at the surface drawn coherently with infrared and in situ data. Figure 2 from Millot [1982], showing the infrared thermography obtained on the August 1, 1977 at about TU
6 LATEX MODELLING Wavelet analysis of relative vorticity fields modelled by Symphonie with C. Estournel et P. Marsaleix [POC, Toulouse] + Lagrangian floats with B.Blanke et N.Grimas [LPO, Brest] EXPERIM Sept 07 - Tests of real-time communication with floating buoys Sept 08 Eddy mapping
7 Anticyclonic eddy A1(01) tracking duration: 32 days; movie shown for the second part of his life (August 1 18) WATERS: Wavelet analysis on relative vorticity (LPO*) calculated from Symphonie (POC) modelled currents *[Doglioli et al., 2007] - Anticyclonique + Cyclonique Hémisphère Nord Web site ZiYuan Hu
8 Anticyclonic eddy A1(01) tracking duration: 32 days; movie shown for the second part of his life (August 1 18) WATERS: Wavelet analysis on relative vorticity (LPO*) calculated from Symphonie (POC) modelled currents *[Doglioli et al., 2007] - Anticyclonique + Cyclonique Hémisphère Nord Web site ZiYuan Hu
9 Submesoscales coastal eddies Numerical results in the Gulf of Lion - Cyclonic eddies moving westward mean characteristics: 20 days, diameter 35 km; - hot, + salty, SSH high than ambient waters [Zu, 2007]
10 Zonal eddy motion Zonal motion [Cushman-Roisin et al., 1990] Figure for a cyclone 2 effects: a) Effet béta Coriolis force non homogeneous in the eddy b) Reaction on the eddy created by the displaced particles Anticyclone westward Cyclone eastward c2 > c1 westward motion for both cyclones and anticyclones Anticyclone and cyclone westward
11 Submesoscales coastal eddies Numerical results in the Gulf of Lion - Cyclonic eddies moving westward mean characteristics: 20 days, diameter 35 km; - hot, + salty, SSH high than ambient waters - Anticyclonic eddies stuck on the western side of the gulf mean characteristics: 40 days, diameter 45 km; + hot, - salty, SSH + high than ambient waters [Zu, 2007]
![Meridional eddy motion «Strange encounters of eddies with wall» [Nof, 1999] 3 processes: «Mirror» effect: motion poleward [Minato, 1982] Meridional motion:](/docs-images/78/78184213/images/12-0.jpg "compression of the water column by the eddy+ vorticity conservation: Force equatorward «Rocket» effect: poleward due to the gradually peeling onion [Nof, 1988]")
12 Meridional eddy motion «Strange encounters of eddies with wall» [Nof, 1999] 3 processes: «Mirror» effect: motion poleward [Minato, 1982] Meridional motion: compression of the water column by the eddy+ vorticity conservation: Force equatorward «Rocket» effect: poleward due to the gradually peeling onion [Nof, 1988] Nord
![Meridional eddy motion «Strange encounters of eddies with wall» [Nof, 1999] Non-linear analytical solution (+ numerical simulations) with](/docs-images/78/78184213/images/13-0.jpg "the 3 effects show that: - mirror effect: negligeable - the eddy stays at a constant latitude - leaks fluid toward the equator until its")
13 Meridional eddy motion «Strange encounters of eddies with wall» [Nof, 1999] Non-linear analytical solution (+ numerical simulations) with the 3 effects show that: - mirror effect: negligeable - the eddy stays at a constant latitude - leaks fluid toward the equator until its «death»
14 Work in progress; latest numerical results) Sensitivity tests * on the spatial resolution - 3 km resolution - nesting «one way» 1 km * on the attenuation coefficient δ of the diffusion scheme Advection scheme: upwind scheme [James, 1996] + a Leapfrog time-stepping scheme (Φ either u or v) 0 δ 1 δ=0 no dissipation δ=1 maximum dissipation
15 Work in progress; latest numerical results) 3 km A=C ste 3 km δ=0.2 3 km δ=0.8 SeaWiFs Chl a 1 km δ=0.2 1 km δ=0.8
16 Work in progress; latest numerical results) The model resolution affects the accuracy in reproducing the eddy structures in both position and size. The variation of the coefficient δ plays a role in the coherence of the eddy, with diminishing importance as the resolution increases. Satellite imagery suggests that, to obtain a comparable size and position of the eddy, we have to use the 1-km resolution and δ = 0.8.
![Marsaleix [POC, Toulouse] + Lagrangian floats with B.Blanke et N.](/docs-images/78/78184213/images/17-1.jpg "Grimas [LPO, Brest] EXPERIM Sept 07 - Tests of real-time communication")
17 LATEX MODELLING Wavelet analysis of relative vorticity fields modelled by Symphonie with C. Estournel et P. Marsaleix [POC, Toulouse] + Lagrangian floats with B.Blanke et N.Grimas [LPO, Brest] EXPERIM Sept 07 - Tests of real-time communication with floating buoys Sept 08 Eddy mapping
18 Submesoscale eddies Mini-cruise Latex 08 (Sept 1-6, 2008) Before the cruise During the cruise Aug h34 Aug h49 Sept. 2 10h26 Sept. 3 21h28 AVHRR images
19 Submesoscale eddies Latex08 Eddy on the continental slope Hull mounted ADCP Lagrangian floats SST 2/09 ADCP 5/09 at km from the center, ellipse completed in 5 days at 30 cm/s
20 Submesoscale eddies Remaining questions (among others): Where is the water of the eddy coming from? Where is it going? Use of the numerical tool ARIANE (Blanke et Grima, LPO) What is the impact of these eddies on biogeochemistry? Use of a coupled physics-biogeochemistry model: Symphonie (POC) + Eco3M (Baklouti et al., LOPB) What is the impact of these eddies on cross-shelf exchanges? Use of WATERS-3D + ARIANE to study the interaction between the eddy and the Northern Current + Analysis of in situ measurements post- LATEX 2010
21 LATEX financed by LEFE, PACA Region and BQR LATEX team (LOPB, COM): A. Petrenko, A. M. Doglioli, Z. Hu, G. Rougier, J.-L. Fuda, F.Diaz, B. Queguiner, S. Blain (now Banyuls), P. Rimmelin, O. Grosso, R.Campbell Partners: C. Estournel et P. Marsaleix, POC, Toulouse (hydrodynamic model) B. Blanke et N. Grimas, LPO, Brest (ARIANE; lagrangian floats) T. Labasque et L. Aquilina, CAREN, Rennes (tracer SF 6 ) F. Birol, LEGOS, Toulouse (coastal altimetry) M. Zhou, sabbatical at LOPB (towyo) H. Claustre, LOV, Villefranche (gliders with bio-optic sensors) P. Testor et L. Mortier, LOCEAN-ENSTA, Paris (gliders) A.-L. Griffa, RSMAS Miami- CNR Italie (lagrangian floats, meso-scale) J. Boutin, LOCEAN, Paris (CARIOCA buoys, pco 2 ) E. Bosc, AIEA, Monaco (satellite imagery) I. Obernosterer, LOBB, Banyuls (bacteria) M. Pujo-Pay, LOBB, Banyuls (carbon fluxes) and others
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