General Safety Instructions

Transcription

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2 Effective January014 These General Safety Instructions apply to all employees of MTA Metro-North Railroad. They supersede all previous Safety Rules and General Safety Instructions. Anne E. I(jrsch Chief Safety Officer ~foi-a Jo~ Senior Vice President - Operations D Metro-North Railroad

3 Safety Statement Safety is the most important factor in everything we do. Metro-North Railroad is committed to safety. We continually strive to create an environment where safety is Priority One and to reduce the risk of all accidents and injuries. To demonstrate our commitment to safety: Metro-North provides safety programs, training and equipment to enable and encourage employees to avoid accidents and injuries, and report any that do occur. All Metro-North employees are committed to working safely. All employees must be familiar with Metro- North General Safety Instructions (GSI).

4 Table of Contents Table of Contents SAFETY ESSENTIALS SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES OF ALL EMPLOYEES Working Safely Supervisor Responsibilities Reporting Incidents and Unusual Occurrences Reporting and Investigation of Employee and Non-Employee Injuries Policy Against Harassment Information Disclosure Job Safety Briefing Drugs and Alcohol Right to Refuse to Perform Work GENERAL SAFETY First Aid Supplies and Equipment Possession of Firearms or Other Deadly Weapons Cell Phone/Electronic Device Use Personal Safety Inspection Slip, Trip, and Fall Hazards Office Safety PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) PPE Policy

5 Table of Contents General Safety Instructions Caring for PPE Standard PPE HEARING PROTECTION Hearing Conservation Program (HCP) Noise Survey RESPIRATORY PROTECTION Respiratory Protection Program Operational Work Procedures Respirator Cleaning and Storage Air-Purifying Respirator Use Guidelines Approved Air Purifying Respirators and Catridges Voluntary Use of N 95 Respirator SEASONAL PRECAUTIONS Winter Safety Insect Borne Viruses Warm Weather Safety Hazardous Vegetation HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Material Safety Data Sheets/Safety Data Sheets Employees Rights Under the Law Approval of Chemical Products Emergency Response for Hazardous Materials Released By Freight Carriers

6 Table of Contents BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS Actions That Cannot Transfer Disease Minimizing Risk of Exposure Responding to Possible Exposure LEAD MANAGEMENT ASBESTOS MANAGEMENT FIRE PREVENTION Fire Prevention Plan Facility Contingency Plans Fire or Explosion Emergency Evacuation Emergency Egress Fire Detection and Suppression Systems and Fire Protection Equipment Fire Extinguishers Flammable/Combustible Liquids Hot Work Fire Prevention General EQUIPMENT AND TOOL USE Safety Rules for Operating Equipment and Tools Machine Guarding Tool Inspection Tool Storage Hand and Power Tool Use Specific Tool Use

7 Table of Contents General Safety Instructions CRANES AND HOISTING EQUIPMENT Cranes and Hoists Rigging Working with Cranes Crane and Hoisting Signals Standard Crane Hand Signals Personnel Hoisting POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS Truck Operation Operating or Driving Load Handling Repairs Fueling/Recharging MOTOR VEHICLES Driver Requirements Passenger Requirements Motor Vehicles Operation Vehicle Safety Reverse Movement Parking and Securing Vehicles Vehicle, Machinery, and Equipment Fueling Transport of Hazardous Material Special Equipment Mounted on Vehicles or Trailers Work Under Vehicles or Trailers

8 Table of Contents Vehicle-Mounted Aerial Work Platforms Scissor Lifts Boom-Mounted Basket or Bucket WELDING AND BURNING General Requirements Equipment Use Hose Protection Fire Prevention Welding Screens Container Work Cutting Rail under Tension Electric Welding Torch Outfit Set-Up Completion of Work Dismantling Torch Outfit MATERIAL HANDLING General Requirements Handling Specific Material Using Material Handling Equipment Using Off-Track Material Handling Equipment Securing Loads and Transporting Materials Disposing of Potentially Damaging Material

9 Table of Contents General Safety Instructions COMPRESSED GAS General Requirements Inspecting Cylinders for Leaks Handling Cylinders Using Oxygen and Acetylene Storing and Transporting Cylinders Using Compressed Air ELECTRICAL SAFETY Minimum Distance from Exposed Energized Line/Part Rubber Insulating Blanket Using and Wearing Gloves Third Rail Exposed Energized Parts Office Electrical Safety Use of Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCI) Portable and Vehicle-Mounted Generators Batteries Live Parts ON OR ABOUT TRACKS Walking, Sitting, or Standing ontrack Working Near Passing Trains Riding on Equipment Riding on Equipment Inspecting Passing Trains and/or Equipment Working around Standing Equipment

10 Table of Contents Work Following Derailments, Mudslides, Floods, Etc Ensuring Safe Movement of Trains RAILROAD RADIO RULES Allowable Radio Use Radio Channel Selection Radio Voice Test Radio Repair FCC Radio Inspection Identification and Content of Messages Proper Understanding and Acknowledgment CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS ENERGYLOCKOUT/TAGOUT When to Use Locks/Tags Application and Removal of Lockout Devices CONFINED SPACE Procedure Definition Classification Entry Requirements Rescue EXCAVATION AND TRENCHING Pre-work Activities Inspections Safe Entry or Exit

11 Table of Contents General Safety Instructions General Safety WORKING AT ELEVATIONS Protection for the Area Below Equipment Clear of Passing Trains Safety Devices Equipment Inspection Ladders Scaffolds Railroad Bridges ERGONOMICS General Ergonomic Tips Work Station Ergonomic Tips GLOSSARY OPERATIONS DISTRICT MAP MNR TERRITORY MAP EMERGENCY CONTACT NUMBERS 8

12 100.0 Safety Essentials Safety Essentials MTA Metro-North Railroad (MNR) is committed to safety and is determined to create an environment where safety is Priority One. 1. Comply with safety procedures, instructions, training practices, policies, and warnings. 2. A Job Safety Briefing (JSB) must be conducted at the start of each job and when conditions or situations change. 3. Wear the required personal protective equipment (PPE) for the task being performed and for the hazards within the work area. 4. Keep work areas, facilities, vehicles, and equipment clean, orderly, and free of unprotected hazards. 5. Take the proper precautions to protect yourself and others against hazardous energy and substances. 6. The possession and/or use of intoxicants, controlled substances or narcotics are prohibited. 7. Expect the movement of equipment on any track in either direction at any time. 8. Inspect tools and equipment for hazardous defects before and during use. Ensure that defective tools and equipment are immediately removed from service or repaired. 9. Immediately report and properly investigate all injuries and occupational illnesses

13 200.0 Safety Responsibilities of all Employees Safety Responsibilities of all Employees Working Safely Working safely is the responsibility of all employees. Follow these basic safety instructions: In case of doubt or uncertainty, take the safest course. Comply with verbal warnings, warning signs, posted instructions, and signs identifying restricted areas, safety and health precautions, or potential hazards. Warn co-workers of all unsafe practices or conditions. Be alert and attentive when performing duties and be properly rested when reporting for duty. Do not sleep while on duty (unless specifically authorized). Take enough time to perform tasks safely. Perform tasks only when authorized and capable to perform them. Do not perform a task alone that can only be performed safely by two or more people. Do not engage in activities not directly associated with your duties that may adversely affect safety. Do not engage in horseplay, practical jokes, or harassment. Do not engage in an unauthorized act that defeats, disables, or modifies the purpose of a safety device

14 200.0 Safety Responsibilities of all Employees General Safety Instructions Work Clothing Recommendations To safely perform their duties, employees must wear suitable clothing and footwear and shall not work shirtless. (Where duties do not require arm protection, short sleeve or T type shirts are permitted.) Employees are prohibited from wearing: Neckwear that may become entangled or caught in machinery or equipment (neckties that are part of prescribed uniforms are an exception). Jewelry that may become entangled or caught in machinery or equipment or contact energized electrical circuits or apparatus. Clothing badly torn or loose enough to be hazardous. Loose or baggy trousers, cuffs, or bottoms must be secured to prevent flapping, catching, or dragging. Short trousers, cut-offs, and tank tops. Clothing or gloves saturated with oil, grease, or other flammables. Head or ear covering which interferes with vision or hearing. Employees must wear shoes of sturdy construction and proper height (not less than 6 inch top preferred) to insure adequate protection. Employees are prohibited from wearing: Open toed shoes, sandals, loafers, and athletic shoes. Shoes with worn, thin, loose, or cracked soles. Shoes with wedge-type soles or without a defined heel of at least 1/2 inch. Cowboy boots, stacked heels, or platform soles. Shoes or overshoes not properly laced, buckled, or zipped

15 200.0 Safety Responsibilities of all Employees Supervisor Responsibilities Supervisors are responsible for the safety of the employees under their jurisdiction. Supervisors also have the following safety responsibilities: Conduct a Job Safety Briefing (JSB) relevant to the task assignment at the start of each job and when conditions or situations change. Ensure that employees work in a safe manner consistent with all company safety rules, procedures, instructions, training practices, policies, and warnings. Routinely observe, correct, and instruct employees to ensure compliance with all safety standards. Warn employees of unusual hazards. Personally and continuously supervise work involving unusual hazards. Instruct employees new to your workgroup, job, facility, or area about potential hazards and safe work practices. Arrange for first aid or emergency medical treatment whenever necessary. If treatment is warranted, emergency medical responders must be called to the scene or the employee must be promptly transported to the closest appropriate medical facility. A supervisor, or in extenuating circumstances, another designated, responsible employee must accompany any injured employee to the medical facility Reporting Incidents and Unusual Occurrences Employees must immediately report all incidents and unusual occurrences arising from railroad operations or affecting railroad property that involve personal injury, property damage, or any threat to personal safety or to the safe and efficient operation of the railroad. This includes, but is not limited to, collisions, derailments, rail-highway grade crossing accidents, theft, vandalism, vehicle accidents, fires, or defects to track, bridges, signals, the electric traction system, or rolling stock

16 200.0 Safety Responsibilities of all Employees General Safety Instructions Employees must also report near misses: any event arising from the operation of the railroad, which under slightly different circumstances, could have resulted in injury or illness to any person or property damage. Employees must immediately notify their supervisors of incidents and occurrences. All incidents that may affect the safe operation of the railroad or require emergency response must be reported immediately to the Operations Control Center (OCC) at or the MTA Police (ext or ) Reporting and Investigation of Employee and Non-Employee Injuries Employees must immediately report injuries that occur while on duty or company property to a supervisor or other designated authority. If you sustain an injury while off duty that affects your ability to perform your duties, report it to your supervisor immediately. A supervisor will ensure that the personal injury is properly investigated and reported. The Incident Reporting and Investigation Guide provides instructions for reporting incidents. Employees must immediately report non-employee injuries (customers, contractors, trespassers, etc.) that occur on company property or arise from MNR operations Policy Against Harassment MNR is committed to complete and accurate reporting of accidents, incidents, injuries, and occupational illnesses that may arise from railroad operation. MNR does not permit or tolerate harassment or intimidation of any person to discourage or prevent obtaining proper medical treatment or reporting an accident, incident, injury, or illness

17 200.0 Safety Responsibilities of all Employees The following practices are NOT a violation of the above policy: Taking steps to enhance a sense of personal responsibility for safe work practices, including employee training, coaching, and counseling for those engaging in unsafe work practices or rules violations. Holding employees accountable through a reasonable discipline program for rules violations. The Chief Safety & Security Officer investigates reports of violations of this policy. Submit alleged violations of this policy in writing to the Chief Safety & Security Officer. Include detailed information in the submission, including the names of all parties involved. MNR will investigate all submissions. Employees who report violations of this policy cannot be harassed or punished for making the report. Employees (including managers, supervisors, officials, or other employees or agents of MNR) who violate any of 49 CFR Part 225 requirements or cause any violation are subject to dismissal and/or civil or criminal penalties Information Disclosure Give all the facts regarding incidents, accidents, personal injuries, or rule violations to those authorized to receive information. No information can be withheld. Information should be disclosed to authorized railroad representatives and officers of the law only. When in doubt as to whether it is permissible to disclose information to any party, consult your department manager Job Safety Briefing (JSB) A JSB is a key safety-planning tool that helps ensure that the job is done right the first time, is injury and damage free, and follows MNR s standards. The briefing is a two-way communication tool to ensure that each team member is alert and focused on the job, knows what the job is, and knows how it will be accomplished. The briefing 200-5

18 200.0 Safety Responsibilities of all Employees General Safety Instructions gives the team a chance to discuss better ways to do the job, things they are not confident about, and what they will be doing. If you are the employee in charge, follow these guidelines when conducting a JSB: Require that all individuals involved in the task attend the briefing. Conduct the briefing at the beginning of the job or at any time during the job as conditions change or new tasks are started. Hold the briefing on the job, at the work site, in the locker room, or wherever the whole crew can gather. Ensure that you discuss the following: o A statement of the job and basic job steps o Assignment of tasks and responsibilities o Existing and potential hazards o Required tools, equipment, and materials o Necessary safeguards and procedures o Special conditions to watch for o When to stop and re-brief o Feedback and questions. If the job is complex, brief it in portions and be alert to changes in job conditions that require a re-briefing. Follow up and ensure each person performs responsibilities so the job proceeds as planned Drugs and Alcohol Follow these standards regarding drugs and alcohol: While on duty, subject to duty, or at any time in areas of company property not accessible to the general public, employees are prohibited from having alcoholic beverages or intoxicants in their possession

