Instrumented Ballast Tank Studies to Examine Ballast Management Practices

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1 Instrumented Ballast Tank Studies to Examine Ballast Management Practices Tom Johengen, CILER-U.Michigan David Reid, NOAA-GLERL Phil Jenkins, Jenkins & Assoc. Hugh MacIsaac, U. Windsor Greg Ruiz, SERC Fred Dobbs, Old Dominion Univ. USCG 26 Ballast Water Conference Cleveland, OH

2 Identifying, Verifying, and Establishing Options for Best Management Practices for NOBOB Vessels Sponsors: Great Lakes Protection Fund U.S. Coast Guard NOAA Acknowledgement and thanks to: Shipping Agencies, Vessels and Crew

3 Identifying, Verifying, and Establishing Options for Best Management Practices for NOBOB Vessels Objectives: Assess the effectiveness of specific ballast management practices on sediment accumulation and characteristics within ballast tanks. Assess the effectiveness of specific ballast management practices to reduce the density and viability of organisms and resting stages. Characterize source invertebrate populations and assess salinity toxicity as a barrier to prevent transfers of high risk species to the Great Lakes in ballast tanks.

4 Ship Start End Tank Location Irma 7/28/24 11/3/24 4S Bellmouth 5S Bellmouth hand-held Over-the-side Record of Instrumented Voyages -4 ships -9 voyages - (latest not shown) Irma 4/26/25 9/6/25 4S Bellmouth 5S Bellmouth Irma 9/6/25 12/2/25 4S Bellmouth 5S Bellmouth Irma 12/2/25 4/28/6 4S Bellmouth 5S Bellmouth 5S Mid-tank, inner, floor 5S Aft, outer bilge, floor 5S Aft, outer bilge, high 5S Forward, outer bilge, floor 5S Forward, outer bilge, high Irma 4/28/6 7/8/6 5S Aft, outer bilge, floor 5S Mid-tank, inner, floor 5S Forward, outer bilge, floor Lady Hamilton 6/3/25 8/17/25 3S Bellmouth 5S Bellmouth 5S Mid-tank, inner, floor 5S Mid-tank, inner, high 5S Mid-tank, outer bilge, floor 5S Mid-tank, outer bilge, high Lady Hamilton 8/17/25 11/1/25 3S Bellmouth 3S Mid-tank, outer bilge, floor 3S Mid-tank, outer bilge, high 5S Bellmouth (added to existing) 9/2/25 11/1/25 5S Mid-tank, outer bilge, floor 5S Mid-tank, outer bilge, high Federal Ems 9/29/25 12/28/25 5S Aft ladder, by traps (IETrap Experiment) 5P Aft ladder, by traps

5 Sediment Distribution Foreward, Outer Bilge Aft, Outer Bilge

6 Sediment Distribution Inner Bays Outer Bays

7 Instrumented Ballast Tank

8 Schematics of Instrument Spacing within the Ballast Tank

9 Table Ballasting 1. Ballasting History history summary for MV/IRMA for the MV/IRMA for for voyage the project period July July through December Nov Sonde Data Ship Ballast History Time Depth SpCond Local Time Port Ballast Activity 7/29/4 Instruments Started 29-Jul Cleveland, US 8/2/4 9: /2/4 11: Aug 8-93 Burns Harbor, US Ballast FW 8/3/4 11: /3/4 11: Aug Burns Harbor, US Ballast FW 8/5/4 23: /6/4 1: Aug Thunder Bay, Canada Deballast 9/9/4 1: /9/4 6: Sep Manfredonia, Italy Ballast SW 9/11/5 : /11/5 1: Sep Mid-ocean Exchange 9/11/5 3: /19/4 13: /19/4 17: Sep Ashdod, Israel Deballast 1/5/4 14: /5/4 15: Oct Mid-ocean SW Flushing 1/5/4 18: T 1/5/4 18: /2/4 7: /3/4 2: Nov Aratu, Brazil Ballast SW 11/3/4 22: Nov Aratu, Brazil Ballast SW 11/6/4 3: /6/4 8: Nov Maceo, Brazil Deballast 11/3.4 End Deployment 3-Nov Cleveland, US

10 Characterize timing, amount, and chemistry of ballast activity and source water Salinity (ppt) Depth /22 8/11 8/31 9/2 1/1 1/3 11/19 12/ /22 1 8/11 8/31 9/2 1/1 1/3 11/19 12/9.8 Salinity (ppt) /22 8/11 8/31 9/2 1/1 1/3 11/19 12/9

11 Characterize water quality variation in source water and storage effects Depth (m) /29 12/14 12/29 1/13 1/28 2/12 2/27 3/14 Chlorophyll (ug/l) /29 12/14 12/29 1/13 1/28 2/12 2/27 3/14

12 Spatial Variation in Resuspension of Residual Sediment Fore Mid Aft

13 Ballasting Event Depth /8 12/9 12/1 12/11 12/12 Ballasting Event 6 5 Turbdity /8 12/9 12/1 12/11 12/12

14 Ballasting Event : Seawater Depth :12 : 4:48 9:36 14:24 19:12 : Ballasting Event : Seawater 8 Turbidity :12 : 4:48 9:36 14:24 19:12 :

15 Ballasting Event Depth :48 9:36 14:24 19:12 : 4:48 9:36 14:24 Ballasting Event 3 25 Turbidity :48 9:36 14:24 19:12 : 4:48 9:36 14:24

16 Ballasting Event /5/6 : 1/5/6 12: 1/6/6 : 1/6/6 12: 1/7/6 : 1/7/6 12: 1/8/6 : 1/8/6 12: Depth Ballasting Event /5/6 : 1/5/6 12: 1/6/6 : 1/6/6 12: 1/7/6 : 1/7/6 12: 1/8/6 : 1/8/6 12: Turbidity

17 Deballasting Event Depth :48 : 1:12 2:24 3:36 4:48 Deballasting Event 25 2 Turbidity :48 : 1:12 2:24 3:36 4:48

18 Instrumented Trap Experiment Stbd. Exchanged Tank -ambient - with sediment - without sediment Port Control Tank -ambient

19 Instrumented Trap Experiment 45 Marinus Green: Instrumented Trap Experiment 4 35 Trap Exch Ambient Trap + Sed Cont Ambient Salinity (ppt) T 8/31 9/2 9/4 9/6 9/8 9/1 9/12 9/14 9/16

20 Instrumented Trap Experiment Marinus Green: Instrumented Trap Experiment Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) Trap Trap + Sed Exch Ambient Cont Ambient T 8/31 9/2 9/4 9/6 9/8 9/1 9/12 9/14 9/16

21 Conclusions Although ballast tanks are generally a lousy place to deploy water quality instruments: Instrumentation can be effective for helping to determine timing, amounts, and chemistry of ballasting Instrumentation can be used to help understand water quality changes that occur in ballast water during voyages Instrumentation has helped verify sedimentation rates and the potential for sediment resuspension and redistribution or flushing from the tank There may be promise, with improved sensor technology, to use in-tank instrumentation to help verify compliance with future ballast treatment requirements and standards.

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