19 200.0 Safety Responsibilities of all Employees Employees are prohibited from reporting for service, going on duty, or remaining on duty while under the influence of or when impaired by alcohol. Employees are prohibited from using a controlled substance at any time, whether on or off duty, except as provided in the following paragraph. Employees are prohibited from reporting for service, going on duty, or remaining on duty while using or being under the influence of any prescription or over-the-counter drug or medication that can adversely affect their alertness, coordination, reaction, response, or safety. Employees must have the authorization of the Occupational Health Services (OHS) Department ( ) prior to performing service while taking any drug or medication that is labeled with a warning related to adverse effects in any of the above areas. Employees subject to drug and alcohol testing under company policy or Federal regulations who refuse to provide samples when required are in violation of this rule. Such violation may lead to disciplinary action and penalties up to and including dismissal Right to Refuse to Perform Work As an MNR employee, you have the right to challenge in good faith any directive that violates a Metro-North Roadway Worker Rule, Operating Rule, or safety instruction or policy. You have the right to remain clear of the work area until the challenge is resolved

20 300.0 General Safety General Safety First Aid Supplies and Equipment Ensure that first aid supplies and equipment such as eye wash stations, emergency showers, and first aid kits are maintained in good working order, clearly identified, and are kept free from obstruction and available for immediate use Possession of Firearms or Other Deadly Weapons Do not possess on your person or in a vehicle, locker, or other area firearms or other deadly weapons while on duty or on MNR property. Note: You may carry a knife with a blade shorter than 3 inches. A blade longer than 3 inches is allowed only if you are specifically authorized to use it to perform your job duties Cell Phone/Electronic Device Use Cell phones are useful business communication tools, especially during emergencies or service disruptions. However, care must be taken so that safety is never compromised or attention diverted from safe job performance by its use. Cell phone, personal electronic and electrical device use is expressly prohibited during safety critical tasks, including, but not limited to when: Occupying the traffic envelope on any track. Crossing main line and yard tracks. Operating a train, track equipment, or machinery. Providing Roadway Worker Protection

21 300.0 General Safety General Safety Instructions Driving a company vehicle or driving a private vehicle on company business (unless equipped with a hands free mode of operation). NOTE: During safety critical tasks, earpieces, headphones, Blue Tooth devices or any other related technology not issued by MNR must be removed from the ear Personal Safety Inspection Inspect work locations, tools, equipment, and vehicles for conditions that might cause interference with safe operation, interference with train service, injury, or property damage. If you find such a condition: Take action to protect against the hazard, discontinue activities in the area, or do not use the tools, equipment, or vehicle. Promptly tag defective tools, equipment, and vehicles out of service. Immediately report defects or hazards to your supervisor or person in charge Slip, Trip, and Fall Hazards Follow these guidelines to avoid slip, trip, and fall hazards: Use established and/or designated walkways, crosswalks, routes, and paths, when possible. Avoid tripping and slipping hazards and remove or correct them when possible. If the hazard cannot be corrected, promptly warn others and immediately inform your supervisor or person in charge of the hazard type and location. Do not jump across excavations, holes, or pits. Walk around them. Do not walk or run with hands in pockets. Ensure there is enough light for safe movement. Do not walk into poorly lit areas

22 300.0 General Safety Use handholds and railings when available. Maintain three-point contact (two hands and a foot or two feet and a handhold) when getting on or off equipment or ladders. Watch where you are stepping. Do not carry tools or materials that prevent a secure hand hold or interfere with safe movement when getting on or off equipment or ladders. When walking through halls, passageways, or on steps, keep to the right, use handrails, and use each step of the stairway. Use caution when going around corners. Give way to a person with a load. Be alert to walking conditions. Adjust your gait and activities to accommodate weather, lighting, grade, and surface conditions. Wear approved footwear at all times. Use caution when walking on ballast, uneven, or slippery surfaces Office Safety Follow these guidelines for Office Safety: Use general office equipment such as scissors, staplers, etc. for their intended purposes only and not as hammers, pry bars, screwdrivers, or other tools. De-energize or disconnect equipment prior to cleaning or making adjustments. Do not leave drawers, cabinet doors, or office equipment doors open while unattended. When possible, fill filing cabinets from bottom to top to prevent tipping. Open only one drawer on a filing cabinet at a time to prevent tipping. Do not store excessive materials on top of cabinets that may create a hazard. Use only appropriate step stools and ladders to gain access to out-of-reach places

23 300.0 General Safety General Safety Instructions Never remove grounding wires from equipment and appliances. Do not lean too far back in chairs. Keep the feet of chairs on the ground at all times when seated. Keep razor blades, tacks, and other sharp items in closed containers. Do not allow electrical cords, computer cables, and telephone wires to be tripping hazards. Tape down or insert all cords into appropriate protectors in work areas and walkways. Ensure walkways, exits, and aisle ways are clear and free of obstructions. Footwear must be worn at all times and at a minimum, provide stable footing and adequate protection against common hazards

24 400.0 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) PPE Policy MNR provides personal protective equipment (PPE) to reduce employee exposure to hazards. All employees must comply with these requirements for the use of PPE. Safety is the responsibility of each employee. All employees are required to comply with departmental policies and directions from the supervisor or employee in charge when directed to wear additional PPE beyond the requirements of this policy. All visitors, guests, contractors, and other people invited onto MNR property must adhere to these requirements. Consider PPE the last line of defense in protecting against personal injury or illness. Whenever possible, reduce or eliminate hazards through other means, such as engineering controls, job redesign, job safety analysis, safe work procedures, or substitution of tools, equipment, or chemical products. PPE can only be approved by the Safety Department. No exceptions may be made to the use of approved Standard PPE without written authority from the Chief Safety Officer and the Senior Vice President of Operations Caring for PPE You are responsible for the PPE assigned to you. Your duties include: Maintenance, inspection, cleanliness, and storage of assigned PPE to ensure proper working condition and lack of defects. Immediately report to your supervisor or employee in charge of any PPE that becomes defective or no longer provides the necessary protection

25 400.0 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) General Safety Instructions Ensure that no modifications or alterations are made to PPE that would void its warranty or compromise its function, such as painting hardhats or removing side shields from eyewear Standard PPE Supervisors and employees must be observant and prepared for tasks, conditions, or situations that require PPE beyond these standard requirements. Work procedures, tool and equipment instructions, Job Safety Analyses (JSA), product labels, and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)/Safety Data Sheets (SDS) may indicate the need for additional or specialized PPE. Warning: Do not start work without all necessary PPE. Do not continue work if it is determined that the PPE no longer provides adequate protection Head Protection MNR approved hardhats are required to protect against injuries to the head resulting from falling or flying objects, bumps, or blows to the head or electric shock. Hardhats must be worn at all times when: In designated hardhat areas or facilities. Note: Offices, lunchrooms, break areas, clean rooms, and similar locations may be exempted from hardhat requirements at the direction of facility management. On or about tracks including main tracks, yards, and sidings. Note: Revenue train crews going to or from revenue trains are not required to wear hardhat protection but they must be alert to and avoid the hazards listed below. Note: Employees traveling to or from work locations on designated walkways are not required to wear hardhat protection but they must be alert to and avoid the hazards listed below

26 400.0 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) In a location where there is a risk of falling or flying objects, bumping the head on stationary objects, or contact with electrical conductors. When wearing a hardhat: Always: Adjust your hardhat's headband so that the shell does not touch your head. Inspect your hardhat and suspension daily for cracks, dents, or tears. Ensure the cradle is firm and the straps are in good condition and the suspension is fastened properly. Check the chin strap (if provided) and headband for damage, wear, or stretching. Replace your hardhat if it takes a heavy blow even if you cannot see damage. Never: Wear a hardhat over another hat or hood (except an approved winter liner). It will not fit properly. Make modifications or alterations. Place anything in the suspension area of your hard hat. Wear your hardhat or suspension backwards. Wear a hardhat that is too tight or too loose Eye/Face Protection MNR approved eye and face protection is required to protect employees from hazards when potentially exposed to flying particles, molten metal, liquid chemicals, acids or caustic liquids, chemical gases or vapors (also refer to Section Respiratory Protection), and potentially injurious light radiation. Always wear eye and/or face protection when: In a location designated as requiring eye and/or face protection. On or about tracks, including main tracks, yards, and sidings

27 400.0 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) General Safety Instructions Note: Revenue train crews going to or from revenue trains are not required to wear eye protection but they must be alert to and avoid the hazards listed above. Note: Employees traveling to or from work locations on designated walkways are not required to wear eye protection but they must be alert to and avoid the hazards listed above. If your job intermittently requires eye and/or face protection, carry your eye protection on your person and ensure it is always ready for immediate use. MNR provides prescription safety eyewear, up to one pair per year. Contact your supervisor or the Safety Department for more information

28 400.0 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) A. Eye and Face Protection Chart If exposed to any of the following identified hazards, the listed eye protection is required. Note: This chart does not cover all possible activities and tasks. If you have questions about eye protection for a particular activity or task, ask your supervisor or employee in charge. Chart A: Specific Tasks Requiring Eye Protection Hazard Protection Grinding Tasks/Severe Debris and Dust Conditions Using or dressing grinding wheels, abrasive wheels, or belts Operating machinery or hand-powered tools that cause flying chips, sparks, or particles (for example, machine-operated adzing) Power sawing, power woodworking Power sanding 1 and 4 or 2 and 4 1 or 2 with 4** 2 and 4 2 Spraying, Blowing under Pressure Spray painting, steam cleaning, power spraying of cleaning agents Cleaning or blowing with compressed air, gas, or steam 2 or 2 and 4** 2 and 4 Splashing Using, pouring, or handling open containers of acids, caustics, or other irritants 2 and 4 Fueling locomotives or servicing toilets 1 and 4 or 2 and 4 Handling/servicing liquid filled batteries 2 and

29 400.0 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) General Safety Instructions Chart A: Specific Tasks Requiring Eye Protection Hazard Protection Inspecting, Maintaining, Repairing, and Working in Moving Equipment Riding in moving equipment where there is an exposure to flying particles Operating or riding in the operating cab of a train or locomotive or on-track equipment 1 1 Burning/Welding Acetylene burning, cutting, and welding 3 or 5** Carbon arc cutting, gouging, torch cutting, or MIG/TIG welding 5 Breaking, Picking, Cutting, and Splitting Breaking, or cutting concrete, stone, or cemented ballast Chipping, scraping, picking, or cutting on any hard surface Cutting off rivets, bolt heads, or cotter keys Cutting brush using a weed trimmer or trimming trees Using chain saw 1 or 2 with 4** 1 and 4 or 2 and 4 1 or 2 with 4** 1, 2, or 1 and 4** Chain saw helmet kit Impact Tasks Driving nails or spikes, or nipping 1 Applying or removing rail anchors 1 Reaming any materials 1, 2, or 1 and 4 Key: 1=safety glasses, 2=goggles, 3=burning goggles, 4=face shield, 5=welding hood ** = severe exposure 400-6

30 400.0 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Note: Supervisors or employee in charge may require additional eye and/or face protection Foot Protection Footwear must protect employees from foot injuries due to the common hazards of their work environment or job tasks such as falling or rolling objects, objects piercing the sole, or electrical hazards. When working in storerooms, shops, yards, on the right-of-way, or in any other non-office type facility, the minimum requirements are: A sturdy work shoe or boot with a defined heel of at least ½ inch. Fully fastened or secured. Slip-resistant soles. In good condition. At least a six-inch high ankle. A six-inch high ankle provides additional support and protection against strains, sprains, and twisted ankles. When traveling to or from work in areas such as parking lots, designated walkways, public areas (such as platforms), or when working in an office or attending training, footwear must at a minimum provide stable footing and protection against common hazards. (For example, open toe shoes or high heels do not provide protection when walking on ballast or gravel surfaces.) If in doubt about the proper footwear for your job or for specialized requirements consult your supervisor, employee in charge, or the Safety Department Hearing Protection Refer to Section 500, Hearing Protection for detailed information

31 400.0 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) General Safety Instructions Hand Protection MNR approved protective gloves are required to prevent injuries such as abrasions, cuts, or punctures, chemical or thermal burns, or exposure to temperature extremes or harmful substances. The following is a general guide to the types of protective gloves that are available. If there are questions about the correct glove to use for specific tasks, ask your supervisor, employee in charge, or the Safety Department. Disposables are ideal for one-time use situations where fingertip sensitivity is required such as in medical facilities or clean rooms. They do not provide protection against abrasion, cuts, or punctures hazards. They are appropriate for protection against biological or water-based materials. They can be made of latex or nitrile. Designed to protect both the wearer and product being handled, disposables may provide light protection against dirt and grime. General Purpose Gloves provide protection against abrasion, punctures, and cuts. They are suitable for lifting, moving, and handling. The gloves can be made from a variety of materials, which often are combined, such as cotton knit, leather, or synthetics. Chemical Resistant Gloves protect against penetration by acids, oils, solvents, and other chemicals. They are made from different synthetic materials such as latex, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), nitrile, butyl, or neoprene. Different types provide different chemical resistance, degradation resistance, tactility, and grip patterns. It is important to select the right material and design for maximum protection from the chemicals that you may encounter. Cut Resistant Gloves are made of special materials to lessen the risk of being cut. They provide the best level of protection for tasks like handling sharp objects or using moving blades and cutting tools. Cut and abrasion resistant materials like Kevlar, steel knit, and tough synthetic yarns are used. Manufactured with latex or nitrile coating on palm and fingers, they also provide puncture resistance

32 400.0 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Voltage Resistant Gloves are made of natural rubber for protection in tasks involving electrical voltage. Look for special features such as cuff length, style, and voltage classifications (Refer to Section 2000 Electrical Safety for specifics on using and wearing voltage resistant gloves and protectors). Temperature Resistant Gloves are designed for special purpose tasks involving temperature extremes, flames, or sparks. They are suitable for tasks such as welding or other high heat tasks. They typically have special materials and features such as thick leather, special synthetic coatings, insulation, glass cloth, or aluminized backing. Note: Use the following chart as a guide to protect hands against hazards. The chart does not cover all possible activities and tasks. If you have questions about proper hand protection for a particular activity or task, ask your supervisor or employee in charge

33 400.0 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) General Safety Instructions Chart A: Personal Protective Equipment Hand Protection Guide POTENTIAL HAZARDS CUT Sharps Shards PUNCTURE ABRASION STRIKE AGAINST SPARKS, FLYING CHIPS/ PARTICALS SOLVENTS/ CLEANERS OIL/GREASE ELECTRICAL 1. Welding/bur ning MIG/TIG, electric, gas, or handling molten metal Carbon arc cutting, gouging, torch cutting 2 or 4** 2 or 4** 2 or 4** 2 or 4** 2 or 4** 3. Using chain saws or changing blade Cut-off discs, saws, or other tools with carbide tips or 4** 5. Energized electrical hazards 6. Fueling locomotives 7. Handling cleaning chemicals and solvents 8. Working with or cleaning potentially infectious human body fluids or 2 3**or 2 3 3**- 6(no other hazards)

34 400.0 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Chart A: Personal Protective Equipment Hand Protection Guide POTENTIAL HAZARDS CUT Sharps Shards PUNCTURE ABRASION STRIKE AGAINST SPARKS, FLYING CHIPS/ PARTICALS SOLVENTS/ CLEANERS OIL/GREASE ELECTRICAL 9. Operating hand tools that cause flying chips, sparks, or particles (ex.grinder) or 4** 10. Breaking or cutting concrete, stone, or cemented ballast Greasing small bearings, no other hazards exist 2-3 or 1** 2-3 3or 6(no other hazards) 12. Installing or handling small screws (no other hazards) 13. Using powered hand tools 14. Handling metals or glass 15. Driving nails or spikes, or nipping or 4** 2-1 or 4** 16. Cutting brush using a weed trimmer or trimming trees

35 400.0 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) General Safety Instructions Chart A: Personal Protective Equipment Hand Protection Guide POTENTIAL HAZARDS CUT Sharps Shards PUNCTURE ABRASION STRIKE AGAINST SPARKS, FLYING CHIPS/ PARTICALS SOLVENTS/ CLEANERS OIL/GREASE ELECTRICAL 17. Using hand tool or 6(no other hazards) Key: 1=Cut Resistant, 2=General Purpose, 3=Chemical Resistant, 4=Temperature Resistant, 5=Voltage Resistant, 6=Disposable **=Required based on severity of exposure High-Visibility Vest MNR approved high-visibility vests are required to protect employees from hazards resulting from not being visible to equipment or vehicle operators. These are required when: Working on or about the right-of-way or in yards (except for train and engine employees in revenue service). Maintaining or repairing vehicle crossings at grade. Working near highway vehicle traffic. Working in a designated high-visibility vest area. Note: A high-visibility vest is not required when traveling to or from work or between locations, such as parking lots or designated walkways in shops or yards Respirator Use Refer to Section 600, Respiratory Protection, for detailed information Welding PPE When welding, wear the proper eye protection, face shield, jacket, apron, sleeves, spats, chaps, and/or respirator, as specified

36 400.0 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in , Personal Protective Equipment Guide and Section 600, Respiratory Protection. A. Welding Shade Selection Chart Use this chart to select the proper filter shades for welding and cutting operations. If two or more shade numbers are listed, select the one that best suits your needs. Chart A: Welding Shade Selection Chart Operation 3 5 or 6 6 or Carbon-arc cutting and gouging X X X Gas shielded-arc welding (ferrous & nonferrous) X X X Gas welding: up to ½ Gas welding: ½ and over MIG welding X X X Oxygen cutting Shielded metal-arc welding X X X Soldering TIG welding X X X Torch brazing Electrical Safety Hazards Refer to Section 2000, Electrical Safety, for detailed information PPE Guide Use sound judgment and common sense to ensure proper protection in situations that may be hazardous. Use the following charts as a guide for tasks that require PPE beyond the standard requirements. Some tasks that are performed may not be covered in this chart. For assistance, contact your supervisor, employee in charge, or the Safety Department. X X X X X

37 400.0 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) General Safety Instructions Note: Supervisor or employee in charge may require additional PPE. As with any safety procedures, individual departments may implement more stringent requirements beyond these standards. Chart A: Personal Protective Equipment Guide Welding jacket Chainsaw helmet and chaps Liquidresistant coveralls Welding gloves and helmet Leather leggings, chaps and/or spats Face shield 1. Welding/burning MIG/TIG, electric, gas, handling molten metal. (above floor level) 2. Carbon arc cutting, gouging, torch cutting (above floor level) R R R R R R 3. Using chain saws R 4. Cut-off discs, saws, other tools with carbide tips 5. Electrical hazards (600 volts or greater when potential for an arc exists) 6. Fueling locomotives R R R R Key: R= required, O= optional based on severity of exposure

38 400.0 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Chart A: Personal Protective Equipment Guide Welding jacket Chainsaw helmet and chaps Liquidresistant coveralls Welding gloves and helmet Leather leggings, chaps and/or spats Face shield 7. Handling chemicals with the potential for burn or severe irritation to skin, including prolonged contact w/solvents, greases, oils, or any exposure to liquid filled batteries 8. Pressurized spraying of cleaning agents, paint, power washing, steam cleaning, or overhead washing 9. Washing locomotives or coaches R R R R R O 10. Working with potentially infectious human body fluids Key: R= required, O= optional based on severity of exposure O R

39 500.0 Hearing Protection Hearing Protection Hearing protection is required to protect employees from hazards that may lead to injury or damage to hearing. Hearing protection, like any other PPE, is the last line of defense. Use hearing protection only when engineering and administrative controls do not reduce noise exposures sufficiently. Sometimes, relocating a device or reducing the time spent in a location is enough to reduce exposure to noise. Note: Rule of thumb if you need to raise your voice to communicate with someone within 3 feet, hearing protection is required. Hearing protection is required in the following instances: In a high-noise area or where posted hearing protection signage or special instructions are present. During tasks identified as producing excessive noise. In an area where continuous noise requires raising your voice to be heard at a distance of 3 feet. Examples of power tools that require hearing protection include, but are not limited to: rail saws, grinders, hammer drills, needle guns, jackhammers, grinding wheels, band saws, and impact wrenches. If a position has been identified by MNR as having a potential for routine exposure to excessive noise, the employee in that position is required to wear appropriate hearing protection and participate in the Hearing Conservation Program Hearing Conservation Program (HCP) The primary goal of the HCP (see SOP# ) is to prevent hearing loss due to workplace noise exposures. This HCP satisfies the requirements for occupational noise exposure of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) 49 CFR parts 227 & 229 in conjunction with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Standard 29 CFR

40 500.0 Hearing Protection General Safety Instructions Prior to exposure to excessive noise (85 db), appropriate hearing protection must be worn or reduction of noise exposure must occur Equipment Three types of hearing protection are available as standard stock items. No significant differences exist in noise reduction ratings between the three types. Selection should be based on comfort and convenience. A. Disposable earplugs Disposable earplugs may be utilized if there is infrequent exposure to elevated noise levels. B. Reusable earplugs Reusable equipment may be more convenient if hearing protection is needed frequently. C. Earmuffs Earmuffs may be more comfortable for some individuals than earplugs. Follow the manufacturer s instructions for use and maintenance to ensure that proper protection is achieved. If the earmuffs components are worn or damaged, replace immediately. Specialized hearing protection may be needed for individual employees or groups who have special communication needs or special fitting problems. Warning: Do not use non-approved or makeshift hearing protection. Questions about how to properly select and wear hearing protection, should be directed to a supervisor, employee in charge, or the Safety Department

41 500.0 Hearing Protection Noise Survey MNR has performed noise-level surveys as part of its HCP to measure a baseline of noise levels and to assess that noise reduction techniques are functioning properly. The MNR noise survey is contained within MNR s HCP Audiometric Testing and Training Employees included in the HCP participate in mandatory audiometric testing and training. Audiometric testing is performed by MNR s Occupational Health Services Department or by a contractor working under its direction. Audiometric testing will be performed annually or, as in the case of Train and Engine employees, during required periodic medical evaluations. Audiometric testing and training includes the following topics: Identifying the hazards of noise Understanding audiometric testing results Using hearing protection 500-3

42 600.0 Respiratory Protection Respiratory Protection Do not wear a respirator without being qualified and authorized. Note: Do not wear a respirator if you have facial hair that will interfere with the proper seal of that respirator. This does not relieve you of your responsibilities to perform your work safely. Most tasks requiring respiratory protection are pre-determined and identified in the Respirator training provided by the Training Department. Respirators used at MNR are identified in Section Appropriate level of protection is determined by a variety of factors including but not limited to: Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)/Globally Harmonized System (GHS) for product(s) being used Previous or industry experience Air monitoring results Change in work conditions The supervisor or employee in charge shall determine the appropriate level of respiratory protection required for the specific tasks being performed and shall communicate these requirements to all affected employees. Questions regarding appropriate respirator selection shall be directed to your supervisor, employee in charge, or the Safety Department Respiratory Protection Program When using a respirator, employees must comply with the practices and procedures outlined in the Respiratory Protection Program Requirements When using a respirator, employees must do the following to ensure that the respirator provides the desired protection: 600-1

43 600.0 Respiratory Protection General Safety Instructions Be trained and fit-tested annually by the Training Department or alternate source approved by the Safety Department, for the specific make and model of the respirator used. Be clean-shaven where the respirator seal meets the face. Inspect respirator before use. Clean and properly store the respirator following use. Be approved annually to wear the respirator by having a current report of fitness (MD-40) from the Occupational Health Services (OHS) Department General Use Guidelines Follow these general guidelines when using respiratory protection: Be trained prior to the use of the particular respirator. Follow manufacturer s guidelines regarding the replacement of cartridges. Perform a user fit check before each use. If breathing resistance is experienced during respirator use, immediately go to a safe area to inspect respirator and cartridges. Fit-testing is performed annually. However, more frequent fit-testing is required if one or more of the following conditions occur: Change in facial structure such as scars, hollow temples, facial creases, etc. Loss of teeth Gain or loss of more than 20 pounds Fit-testing cannot occur if any of the following exists: Beards of any kind Mustaches that extend beyond the lip line Long sideburns More than 1 day of beard growth 600-2

44 600.0 Respiratory Protection Punctured ear drum Failure of physical exam Only qualified personnel may perform fit-testing Operational Work Procedures Follow these respirator operational work guidelines: Wear respirators in designated areas and put them on or take them off in a safe area. Use respirators according to manufacturer s instructions. Do not alter respirators. Do not use a respirator if anything interferes with its function or fit Prescription Glasses and Respirators To wear prescription glasses with the respirator, obtain a lens kit from your supervisor or employee in charge to ensure that your glasses fit inside the face piece. Lens kits can be obtained by requisition. The prescription should be filled through the Safety Department Prescription Eyewear Program Respirator Cleaning and Storage After removing the respirator, clean and disinfect it as follows: 1. Take the respirator to a clean, safe location. 2. Wipe the respirator with sanitized wipes or towelettes. 3. Discard any defective parts and replace them immediately. Note: When cleaning and drying respirators only use Safety Department approved Fresh Kit Respirator Cleaner # Dry the parts by hand with a clean, lint-free cloth or allow the parts to air dry

45 600.0 Respiratory Protection General Safety Instructions 5. Store respirators in a clean, safe location where they will not be contaminated, misshapen, or exposed to elements that could affect their operation Air-Purifying Respirator (APR) Use Guidelines Follow these guidelines: Do not use an APR in oxygen-deficient (less than 19.5% oxygen) or IDLH atmospheres. Warning: IDLH stands for immediately dangerous to life or health. Do not use an APR with contaminants having poor warning properties. To use an APR, you must: o Have an annual medical clearance for respirator use. o Attend annual training and fit-testing. o Inspect the respirator before and after use, which includes performing positive/negative pressure tests and testing before use. o Clean the respirator after each day s use or whenever necessary

46 600.0 Respiratory Protection Approved Air-Purifying Respirators and Cartridges Air-Purifying Respirators Description Class and Stock Numbers Remarks Disposable Half Face Voluntary use N95 disposable respirators. Appendix D must be provided prior to use. Half Face Small: Medium: Large: Full Face Small Medium Large: Protects up to 10 times the Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) Fit-testing required. Training required. Protects up to 50 times the PEL. Fit-testing required. Training required. Powered Air- Purifying Respirators (PAPR) Full-face PAPR with P100 (not a class/stock item) Fit-testing required with MSA full-face airpurifying respirator to determine correct size. Training required. Protects up to 50 times the PEL (See Specific Standards for exceptions.) 600-5

47 600.0 Respiratory Protection General Safety Instructions Cartridges Description Dusts, mists, fumes Radionuclides Asbestos P100 Class and Stock Numbers Remarks Disposable metal fume, Welding, Nuisance levels of organic vapor and ozone Organic vapors Paints Lacquers Enamel/Mists Organic vapors Acid gases Voluntary use R95 disposable respirators. Appendix D must be provided prior to use Acid gas Ammonia/ Methylamine Mercury None Limited approval for cleanup of mercury spills

48 600.0 Respiratory Protection Voluntary Use of N 95 Respirator In preparation for a pandemic influenza and as part of a series of protective measures utilizing hygiene practices, MNR is making available the Voluntary Use section (Appendix D), under OSHA s Respiratory Protection Standard 29 CFR , as part of our Respiratory Protection Program. As part of the pandemic planning process, a Job Risk Assessment was performed. All MNR Railroad employees were classified as low, medium, or high risk, based on OSHA s pandemic assessment guidelines. Current recommendations indicate that during a severe pandemic, guidance may be provided that recommends the use of a facemask for medium risk employees. Due to a lack of empirical evidence, and/or medical endorsement MNR does not make it a requirement or, by making the availability of respirator use, imply that use of a respirator will prevent an employee from becoming infected. MNR, as part of an overall series of preventive measures, will make available N95 Filtered Face Pieces for those employees that meet the Medium Risk category, or other categories of employees, as recommended by the Public Health Agencies. The use of these masks is purely at the sole discretion of the individual as part of an overall hygiene based preventive measure. The employee engaged in this voluntary use measure will be provided a copy of OSHA s Appendix D 29 CFR , indicating the limitations described therein regarding respirator use. Please note that the use of a filtering face piece respirator does not qualify the employee as being part of the MNR s Respiratory Protection Program

49 600.0 Respiratory Protection General Safety Instructions Appendix D to Sec (Mandatory) Information for Employees Using Respirators When Not Required Under the Standard Respirators are an effective method of protection against designated hazards when properly selected and worn. Respirator use is encouraged, even when exposures are below the exposure limit, to provide an additional level of comfort and protection for workers. However, if a respirator is used improperly or not kept clean, the respirator itself can become a hazard to the worker. Sometimes, workers may wear respirators to avoid exposures to hazards, even if the amount of hazardous substance does not exceed the limits set by OSHA standards. If your employer provides respirators for your voluntary use, or if you provide your own respirator, you need to take certain precautions to be sure that the respirator itself does not present a hazard. You should do the following: 1. Read and heed all instructions provided by the manufacturer on use, maintenance, cleaning and care, and warnings regarding the respirator s limitations. 2. Choose respirators certified for use to protect against the contaminant of concern. NIOSH, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, certifies respirators. A label or statement of certification should appear on the respirator or respirator packaging. It will tell you what the respirator is designed for and how much it will protect you. 3. Do not wear your respirator into atmospheres containing contaminants for which your respirator is not designed to protect against. For example, a respirator designed to filter dust particles will not protect you against gases, vapors, or very small solid particles of fumes or smoke

50 600.0 Respiratory Protection 4. Keep track of your respirator so that you do not mistakenly use someone else's respirator. [63 FR 1152, Jan. 8, 1998; 63 FR 20098, April 23, 1998] Metro-North Railroad Respiratory Protection plan only allows voluntary use of disposable N95 respirators

51 700.0 Seasonal Precautions Seasonal Precautions Winter Safety Use the following precautions when working during cold weather Exposure to Cold When working outside in the winter, wear warm clothing in several layers. The trapped air between layers insulates and layers can be removed to avoid perspiration and subsequent chill. Frostbite occurs most often on small, exposed areas of the body. Be sure to protect hands, fingers, ears, nose, cheeks, feet, and toes. Wear waterproof boots or overshoes when needed to keep your feet dry. Wear a hat or use an approved hardhat liner. Hoods are prohibited on or about tracks, right-of-way, or around moving equipment Other Cold Weather Precautions When working on the right-of-way, be aware of the following snow and ice challenges: Recognize that obstacles may be covered with snow and cause tripping hazards. Listen carefully for train and equipment sounds that may be muffled by snow Insect Borne Viruses To help avoid the risk of contracting diseases and viruses on the job, understand and adhere to the safety measures in this section Lyme Disease Lyme disease is spread by the bite of infected ticks. In the northeastern United States, the Deer Tick spreads the disease. It 700-1

52 700.0 Seasonal Precautions General Safety Instructions normally feeds on the white-footed mouse, the white-tailed deer, or other mammals and birds. Ticks can attach to any part of the human body, but often attach to the more hidden and hairy areas such as the groin, armpits, and scalp. Symptoms and signs of the early stage of Lyme disease usually include one or more of the following: Fatigue Chills and fever Headache Muscle and joint pain Swollen lymph nodes Characteristic skin rash To decrease the chances of being bitten by a tick, take the following precautions: Avoid tick-infested areas, especially in May, June, and July. Wear light-colored clothing to spot ticks more easily. Wear a hat and a long-sleeved shirt. Tuck pant legs into socks or boots, and tuck shirt into pants. Tape the area where pants and socks meet so that ticks cannot crawl under clothing. Apply insect repellent containing 25% DEET (N, N- diethlymeta-toluamide) on clothes and on exposed skin other than the face. Avoid overhanging grass and brush. Remove clothing after being outdoors, and wash and dry it at a high temperature. Inspect your body carefully. If you locate a tick, remove it with tweezers, grasping it as close to the skin surface as possible and pulling it straight back with a slow steady force. Avoid crushing the tick s body

53 700.0 Seasonal Precautions West Nile Virus West Nile virus is spread to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito. You can reduce the risk of becoming infected with West Nile Virus by taking the following precautions from April to October especially in the evening, nighttime, and dawn hours, when mosquitoes are most active: Wear protective clothing such as long-sleeved shirts and socks. Apply insect repellant with 25% DEET. Note: Use DEET according to the manufacturer s directions Warm Weather Safety When working in hot weather or in other hot conditions, the body may not cool off fast enough to prevent heat-related problems Heat Stress Risk of heat stress depends on physical condition, acclimation to working in the heat, temperature, humidity, and clothing and PPE worn. When working in hot environments, avoid the following medical conditions: Dehydration: when the body loses water, it cannot cool off fast enough. You feel thirsty and weak. Cramps: muscle cramps can develop even after stopping work or activity. Heat exhaustion: symptoms include fatigue, nausea, headache, or dizziness or disorientation. Skin is damp or clammy and looks flushed Heat stroke: hot dry skin and a high temperature, feeling of confusion, convulsions, or losing consciousness. Warning: Heat stroke requires emergency medical help. To protect against heat stress and heat related conditions follow the precautions below: 700-3

54 700.0 Seasonal Precautions General Safety Instructions Drink plenty of water all day. Drink before you feel thirsty. Avoid alcohol, coffee, tea, and caffeinated soft drinks, which cause dehydration. Take rest breaks, preferably in a cool, shady spot. Use fans to cool where available. Wear light-colored clothing made of cotton. Do the heaviest work during the coolest time of the day. Trade rest periods and breaks with other workers, so everyone can rest especially during heavy work. The body needs enough time to adjust to heat, especially when new to a job and/or environment. Be extra careful the first 2 weeks on the job. Take more rest breaks and drink more fluids if you work in heavy protective clothing. Immediately seek emergency medical attention if anyone shows one or more of the following symptoms: Mental confusion or loss of consciousness Extremely pale or flushed skin or face Hot, dry skin (no sweating) Move to the shade, wipe the skin with cool water, and loosen clothing. Use a piece of cardboard or other material as a fan. The following items are available through storerooms: Cooling bandanas (Acct. ref. # ) - help to regulate your body temperature in the hot weather. Sweat Bands (Acct. ref. # ) - assist in preventing perspiration from affecting vision. Sunblock (Acct. ref. # ) - assists in the prevention of sunburn and sun poisoning. Insect repellent (Acct. ref. # ) - helps prevent bites or stings (ticks & mosquitoes). Wearing light colored, tightly woven clothing also helps. Bee/wasp spray (Acct. ref. # ) - eliminates bees, wasps, and hornets in your work area

55 700.0 Seasonal Precautions Pre-exposure and cleansing cream (Acct. ref. # ) - eases exposure to poison ivy Hazardous Vegetation The onset of warm weather promotes the growth of weeds and other vegetation, some of which can cause unsafe conditions Poison Ivy, Oak, & Sumac Exposure to poisonous plants may cause severe itching, inflammation, and blistering. For employees who are exposed to poison ivy, oak, or sumac at work or at home, please take the following precautions: Be able to identify what each plant looks like. Avoid skin contact by wearing the proper protective clothing (long sleeves, long legged pants, and gloves). Use Poison Ivy & Oak Cleanser Kit and Towelettes, available at local storerooms. If contact with the plants occurs, wash thoroughly with soap and cool water. Note: Never burn poisonous plants. When poisonous plants are burned and the smoke is inhaled, a reaction may occur in the lungs resulting in extreme pain and respiratory difficulty. If eaten, the mucus lining of the mouth and digestive tract can be damaged. Poison Ivy is a native plant that thrives on the forest edge. It can grow as a shrub up to 4 feet tall or as a climbing vine. The leaves are light to shiny green and are found in three almond shaped leaflets from 1-5 inches in length. The vine is a reddish brown and often appears hairy. Poison Sumac is a shrub or small tree that can sprout greenish flowers. Poison Sumac usually grows in very wet or flooded/swampy soils, but can be found in many vegetative 700-5

56 700.0 Seasonal Precautions General Safety Instructions environments. The leaves are oval to oblong, grow 2-4 inches in width, and are found in groups of Poison Oak is an upright shrub that grows up to 3 feet tall. The leaves are approximately 6 inches long, with three leaflets. The leaflets are hairy, and when poison oak blooms, the fruit is small, round, and yellowish or greenish in color. Figure 700-1: Poison Ivy, Oak, and Sumac Giant Hogweed Exposure to sunlight and sweat after contact with the sap of the Giant Hogweed plant can cause severe skin and eye irritation. For employees who are exposed to vegetated areas at work or at home, take the following precautions: See identification methods below. Do not touch the plant with bare skin. Wear long sleeves and pants. Protect eyes with safety glasses

57 700.0 Seasonal Precautions Giant Hogweed can grow up to 15 feet tall. Leaves can grow up to 5 feet across. The flowers bud in early summer and are found in white, umbrella-shaped clusters of approximately 50. The stem of the plant is distinctive due to its hairy texture and green color with purple splotches. The sap can be located on all parts of the plant. Upon contact with the sap, wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and cold water as soon as possible. Figure 700-2: Giant Hogweed 700-7

58 800.0 Hazardous Materials Hazardous Materials The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Federal Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) and the New York State Right to Know Law (RTKL) state: Employers must inform employees about toxic substances and chemicals they may be exposed to in the workplace. Employees must have access to Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)/Safety Data Sheets (SDS) directly or upon request. Employees must be trained about: Their rights under the legislation. Chemicals they use and what they may be exposed to. Labeling requirements and the labeling system. Information available on an MSDS/SDS and the general uses of personal protective equipment (PPE) required for the use of a chemical. Training is required before initial exposure, and annually thereafter, or when an exposure changes or updates to the regulation are made (e.g. Globally Harmonized System (GHS)) Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)/Safety Data Sheets (SDS) MSDS are available for all hazardous chemicals. They contain basic information as defined by OSHA s HCS. The Safety Department must approve all materials before they are utilized on MNR s property. MNR s intranet site contains a link to the MSDS/SDS identification system

59 800.0 Hazardous Materials General Safety Instructions Employees Rights Under the Law Employees have the right to: Request in writing, and receive information on toxic substances to which they are exposed at work sites. Refuse to work with a particular toxic substance if they have properly requested such information from the appropriate parties and have not received a written reply within 72 hours. Refuse to waive any rights under the RTKL as a condition of employment. File a complaint with the Department of Labor if these rights have been denied in violation of the law. Exercise any right pursuant to, or directly related to, the RTKL without fear of reprisal Approval of Chemical Products The Safety Department must review and approve all chemical products before purchase or use, including cleaning products and paints. Supervisors and material coordinators are responsible for ensuring that this approval is received prior to bringing a product to MNR. MSDS/SDS and related information are available on the MNR Intranet Site Emergency Response for Hazardous Materials Released By Freight Carriers MNR does not transport hazardous materials. However, MNR shares tracks with freight carriers that transport hazardous materials. Consequently, MNR crews and personnel may be involved in hazardous material incidents that require emergency action. To protect passengers, employees, the public, and the environment during a hazardous material incident, follow these procedures:

60 800.0 Hazardous Materials Emergency Response Procedures When a hazardous material spill or leak occurs, the material carrier should respond to the emergency. That carrier should be fully trained in handling and responding to emergencies and incidents involving every hazardous material they transport. However, use these steps if it is safe to do so: Move the injured person to a safe area away from the incident and other rail traffic, upwind of airborne leaks, and where emergency medical services can reach them. Render first aid only if trained. Avoid coming in contact with bodily fluids if possible. Determine the details of the incident and notify the MTA Police ( ) and the Metro-North Chief Rail Traffic Controller ( ). Provide as much detail as possible concerning: o Location of the emergency or incident o Nature of the emergency or incident, including the hazardous material involved. Note: Obtain this information from placards, which are required on cars that contain hazardous materials. o Condition (intact, leaking, burning) and number of containers involved o Name of the carrier, car numbers, and telephone numbers located on the cars Carefully follow the response activities outlined in the Response Guide for Hazardous Material Emergencies for the hazardous material involved. These activities will contain or neutralize the hazardous materials involved. Note: Do not follow the Response Guide until you positively identify the hazardous material. If this is not possible, do not follow the Response Guide. Instead, follow the instructions of the authorities below. Cooperate fully with the following authorities: o Appropriate MNR or other carrier authority 800-3

61 800.0 Hazardous Materials General Safety Instructions o MTA Police o State and local officials o Other emergency personnel Follow their instructions for evacuating the area, handling material, giving first aid, etc Hazardous Material Container Handling To work with hazardous material containers safely: Ensure that drums containing flammables are grounded and equipped with an automatic shutoff valve. When transferring gasoline or other flammables between containers, maintain metal contact or proper grounding between the containers. Do not store or transport gasoline in unapproved containers. Do not burn or puncture disposable pressurized containers or aerosol spray cans. Do not warm aerosol can contents. Before heating a metal barrel, tank, or drum whether full or empty, remove all bungs, plugs, and manhole covers. Do not use open flames on barrels or drums without following the precautions in Section Container Work. Chemicals transferred to a container other than the one provided by the manufacturer must have a label that includes the same information found on the manufacturer s label. Labeled transfer containers shall also have the name of the owner of the container and the date the transfer was made. If the chemical will be used only by the person making the transfer and used up during a single 8-hour work shift, then the container may be labeled with the name of the chemical only. Do not assume that an unlabeled container is not hazardous. Report all unlabeled containers to the area supervisor

62 900.0 Bloodborne Pathogens Bloodborne Pathogens Certain human bloodborne diseases, such as Hepatitis B (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), can transfer from one person to another in the workplace. This transfer can occur only if a person is exposed to infected blood, bloody materials, or certain internal body fluids. For specific tasks and positions that may risk exposure, refer to MNR s Exposure Control Plan. For specific information on disinfecting procedures, refer to MNR s Bloodborne Pathogens SOP# Actions That Cannot Transfer Disease Current evidence indicates that people cannot contract bloodborne diseases by casual or social contact, such as: Shaking hands Using the same telephone, doorknob, or tools Minimizing Risk of Exposure Whenever handling potentially infectious material, use personal protective equipment (PPE). Minimize the risk of contracting bloodborne diseases by following these guidelines: Always use universal precautions by treating all human blood and certain body fluids as if they are infectious for bloodborne pathogens. No food or drinks are allowed in areas where contact with human body fluids may occur. Always wear safety glasses, face shield, and nitrile gloves, and any other PPE required for the job when directly handling biological waste materials (human blood, bloodied materials, or other body fluids)

63 900.0 Bloodborne Pathogens General Safety Instructions Use a 10-to-1 solution of tap water to regular bleach to clean contaminated equipment or surfaces. Use a proper grabbing tool to pick up contaminated sharp objects and dispose of them in a sharps container. All potentially contaminated materials should be placed in a properly labeled biohazard bag or container. Properly remove and dispose of the gloves and wash your hand thoroughly with soap and water. If syringes or needles are used to self-administer allergy or insulin shots: o Do not dispose of the used needles in company or other trash containers. o Do not share the needles with other employees, or discard the needles on company property other than in an approved sharps container. For additional information on disposing of needles or syringes, contact the Occupational Health Services Department or the Safety Department Responding to Possible Exposure If exposure to biological fluids is suspected, follow these guidelines: 1. Thoroughly wash needle sticks and cuts using disinfectant or soap and water. 2. Vigorously cleanse the potentially affected area for at least 10 seconds, and follow by rinsing under water. 3. Irrigate eyes with clean water, saline, or sterile solution. 4. Report the incident to your supervisor immediately. 5. Immediately seek medical attention. 6. For additional information, contact the MNR Occupational Health Services and the Safety Department

64 Lead Management Lead Management Be aware that lead-containing materials exist primarily in paints, various steel, and older building materials such as painted surfaces, doorframes, and window casings. Workers engaged in tasks that may entrain dust from painted surfaces in the air must be aware of lead in paint. If disturbance of lead-containing materials is suspected, ask your supervisor for guidance or contact the Safety Department for additional information. The following tasks may require participation in the Lead Awareness Program: Engaging in welding operations, rivet-busting, bridge rehabilitation, or other maintenance/repair activities on painted steel. MNR employees in the Lead Awareness Program must complete an annual medical examination. This ensures medical qualification to wear a respirator. Blood level testing is also required as part of the Lead Awareness Program

65 Asbestos Management Asbestos Management MNR acknowledges that asbestos-containing material (ACM) exists in various facilities, sub-stations, steam tunnels, and other areas where employees work. An Asbestos Awareness Presentation is provided to alert employees of asbestos hazards, asbestos types, and procedures for addressing work-related concerns regarding ACM. Contact the Training Department or Safety Department for more information on the Asbestos Awareness Presentation. If ACM is suspected in the work area, or if ACM may be impacted; Stop immediately! Employees are not expected or allowed to remove, repair, or clean-up ACM. Report such concerns to your supervisor or employee in charge, and the Safety Department. The MNR Safety Department will utilize a third party contractor to handle ACM

66 Fire Prevention Fire Prevention Fire Prevention Plan General, company-wide fire prevention information may be found in the MNR Fire Prevention Plan. Topics include fire prevention reporting requirements, fire brigades, inspection and maintenance of fire detection and suppression systems, etc. The Safety Department maintains the MNR Fire Prevention Plan Facility Contingency Plans Instructions for emergency response to fires, explosions, flooding, spills, or releases of hazardous material are covered in facility-specific Emergency and Hazardous Waste Contingency Plans for major facilities. These plans designate primary and alternate emergency coordinators, evacuation instructions, assembly areas, nearest hospitals, yard diagrams, and other facility-specific emergency information. Facility Directors or Coordinators must ensure that facility personnel with responsibilities for implementing these plans are familiar with the plans and are capable of performing assigned tasks. Notification must be made to the Safety Department and the Environmental Compliance & Services Department of any changes affecting these plans Fire or Explosion In the event of a fire or explosion: Activate the building fire alarm. From a safe location, summon emergency response by the quickest available means. By telephone, dial ext or (MTA Police) and provide detailed information regarding the situation and your location. Use all reasonably available means to alert personnel who may be immediately affected

67 Fire Prevention General Safety Instructions If the emergency involves a fire that can be extinguished quickly and safely, extinguish the fire and report the incident to your supervisor. If the fire cannot be extinguished quickly and safely, leave the area, report the fire (see first bullet) and report to your designated area of assembly Emergency Evacuation In an emergency, follow instructions from fire wardens, emergency coordinators, and emergency responders. If necessary to evacuate, do so immediately in a calm and orderly manner. Report directly to the designated area of assembly. Follow instructions from emergency personnel. In the event of fire alarm activation or other emergency notification, you must immediately follow the emergency instructions for your location. Do not ignore or delay your response to the alarm. This may jeopardize your safety or the safety of others. All employees should inform their visitors of the facility s emergency evacuation procedures. Note: Familiarize yourself with the evacuation routes and assembly locations at your facility or any facility you visit Emergency Egress Facility Directors and Coordinators must ensure that emergency exits in their facilities are not obstructed in any way. Emergency exits must be kept clear of debris, material, ice and snow, equipment, etc. All exits should be properly marked and clearly visible Fire Detection and Suppression Systems and Fire Protection Equipment Facility Directors and Coordinators must ensure that fire detection and suppression systems, fire protection equipment,

68 Fire Prevention and related appliances are maintained in good working order. They must not be tampered with or altered in any way that might compromise their function. They must be used only for their intended purpose (for example, standpipe connections and hoses must not be used for any purpose other than fire suppression). Standpipe connections, hydrants, fire hose locations, fire alarm boxes, fire suppression devices, extinguishers, and equipment must be clearly identified and visible. They must be kept clear of debris, material, ice and snow, equipment, or any other obstructions. Blocking of fire lanes, parking vehicles, or placing obstructions within 15 feet of fire hydrants or fire department connections is prohibited Fire Extinguishers All facilities must have at least one portable fire extinguisher. The number and type of fire extinguishers will depend on the potential fire hazard, the construction and occupancy of the facility, and other pertinent factors. If you have a question about the proper fire extinguisher for your location, contact the Safety Department. These are the standard portable fire extinguishers for MNR: 20-pound BC dry chemical extinguisher (# ) 2.5-gallon pressurized water extinguisher (# ) 20-pound CO 2 extinguisher (# )

69 Fire Prevention General Safety Instructions 20 LB BC EXTINGUISHER ITEM # GAL PRESSURIZED WATER ITEM # Figure Types of Fire Extinguishers All employees should be familiar with the location and operation of the fire extinguishers at their work location. Employees should also be familiar with the types of materials in their work area that may need extinguishing. Fire extinguishers should be selected based on the types of fire as described below: Class A: Ordinary Combustibles - Involves materials such as wood, paper, and rubbish. Fight these fires with a water extinguisher. Class B: Flammable Liquids - Involves liquids such as gasoline, diesel fuel, oil, and grease. Fight these fires with a BC extinguisher. Class C: Electrical - Involves electrical equipment. Fight these fires with a BC extinguisher. Facility Directors and Coordinators must ensure that all fire extinguishers are inspected monthly. Inspection tags must be initialed and dated after each inspection is performed

70 Fire Prevention Facility Directors and Coordinators must ensure that portable fire extinguishers are maintained in a fully charged and operable condition. Fire extinguishers must be kept in their designated locations (for example, on a fire extinguisher bracket or in a fire extinguisher cabinet) at all times when not being used. When extinguishers are removed for maintenance or testing, a fully charged and operable replacement unit must be provided. After any use of a fire extinguisher, it must be removed from service and recharged How to Use a Fire Extinguisher If you discover a fire: Activate the building fire alarm. From a safe location, summon emergency response by the quickest available means. By telephone, dial ext or (MTA Police) and provide detailed information regarding the situation and your location. Fight the fire only if: You are sure that the fire is small and is not spreading. Small fires can grow rapidly out of control in minutes. You are sure that you have an escape route and can always keep it at your back. You have the proper extinguisher in good working order and know how to use it. Make sure you know how to operate the extinguisher before you approach the fire. If you cannot control the fire, leave immediately and once you are out, do not reenter for any reason. To extinguish a fire with a fire extinguisher: Be at least 6 to 8 feet away from the fire. Keep the wind and your escape route at your back. Keep the fire in front of you. Never turn your back on a fire. Remember P.A.S.S. o Pull the pin. o Aim the extinguisher at the base of the fire

71 Fire Prevention General Safety Instructions o Squeeze the handle. o Sweep from side to side at the base of the fire. Remember that a 20-pound fire extinguisher will only last approximately 25 seconds and is not a substitute for the Fire Department Flammable/Combustible Liquids Follow these general guidelines for flammable and combustible liquids: Do not use gasoline or other highly flammable liquids for cleaning purposes. Never smoke where flammable or combustible liquids are being used or stored. Only attempt to clean up a flammable or combustible liquid spill if you are properly trained Safety Cans Only the following portable safety cans are approved for flammable liquid storage: Storage Requirement Safety Can 2.5-gallon can gallon can Note: The maximum quantity of flammable or combustible liquids that may be stored in safety cans is 5 gallons. All employees should regularly inspect safety cans to ensure that they do not leak, that the self-closing cover operates properly, and that each can has a flame screen in good condition. Employees should immediately report defects to the supervisor Storage All employees must ensure that flammable or combustible liquids are properly stored in closed, approved metal storage cabinets that are properly vented

72 Fire Prevention Label or clearly mark metal storage cabinets in conspicuous lettering: FLAMMABLE KEEP FIRE AWAY. Clearly mark storage areas or rooms, FLAMMABLE STORAGE AREA, NO OPEN FLAMES, and NO SMOKING if flammable or combustible liquids are stored in them. Facility Directors and Coordinators must ensure that B and C- rated fire extinguishers are easily accessible in areas where flammable or combustible liquids are used or stored Combustible Waste Material Facility Directors and Coordinators must ensure that correctly labeled, metal receptacles with metal covers are provided for the disposal of oily rags, waste, and other combustible materials Hot Work Operations involving an open flame or a process that will produce excessive heat and/or sparks are considered hot work. This includes, but is not limited to: brazing, cutting, welding, heavy grinding, soldering and thawing pipe, torch applied roofing, or temporary heating. A Hot Work Permit (HWP) must be obtained for any of the operations/processes described above. The permit is intended to ensure that the necessary safety precautions are in place prior to the start of work. For questions on the requirements for HWPs, contact your supervisor, employee in charge, or the Safety Department. The Safety Department is responsible for issuing the HWP to the immediate supervisor responsible for the work. The GCT Fire Brigade issues HWPs for GCT. HWPs are issued for a maximum six-month period, unless otherwise stated. Permits must be displayed at the work location

73 Fire Prevention General Safety Instructions Fire Prevention - General Portable heaters The following portable heaters are prohibited: Portable electric heaters (space heaters) with electric elements that glow bright red or orange. This heater distributes energy as high radiant heat and uses 1500 watts or more of electricity. Gas or fuel fired space heaters for use indoors. (These appliances may be approved for special use with express permission of the facility manager and if an HWP is obtained.) The following types of portable heaters are permitted with approval of the local manager. All portable heaters must be ULapproved: Oil-Filled - A non-combusting electric oil-filled heater that distributes heat by natural convection currents and low temperature radiation. Water/Antifreeze-Filled - An electric water or antifreeze-filled heater that distributes heat by natural convection currents and low temperature radiation. Ceramic Element - An electric heater with a fan having a ceramic heating element that distributes heat by forced air convection Open Flames and Cooking Appliances The following are prohibited: Burning candles, incense, or similar open-flame devices. Open coil electrical appliances (including toasters, toaster ovens, and hot plates). Barbecues, gas or charcoal grills, or other similar heat and smoke-producing appliances. (Outdoor cooking appliances may be approved for special use with the express permission of the facility manger and if a HWP is obtained.)

74 Fire Prevention Smoking Smoking is prohibited inside all MNR facilities, vehicles, and on all station platforms. In addition, smoking is prohibited within 50 feet of: Flammable liquids, paint, and solvent storage or dispensing areas. Petroleum, oil, and lubrication storage or dispensing areas. Fuel dispensing vehicles (fueling, refueling operations). Any other area that is hazardous but is not listed. All employees must ensure that smoking materials are fully extinguished and properly disposed of

75 Equipment and Tool Use Equipment and Tool Use This section covers the inspection, operation, and maintenance of equipment Safety Rules for Operating Equipment and Tools Equipment and tool operators must be authorized and qualified by MNR. Operators must follow these safety guidelines when operating equipment and tools: Before beginning the work: o Perform a visual and operational inspection of the equipment or tool. o Warn employees nearby that work will begin and ensure that they are in a safe location. o Wear all the appropriate PPE for the task and equipment/tool being used. (ie. eye/face, hearing, head, hand, etc.) Operate tools and equipment safely, responsibly, and only for the purpose for which they were designed. Do not engage in an unauthorized act that defeats, disables, or modifies the purpose of a safety device. Do not wear jewelry, rings, watches, key rings, or other items that may become entangled or caught on projections, or may be a shock hazard when working with electrical equipment. Ensure that neckties, lanyards, clothing, etc. are not torn or loose enough to become entangled or caught in machinery or tools. Loose or baggy trousers, cuffs, or bottoms must be secured to prevent catching or dragging. When leaving any on-or off-track equipment unattended: o Stop the engine (if applicable). o Remove the keys (if applicable)

76 Equipment and Tool Use General Safety Instructions o Apply the brakes Machine Guarding Regardless of your experience and training, using an unguarded machine can cause injury. Guarding reduces the likelihood of an accident due to mechanical failure, human error, electrical failure, or poor design. Used properly, machine guards will not hinder you from completing your job. A guard is only effective if the machine operator checks it and keeps it in place. Before operating machinery, always check to ensure that the proper guards are in place and in good condition. Warning: Never operate a machine without the guards in place. If guards are defective or missing, report this unsafe condition to your supervisor immediately. Only authorized personnel should make guard adjustments Tool Inspection Inspect all tools before each use and frequently while in use. Tools must be clean prior to inspection. Ensure the tools can be used safely for their required purpose. Do not use defective tools. If you find a defective tool, either repair it immediately or tag it DEFECTIVE and remove from service Tool Storage To store or leave tools: Store tools in their proper places. Do not leave a tool standing on end or leaning if it could fall or be knocked down. Do not leave a tool on a platform or walkway or where it will be a tripping hazard

77 Equipment and Tool Use Do not leave a tool where it could be struck by a passing train. When not in use, place shovels, forks, rakes, and other pointed or edged tools with their points or edges turned down Hand and Power Tool Use Follow these general rules when using hand and power tools: Before using a tool, familiarize yourself with its use and rated capacity. Use the tool only for its intended purpose. Do not modify or manufacture a tool or safety device unless the proper authority approves the design and specifications for the tool. Do not use a tool that is dull or excessively worn. Do not use tool of it is mushroomed, spalled, or chipped. Do not use a striking tool if the head is burred, cracked, or split. Do not operate a power tool with the safety guards missing or in an unsafe condition. Before using a power tool, thoroughly inspect the tool to ensure all safety guards, stops, and switches are in place and working properly. Disconnect tool from power source (electrical, hydraulic pneumatic, etc.) prior to servicing, adjusting, and/or changing attachments. When swinging a tool, ensure enough room is available to prevent striking persons or obstructions behind, in front, or overhead. Do not use the following items around electrical circuits or devices: o Metallic objects o Metal tape o Tape with metal threads

78 Equipment and Tool Use General Safety Instructions Protect your hands and feet as follows: o Do not use your hands or feet to adjust or reach between moving belts, chain drives, or other forms of power transmission. o Use the proper drift pin or alignment tool to check the alignment of holes for inserting rivets, bolts, or pins. o Do not use your hands to remove chips, cuttings, or scale. Use the proper brush, vacuum, or other device. Do not point pneumatic hammers or other powder-actuated tools at people. Do not sit on, stand on, or straddle a bar or lever in use. When cutting off the heads of bolts, nuts, or rivets, provide adequate protection to prevent injury from flying objects. Do not use a projecting set screw on a rotating shaft or spindle Specific Tool Use The following section explains many of the guidelines for specific tools Bars or Levers When using a bar or lever, adhere to the following guidelines: Place it securely with firm bearing under or against object. Assume a braced position in case bar or lever unexpectedly slips. Ensure all of your body parts are in position, so that they are not caught between the bar and other objects. Grip the bar or lever securely and move it slowly and steadily. Maintain close observation of base and/or contact points to make any necessary adjustments. If possible, when using a chisel bar or other bar, the employee holding the bar should stand on the opposite side from the employee using the sledge

79 Equipment and Tool Use When using a claw bar to pull a spike, place your hands so that they will not strike the opposite rail or other object if the bar moves unexpectedly Tongs and Hooks When handling ties or timber with tongs or hooks, ensure the points are sharp. When pulling, place your feet so that you will not fall if the tongs or hooks slip. Never sling the tie between your legs Wrenches When using a wrench, adhere to the following guidelines: Select the proper size and type of wrench. Avoid using an adjustable wrench. Do not use a shim between the wrench and the object to make the wrench fit. Do not use a pipe or other object to extend the wrench handle. Prevent your fingers, hands, or any other part of your body from striking an object or being pinched. Place the wrench so that the turn is toward the open end of the jaws. Brace yourself securely and have a solid footing, so you will not slip if the wrench moves unexpectedly. Ensure the wrench has a proper grip, and then gradually increase the force until the nut, bolt, or other object turns. Do not immediately apply full force to the object. When using a track wrench, do not straddle the rail. Stand on the same side as the wrench Power Saws When using a power saw, adhere to the following guidelines: Stand to the side of a power rip saw to avoid being struck if the material kicks back

80 Equipment and Tool Use General Safety Instructions Do not use your fingers to feed material through the blades. Use a push stick long enough to keep your hands away from the blades. Before ripping, ensure anti-kickback dogs are installed and working. Keep loose and scrap material away from the blades. Remove all such material from the saw table immediately after you complete the cutting. Do not set down or leave a portable hand saw until the blade stops rotating. Do not cut a board supported by your leg. Use the proper blade for the material being cut Electric Tools When using electric tools, adhere to the following guidelines: Unless the power tool is double insulated, ensure it has three conductor cords. One cord must ground the tool frame when connected to an adequate ground. Do not remove the grounding prong from the plug. Equip the power circuit with a ground fault interrupter or use a portable GFI. Unplug electric tools from the power source before servicing, adjusting, and/or attachment change. Do not operate or adjust an electrical tool or appliance unless you have been properly instructed in its use and care. Hold the tool firmly and be prepared in case the tool sticks, jams, breaks, or moves unexpectedly. Do not leave an unattended drill bit, reamer, or tap in a hole. Do not attach a drill bit, reamer, tap, or other attachment while a tool is operating. Do not leave the chuck key in the chuck. Do not use the power cord to raise or lower an electric tool. Never yank a cord to disconnect it from a receptacle

81 Equipment and Tool Use Pneumatic Tools When using pneumatic tools, adhere to the following guidelines: Do not remove or separate an airline connection, fitting, attachment, or tool from a pressurized airline unless it is equipped with a check valve or quick disconnect feature. Note: For an airline connection, fitting, attachment, or tool designed to be used with cotter keys, pins, or safety wire, ensure that the cotter keys, pins, or safety wire are in place before you pressurize the air line. Apply the cotter keys, pins, or safety wire to the fittings to prevent the airline connection, fitting, attachment, or tool from separating unexpectedly. Disconnect pneumatic tools from air source prior to servicing, adjusting, and/or attachment changes. Do not lay pneumatic tool on its side while the tool is operating. Before connecting, disconnecting, or leaving a pneumatic tool unattended, close the valve at the supply line and drain the pressure from the hose. Note: If the pneumatic tool and the air supply line are equipped with a check valve or quick disconnect feature, disconnect the tool from the air supply before leaving the tool unattended. When using a pneumatic hammer for riveting, ensure it is equipped with a standard rivet set spring clip Powder-Actuated Tools When using powder-actuated tools, adhere to the following guidelines: Do not operate powder-actuated tools unless you are properly qualified and authorized. Wear all the appropriate PPE for the task and equipment/tool being used. (i.e. eye/face, hearing, head, hand, etc.)

82 Equipment and Tool Use General Safety Instructions Use the same degree of caution as you would around firearms. Ensure the safety control rod is accurately set before using the extension. This prevents the tool from firing at an angle. Do not fire the tool in the half-shield position unless the work itself provides protection against ricochet. Do not fire into cast iron, tile, high carbon steel, or other hard or brittle material. Before firing into an object, ensure the fastener does not have enough power to drive completely through it. If a tool does not fire, leave it on the work surface for at least 15 seconds, then remove the powder charge and dispose of it safely. Do not set a fastener: o Through a previously damaged hole in steel. o Closer than 3 inches from the edge of concrete. o Closer than ½ inch from the edge of steel. Use only factory-recommended fixtures for special fastening needs. Do not leave a loaded tool unattended. If you will not fire the tool, unload it. Do not use Ramset in an explosive atmosphere. Use only shells of the same manufacture as the tool being used. Ensure the tool is rated for the shells you will use Impact Tools Whenever possible, when using impact tools, wear shockabsorbent gloves and ensure the tool has shock-absorbent features Jacks When using jacks, adhere to the following guidelines: If possible, place jack on field side of rail

83 Equipment and Tool Use Do not jack metal against metal, except when using track jacks to raise, spot, or surface track. Before operating a track jack: o Inspect it for worn, broken, or missing parts. o Ensure it has enough footing. o Ensure it is properly placed and level. o Ensure that blocking used under the jack is large enough. o Ensure the handle is fully inserted in the socket. When using a jack to raise equipment, ensure the equipment is secured or blocked before you go on, under, or between it. When finishing operating the jack, remove the handle from the socket. No part or person may be under a load supported by a jack, unless the load has been adequately supported with blocks or other approved means Grinding Wheels Stationary and Portable Before using a grinding wheel, perform a ring test to check the wheel for cracks. A. Testing Grinding Wheels (Ring Test) To test grinding wheels, strike the wheel with a nonmetallic object. A dull ringing sound indicates a sound wheel; a dull thud indicates a cracked wheel. Caution: Do not use the wheel if the test indicates it is cracked. Tag the equipment out of service until the defective wheel is replaced. B. Mounting Grinding Wheels To mount a grinding wheel: Ensure the rated RPM of the wheel exceeds the RPM of the spindle. Apply the compression washers

84 Equipment and Tool Use General Safety Instructions Ensure the flanges are properly mated to the wheel being used and of suitable proportions to support the wheel. Place the wheel on the spindle with the correct amount of clearance. Note: Allow enough space for the wheel to slide on the spindle freely and squarely against the flange. Too much space causes the wheel to be untrue. Tighten the spindle and nuts only tight enough to hold the flanges properly in place against the wheel. C. Dressing Grinding Wheels Use the following precautions when dressing grinding wheels: Wear goggles, or wear a face shield and safety glasses. Dress wheels frequently to keep them clean and true. Remove only enough stock to keep the wheel in proper condition. If a wheel vibrates excessively after dressing, stop the machine and check for other defects. Discard the wheel when it becomes worn enough that you cannot maintain the maximum 1/8-inch clearance between the tool rest and the face of the wheel. D. Using Grinding Wheels When using grinding wheels: Do not use unguarded, improperly guarded, or otherwise defective equipment. Wear face shield and safety glasses or goggles even if the machine has a tool shield. Adjust the tool rest as close to the wheel as possible, a maximum of 1/8 inch from the wheel. Position the tool rest at the center line of the wheel, not below. Before applying power: o Ensure the wheel is properly secured to the spindle and the guards are in place

85 Equipment and Tool Use o Spin the wheel a few revolutions to make sure the wheel does not strike the hood or tool rest. When starting the machine, step to one side and let the machine run for about 1 minute at full speed before using. If the wheel is cold, apply the work gradually to allow the wheel to warm up. A cold wheel can break. Do not allow a grinding wheel to stand partly immersed in water. The wet side of the wheel will be heavier than the dry side, which may throw the wheel out of balance. Do not crowd the work on the wheel. Crowding can cause glazing or breakage. Grind on the grinding face of the wheel only, unless the wheel is designed for side face grinding. Do not change a spindle to increase the working speed. Do not adjust a grinding wheel while it is in motion. E. Storing Grinding Wheels Store grinding wheels using the following guidelines: Store wheels in a dry, uniformly heated room. Store straight and taper wheels on their edges in racks from which they cannot fall. Stack cylinder and large cup wheels on their flat sides with cushioning material between them Chain Saws A chain saw is a powerful, precision machine that can save time and labor, but if used improperly, it can cause severe injury or death. MNR provides a chain saw safety course. You must take this course prior to using any chain saw. Use the following guidelines when operating a chain saw: Read and follow the instructions in the owner s manual. Plan each job. Hold a Job Safety Briefing (JSB) before each job and hold another if conditions change. Never cut alone

86 Equipment and Tool Use General Safety Instructions Be aware of your surroundings. Use the right saw for the task. Never cut above your shoulders. Use a watchman to protect you and to keep spectators away. Start the chain saw by setting the saw on firm ground with chain out of gear and free from obstacles, placing foot in loop of rear handle, pressing hand down on upper handle, and pulling starter rope straight up with the other hand. Always stand to one side of the limb you are to cut; never straddle it. Be sure that the tree or limb is stable and will not move as you cut. Note: Use the correct PPE while using a chainsaw. Use the available chainsaw kit. This kit comes with a hardhat with hearing protection and face shield with mesh screen, item #: NS Chaps are also required for use with chainsaws. Chaps are available in two sizes: item # NS for waist sizes and NS for waist sizes Drills Before drilling material, secure it with a vise, clamp, jig, or chuck to prevent it from moving. Do not use tongs, pliers, wrenches, or similar hand-held devices to hold the material in place. Do not secure material while the machine is operating Striking Tools When using striking tools: Ensure that handles are secure and are not cracked or split and are free of grease, etc. Do not use a tool with a mushroomed head or striking surface. If you find such a defect, take the tool out of service until it can be properly dressed and inspected. Use a sledge hammer to strike cutting tools. Do not use a spike maul

87 Equipment and Tool Use Use only a hammer designed for such purpose when striking reamers, taps, drills, cutters, or other hardened steel tools or components. Confine stroke of tool to the space available to prevent finger, hand, or any other part of body from being caught or struck Track Spikes When driving track spikes with a spike maul: Keep your eyes on the spike the entire time you drive it. Set it into the tie vertically and securely to prevent it from flying when struck with the spike maul Motor-Driven Machinery Follow these general rules for motor-driven machinery: Before repairing, dismantling, or assembling motor-driven machinery, ensure the power switch is opened and locked or tagged out. Do not repair, clean, oil, or adjust machinery while it is running. Do not climb over, on, or through machinery, unless your duties require it, and you take the proper protective measures. Do not stand or climb on motors, machinery, or guardrails to reach objects. Before repairing machines or changing parts such as dies, punches, tools, or blades, ensure the machine is stopped, disengaged, and protected

88 Equipment and Tool Use General Safety Instructions Using Knives Safely Whenever possible use safety cutting tools. Use the correct cutting tool for the task. The basics of safely using a knife include: Note: You may carry a knife with a blade shorter than 3 inches. A blade longer than 3 inches is allowed only if you are specifically authorized to use it to perform your job duties. Ensure others are clear. Establish a knife safety circle. To establish a knife safety circle: o Pretend you have a knife in your hand. o Extend your arm with the pretend knife straight in front of you. o Rotate your body to either side while continuing to extend the arm with the pretend knife. o Also check your overhead clearance, as this is also part of your safety circle. o No person or thing should be in the imaginary circle you have created. Use the Proper Grip o Hold the knife firmly by the handle. Wrap your fingers completely around the handle so you have a firm grip. Never press on the back edge of the blade when cutting. o If the knife slips out of your hand, do not attempt to catch it. Get out of the way and let it fall. Cutting Direction o Always cut in a motion away from your body and away from other people. This way, if the knife slips, it will not cut you or a person standing near you. o Keep your other hand, fingers, and thumbs out of the way of the cutting line. If you have to grip the object you are cutting, then cut away from your hand. Never cut toward your hand or your body. Stay focused on the cutting job. Do not allow your mind to wander and do not talk with co-workers while using a knife

89 Equipment and Tool Use When interrupted, stop cutting and place the knife down on a secure surface. Do not try to cut while distracted. When you have finished using a knife, clean it, put it away immediately, and store it properly. Handling Knives - Pass an Open Knife Safely o The person holding the knife should hold the knife by the blade, cutting edge away from the hand, and pass the handle to the other person. In this way the handler has control of the edge of the knife and the person receiving the knife is reaching for the handle rather than a sharp blade. o Whenever practical, instead of passing the knife directly to a person, place the knife onto a clean surface, allowing the other person to pick it up. Carrying Knives o When possible, carry a knife in the closed position or safely protected in a sheath or knife pouch. However, if you must carry an unprotected knife, carry one knife at a time, with the blade pointed down and close to your side. Storing Knives o Do not store knives with the cutting edge of the blade exposed. o Knives should never be left in a position that may cause harm to someone. They should never be left loose in a drawer or locker. Do not leave a knife near the edge of a table or counter or sticking over the edge of a counter

90 Cranes and Hoisting Equipment Cranes and Hoisting Equipment Cranes and Hoists Authorized Employees Only designated operators, who have been trained and authorized by MNR, shall operate cranes and hoists Lifting Safety The operator must: Be familiar with safe capacities and must not exceed the load chart capacities (load chart must be posted on the crane at all times). Ensure all people are clear before moving a load. Stay at the controls when a load is suspended. Never move a load over people or occupied equipment. Use a warning device to warn people in the path of the approaching load. Return cranes and hoists to neutral positions when not in use. Test the brakes when lifting heavy loads suspended a few inches above the floor or ground. When operating an electric crane, open the main switch before you leave the carne cab or allow anyone on top of the cab Inspection Requirements Operators must verify that the crane or hoist has received a daily inspection that is documented on the inspection form on the crane or hoist. A monthly crane inspection must be performed by a crane inspector or accredited inspection agency and the inspection form must be on the crane or readily accessible

91 Cranes and Hoisting Equipment General Safety Instructions Crane Left Unattended If you are the operator and are leaving the crane unattended: Lower the load to the ground. Set the machine brakes. Place the master clutch off. Set the hand brake and chock at least one wheel if the crane is rail-mounted. Remove the ignition key Outriggers Comply with manufacturer s requirements for deployment of crane outriggers unless the manufacturer has issued a written exception to MNR. Manufacturer s requirements are located in the operator s manual or on the load chart(s), which must be on the crane at all times Rigging When rigging for an overhead lift, always know the weight of the object you will lift. Use only slings, wire ropes, and other hardware approved by the manufacturer for overhead lifting. If you are the rigger, verify that the Working Load Limit (WLL) of each component involved in a lift is greater than or equal to the stress it will be subjected to during the lift Inspection Requirements Inspect new or repaired ropes, slings, and other rigging hardware upon initial receipt, daily before use, and whenever you suspect damage. All lifting devices must be certified. Never use a homemade lifting device until it has been certified by an accredited inspection agency

92 Cranes and Hoisting Equipment Slings When determining sling capacity, consider that the stress on a sling varies with the angle of its legs. Store slings in a clean, dry place and store synthetic slings away from direct sunlight. Figure Sling Capacity Reduction Factors: These pictures show how the angle of the leg reduces the strength of that leg. A. Wire Rope Slings If damage from any of the following is visible remove the sling from service: For strand laid and single part slings, 10 randomly distributed broken wires in one rope lay, or five broken wires in one strand in one rope lay Severe localized abrasion or scraping Kinking, crushing, bird-caging, or any other damage resulting in distortion of the rope structure or sling body Evidence of heat damage Cracked, deformed, or worn end attachments to the extent that the strength of the sling is substantially affected Severe corrosion of the rope or end attachments Reduction in diameter of the rope

93 Cranes and Hoisting Equipment General Safety Instructions Note: Consult with manufacturer for multi-part removal criteria for cable laid and braided slings Chain Slings When using a chain sling for overhead lifting use the following guidelines: Use only chain slings constructed of a minimum Grade 8 alloy steel. Never splice or shorten a chain by inserting a bolt between the links. Never load a kinked chain. When applying a load, take up slack slowly and see that every link in the chain seats properly. Use chain attachments (rings, shackles, couplings, and end links) designed for the chain to which they are being fastened Identification Tags All slings must have a durable identification tag that states the following: Sling Information Required All slings: Cable and chain slings: Chain slings: Manufacturer s name Working Load Limit (WLL) Size Serial number Grade Reach Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices Use only below-the-hook lifting devices that are certified by a qualified individual and inspected by an accredited agency prior to use

94 Cranes and Hoisting Equipment Certified below-the-hook lifting devices have a permanent nameplate or marking stating the following information: Manufacturer s name Serial number Lifter weight (if over 100 pounds) Rated load (capacity) Obtain written permission from the manufacturer before you modify or re-rate below-the-hook lifting devices. Repair belowthe-hook lifting devices only if you are qualified by the manufacturer or an accredited agency or under their direction Rigging a Load When rigging a load: Do not wrap the hoist cable around the load to secure it. Never attach a hoisting equipment hook directly to an object being lifted unless the object has a permanent lifting eye or similar attachment device designed for overhead lifting; use a sling or other certified lifting device. Protect the sling or lifting device from chafing or cutting. Properly set the load in the bowl of the hook. Loading on or toward the point (except grab hooks designed for such loading) overloads the hook and causes the hook to spread and possibly fail. When freeing a sling, allow the load to settle before unhooking the sling. Stand clear to avoid being struck by the sling or load Fouling Track Provide adequate protection for a machine, boom, or load before allowing it to foul a track

95 Cranes and Hoisting Equipment General Safety Instructions Power Line Clearance When working near electrical power lines use these guidelines: Maintain the following mandatory minimum clearances between the power line and any part of the hoisting device or load: Power Line Distance from Power Line 50 KV or below 10 feet 50 KV 100KV 12 feet 100 KV 200KV 15feet 200 KV 350 KV 20 feet 350 KV 500 KV 25 feet 500 KV 750 KV 35 feet 750 KV 1000 KV 45 feet If you cannot determine the power line voltage, maintain a minimum of 45 feet clearance. If you cannot meet power line voltage clearance requirements, have a power company official de-energize and ground the power lines before any part of the crane or load comes within the minimum clearances set forth above. Whenever possible, perform your work moving away from the power line, not toward it. Whenever you are working a crane within one boom length of the mandatory minimum clearance from a power line in any direction (front, back, side, or overhead), position a lookout on the ground to warn you of the approach to the limits. Note: The lookout cannot be the same person (ground man) who is giving signals for the move

96 Cranes and Hoisting Equipment Working with Cranes Crane Passengers Do not board a crane unless the operator authorizes you Working near Equipment Do not walk, stand, or work under a suspended load. When possible, avoid walking, standing, or working under crane booms, or in close proximity to pile driver leads. When working with or near lifting operations, keep clear of the swinging boom, counterweight, or cab Guiding the Load Use only tag lines, poles, or load hooks to guide a load. Use guides or fixtures, where available, for precision placement. Exception: When the load requires precise placement and a risk assessment has been completed, you may use a gloved hand or hands to guide a load into final position, provided that you do not place any part of your body between the load and an obstruction that would create a pinch point Crane and Hoisting Signals Only a designated employee (ground man) will give signals to the hoisting machine operator. Before work begins, the ground man must communicate with the operator to develop an understanding of all signals. The ground man must determine that all personnel are in safe positions before hoisting begins. The crane operator must stop the move if he or she does not understand a signal or loses visual contact with the ground man. The ground man must continue to give signals until the move is complete. When two or more hoisting machines are lifting the same load, only one designated employee will direct the movements

97 Cranes and Hoisting Equipment General Safety Instructions The crane operator must: Accept signals for operating hoisting equipment only from the designated ground man, except in an emergency. Accept an emergency stop signal from anyone Standard Crane Hand Signals Use the following standard crane hand signals: Action Signal Figure Hoist With forearm vertical, forefinger pointing up, move hand in small horizontal circle. Lower Stop Extend arm downward, forefinger pointing down, and move hand in small horizontal circle. With arm extended and palm down, move arm back and forth horizontally. Emergency stop Swing With both arms extended and palms down, move arms back and forth horizontally. Extend arm and point finger in direction of swing of boom. Travel Extend arm forward, hand open and slightly raised, and make pushing motion in direction of travel

98 Cranes and Hoisting Equipment Action Signal Figure Raise boom Extend arm, fingers closed, and point thumb upward. Lower boom Extend arm, fingers closed, and point thumb downward. Use main hoist Tap fist on head; then use regular signals. Use auxiliary hoist Tap elbow with one hand; then use regular signals. Move slowly Use one hand to give any motion signal and place other hand motionless in front of hand giving the motion signal. Dog everything Clasp hands in front of body. Retract boom (telescoping boom) Place both fists in front of body with thumbs pointing toward each other. Extend boom (telescoping boom) Place both fists in front of body with thumbs pointing outward

99 Cranes and Hoisting Equipment General Safety Instructions Action Signal Figure Raise boom, lower load Lower boom, raise load Extend arm, thumb pointing up, and flex fingers in and out as long as load movement is desired. Extend arm, thumb pointing down, and flex fingers in and out as long as load movement is desired Personnel Hoisting Hoisting personnel is prohibited except with the written authorization of the Chief Maintenance of Way Officer and the Chief Safety Officer and only when in compliance with the requirements stated in ANSI standard B Mobile and Locomotive Cranes

100 Powered Industrial Trucks Powered Industrial Trucks Powered industrial trucks are mobile, power-propelled trucks used to carry, push, pull, lift, stack, or tier materials. Powered industrial trucks are commonly known as forklifts, pallet trucks, rider trucks, tow motors, forktrucks, lifttrucks, or utility trucks. Over-the-road vehicles and earth-moving equipment are excluded Truck Operation Only trained and authorized employees are permitted to operate powered industrial trucks. When operating powered industrial trucks, follow these guidelines: At the start of each shift, perform a pre-use inspection and complete the inspection form. o Report abnormal conditions to your supervisor. o If a powered industrial truck needs repair, is defective, or is unsafe, tag it Defective and take the truck out of service until it is restored to a safe operating condition. Wear seat belts (if equipped). Do not place arms or legs between the uprights of the mast or outside the running lines of the truck. Do not allow passengers on powered industrial trucks unless the truck is specifically designed to carry passengers. Do not allow anyone to ride on the forks or any part of the powered industrial truck. Do not use powered industrial trucks as personnel lift platforms unless equipped with an approved personnel lift platform designed for that purpose and properly installed according to the manufacturer s requirements. Do not use powered industrial trucks to open or close freight car doors

101 Powered Industrial Trucks General Safety Instructions Never allow any part of a load to pass over a worker. Do not stand or pass under the elevated portion of a powered industrial truck. When you are 25 feet or more away from the vehicle, or you leave the vehicle and it is not in view: o Fully lower the load engaging means. o Neutralize the controls. o Shut off power, set the brakes, and remove key if applicable. o Chock wheels when stored on a slope or incline. When you are dismounted, within 25 feet, and within view of the powered industrial truck: o Fully lower the load engaging means. o Neutralize the controls. o Shut off power and set the brakes Operating or Driving When operating or driving a powered industrial truck, follow these guidelines: Do not drive in excess of 5 miles per hour. Be aware of pedestrians. Sound the horn and proceed with caution at blind spots, doorways, intersections, and other locations where vision is obstructed. Stay in control. Be able to stop for unexpected persons or obstructions. Keep a clear view of the path of travel. Always look in the direction of travel. Do not use mirrors when driving in reverse. Whenever practical, cross railroad tracks diagonally at a 45-degree angle

102 Powered Industrial Trucks Do not drive toward anyone standing in front of a bench or other fixed object. Maintain positive control using the accelerator and brake. Coasting or freewheeling is not permitted. Note: Audible alarms will not work when coasting or rolling Driving on Various Objects and Surfaces Follow these guidelines to drive on surfaces safely: Reduce speed when turning and when operating on wet, slippery, or uneven surfaces. Maintain a safe distance from the edge of ramps or platforms. While on an elevated dock, platform, freight car, or incline, use the following guidelines: Point forks uphill when loaded. Ascend and descend grades slowly. Do not attempt to turn the powered industrial truck. Avoid running over loose objects on the roadway surface. Properly secure dockboards and bridgeplates before driving over them. Drive over them slowly and never exceed their rated capacity. Note: Operate on smooth, compacted surfaces such as concrete, blacktop, and compacted roadways. Do not operate on ballast, sod, loose soil, or other non-compacted surfaces unless your vehicle is specifically designated for rough terrain

103 Powered Industrial Trucks General Safety Instructions Driving in Hazardous Conditions Follow these guidelines when conditions are hazardous: Ensure that weather conditions allow safe movement and operation. Use a spotter when visibility is reduced. In hazardous locations, use only approved powered industrial trucks. Use lights or auxiliary lighting when operating at night Driving Onto an Elevator Do not drive a powered industrial truck onto an elevator unless authorized to do so. When authorized: Approach slowly. Enter squarely after the elevator car is properly leveled. Enter with the load forward with motorized hand trucks (walkies). Once on the elevator, neutralize the controls, shut off the power, and set the brakes. Do not exceed the rated capacity of the elevator Entering a Vehicle When a powered industrial truck must enter a vehicle: Immobilize and secure the vehicle against movement by setting the brakes and blocking/chocking the wheels. Inspect the truck bed for holes, loose or damaged planking. Ensure that the truck bed will support the loaded powered industrial truck Load Handling When handling a load, follow these guidelines: Do not exceed the maximum rated load. o Handle loads according to the height and weight restrictions on the vehicle s load chart

104 Powered Industrial Trucks o Never add extra weight to a powered industrial truck to counterbalance a heavy load. Only pick up stable and safely arranged loads. Keep loads secure and under control at all times. Do not push or pull wheeled loads (including rolling stock) with forks, chain, cable, rope, etc. Completely stop the powered industrial truck when raising or lowering a load. Carry loads as close to the ground or floor as the situation permits. Normally, keep the load off the ground approximately 4 to 6 inches at the tips and 2 inches at the heels to clear most uneven surfaces and to avoid debris. If vision is obstructed by load, drive in reverse. Always travel with a load tilted back for added stability. Always position loads against the heels of the fork blades Repairs Only authorized personnel can make repairs to powered industrial trucks. Follow these guidelines: Do not modify or alter powered industrial trucks. Only add parts or attachments supplied or approved by the manufacturer. Do not remove or modify parts supplied by the manufacturer. Make repairs with parts equivalent to the original design Fueling/Recharging Refuel or recharge trucks in designated locations. These locations must have refueling/recharging signage posted. Personal protective equipment (PPE) must be worn by the operator during fueling/recharging. Fueling/Recharging must be done well away from any open flame or ignition source

105 Powered Industrial Trucks General Safety Instructions Smoking in the fueling/recharging areas is prohibited. Note: Reference Sections Using Material Handling Equipment and Using Off-Track Material Handling Equipment

106 Motor Vehicles Motor Vehicles Driver Requirements Only designated employees may operate company owned, company leased, or privately owned vehicles on company business. When operating vehicles on company business, follow these guidelines: Know and obey local, state, and federal laws and regulations for operating vehicles, both on and off company property. Only use cell phones or personal electronic devices while wearing an approved hands-free device such as a Bluetooth or ear piece. Carry a valid driver s license of the proper class, as well as the required endorsements when operating a company vehicle or privately owned vehicle on company business. Do not use company vehicles for personal business, unless authorized. Do not use privately owned vehicles while on duty without being authorized by your supervisor, along with having appropriate insurance coverage. Ensure the necessary emergency equipment; tools for changing tires, a fire extinguisher, and a first aid kit are in the vehicle and in good condition. Only carry MNR employees in a company vehicle unless in case of emergency. Fasten your seat belt and other safety restraints and instruct passengers to do the same. Carry only as many passengers as there are seat belts. See Subsection , Wearing Seat Belts. Before moving vehicle, properly secure all material, tools and equipment

107 Motor Vehicles General Safety Instructions Conditions which may impair the operator s ability to drive or operate any authorized vehicle should be avoided (lack of sleep, illness, applicable medications, etc.). If possible, when entering or exiting the vehicle on a highway, use the door that is away from traffic. Do not use motorcycles to perform duties. See Section ( Transport of Hazardous Material ) for proper transport of gasoline and other flammables Passenger Requirements When riding as a passenger in a vehicle, adhere to the following guidelines: Only ride in the cab provided. Do not ride on a hydraulic gate, running board, fender, bumper, bed of truck, top of cab, or load. Do not project any body part beyond the side or end of the vehicle. Notify the driver before boarding any vehicle. Do not get on or off of a moving vehicle. Do not occupy vehicles that are being raised or supported by a jack Motor Vehicle Operation Pre-Trip Inspection of Vehicles Before operating a vehicle, perform a complete pre-trip inspection using the following checklist: Inspect the vehicle and its safety devices. Do not operate a vehicle if it is not safe. Note: During inspection, do not place body parts under the vehicle unless the engine is stopped, the vehicle is properly blocked to prevent movement, and the parking brake is applied

108 Motor Vehicles When carrying a load, distribute the load properly and secure it to prevent shifting and interfering with the driver s vision, motion range, or use of emergency equipment. When inspecting a vehicle without a tailgate or sideboards, properly secure or remove all equipment and materials to prevent them from falling out and striking another vehicle. If mechanical or structural defects or irregularities (including broken or cracked glass) are found, correct the problem or report it to the proper authority promptly. Remove any obstructions that would prevent safe movement of the vehicle. Before moving the vehicle, check all blind spots Observing Load Limits To observe load limits do not load a vehicle beyond the lesser of its rated capacity or the load limit permitted by law for each axle and total vehicle Vehicle Safety Follow these vehicle safety requirements when operating a vehicle: Observe all signage to prevent accidents and injuries. Talk to passengers only when necessary. Do not move a vehicle while passengers are getting on or off. Avoid sudden starts and stops. While driving or operating equipment, allow for adequate stopping distance. If hazardous road conditions exist, adjust speed to allow for proper stopping distance. Commercial vehicles require greater following distances. For more information, refer to the Commercial Driver s License (CDL) manual for correct distances. Do not operate a vehicle downhill with the gears in neutral or with the clutch disengaged

109 Motor Vehicles General Safety Instructions Do not drive a vehicle with the tailgate down or with anything that blocks the view of the rear lights Wearing Seat Belts Follow these guidelines: All employees must wear seat belts while they occupy seat belt equipped seating positions in any vehicle while on duty. This includes company vehicles, rentals, and personal vehicles when used on official business. Promptly upon entering vehicle, securely fasten and adjust seat belt. Belts should fit snugly across the hips, rather than the abdomen. Keep belt secured until exiting the vehicle. The driver or operator of the vehicle is responsible for enforcing belt use by all occupants. Seat belts in all company vehicles are to be maintained so that they are accessible and in good working order. Missing, damaged or defective seat belts must be promptly reported and repaired. Wear seat belts according to the manufacturer s guidelines posted in the vehicle or on the equipment. Do not lie down while wearing a seat belt Vehicle Operations with Yards Follow these guidelines when operating a vehicle within a MNR facility: Unless otherwise posted, the speed limit within all MNR facilities is 10 MPH. Follow posted guidelines within each yard. Drive the vehicle at a speed that allows a complete stop within 50 feet and no closer than 15 feet to the rail at any crossing. Before proceeding over any crossing, look in both directions and listen for approaching train or on-track equipment. Note: Stop signs or other traffic control devices take precedence over these directions

110 Motor Vehicles Approaching Crossings Outside of Yard Facilities When approaching a crossing outside of yard facilities that is not equipped with automatic warning devices (lights, gates, or bells): Stop within 50 feet, but not less than 15 feet from the nearest rail. Before proceeding over the crossing, look in both directions and listen for approaching train or on-track equipment Reverse Movement Position the vehicle, when possible, to avoid backup movement. Back up only as a last resort. When backing up is necessary: If possible, back up upon arrival rather than departure. Inspect the areas to the rear of the vehicle to ensure that no persons or obstructions are in the path of movement. In vehicles not equipped with backup alarms, sound the horn three short blasts before backing. Back up slowly and for as short a distance as possible. If another employee is in the vehicle or another employee is available, have him or her stand outside the vehicle and provide backup guidance. Keep the guiding employee in sight at all times Parking and Securing Vehicles Park in designated areas whenever possible. Park a safe distance from traffic lanes and when possible, at least 15 feet from the nearest rail. When parking a vehicle and leaving it unattended: o If the vehicle has a standard transmission, place the vehicle in low gear and shut off the engine

111 Motor Vehicles General Safety Instructions o If the vehicle has an automatic transmission, and is equipped with a park position, place the vehicle in park. o Set the emergency brake. o Turn the wheels so that the vehicle will not roll into the road or into a dangerous situation. o Remove the keys and lock all doors including exterior cabinets. o Place blocks, if available, against the wheels to prevent movement. Do not run internal combustion engines in a closed or unventilated building unless the vehicle is being repaired or adjusted and protection is provided against carbon monoxide with the building doors and windows open, or the exhaust discharged outside using an approved exhaust system Vehicle, Machinery, and Equipment Fueling Follow these guidelines while fueling vehicles, machinery, power tools, and other equipment: Stop engines (except diesel locomotives). Turn off radio transmitters. Do not smoke. Do not fuel in the vicinity of open flames. Do not leave the fueling hose unattended when fueling. Avoid inhaling gas or diesel vapors to the extent possible. Prevent static electricity discharge by positioning the safety can spout or hose nozzle so that it touches the side of the tank opening. Ensure tanks are filled on the ground (not on the bed of a truck or car) when filling portable cans. Before using gasoline-powered tools, ensure they have fuel. If refueling is necessary during use:

112 Motor Vehicles Allow the engine to cool before refueling. Hot engine parts may ignite the fuel. Take precautions to avoid spills Transport of Hazardous Material To transport hazardous material in a highway motor vehicle, follow these guidelines: Only transport compressed gas cylinders in vehicles designed to carry them in a secure, upright position. Only transport small quantities (no more than one day s supply) as necessary to support daily operations. Quantities larger than one day s supply must not be stored in vehicles. Except for vehicles designed for bulk delivery of fuel and other petroleum products, flammable liquids must be transported according to these requirements: o In vehicles with beds, compartments, or cabinets that are separate from the passenger compartment, transport no more than 5 gallons in approved safety cans (# ). o In passenger vehicles without separate cargo areas, including sedans and SUVs, transport no more than 2 ½ gallons in an approved safety can (# ) and then only for emergency purposes. o Inspect approved safety cans before using them. o Secure cans to prevent them from moving during transport Special Equipment Mounted on Vehicles or Trailers Only qualified personnel may operate special equipment such as winches, cranes, and hoists that are mounted on vehicles or trailers

113 Motor Vehicles General Safety Instructions When operating vehicles with special equipment: Inspect the equipment frequently according to the manufacturer s instructions. Do not exceed load limits. Ensure outriggers are in place according to the manufacturer s instructions. Secure the equipment in the proper position before moving the vehicle. Comply with the manufacturer s instructions Work under Vehicles or Trailers Only sit or lie underneath vehicles or trailers when inspecting or repairing them. Do not sit, lie, or place any body part in a position where it could be caught or crushed under a raised vehicle or trailer supported only by a jack. Before working on or under a vehicle, ensure that: Brakes are set. Wheels are blocked. Engine is stopped. Proper support stands are in place Vehicle-Mounted Aerial Work Platforms Follow these guidelines when working from aerial platforms including scissor lifts and boom-mounted baskets or buckets: Note: Metro-North s fall protection training is required before using fall protection or restraint equipment. Do not exceed the manufacturer s rated safe load. Maintain a safe distance from high-voltage power sources. Do not modify the equipment without prior written approval from the manufacturer

114 Motor Vehicles Ensure the equipment is inspected and used according to the manufacturer s instructions Scissor Lifts Follow these guidelines when working from a scissor lift: Ensure that the platform is equipped with a guardrail and toe boards that are completely installed, in good condition, and have gates fastened. Never climb or stand on toe boards or guardrails. Never hang outside the guardrails. Ensure the equipment is inspected and used according to the manufacturer s instructions Boom-Mounted Basket or Bucket Follow these guidelines when working from a boom-mounted basket or bucket: To prevent ejection from the platform, use a full body harness equipped with a lanyard that restrains you within the platform. Secure the lanyard to an anchor point designed and designated by the manufacturer for this use. Note: Do not attach the lanyard to a pole, piece of equipment, or other structure. While working from the platform, do not allow the platform to rest on or against any structure or equipment. Do not climb in or out of an elevated basket or bucket unless it is equipped with a door or a gate, and the lift is positioned to provide safe access. On equipment designed as personnel carriers, use equipment with upper and lower platform controls where the lower controls can override the upper controls. Ensure the equipment is inspected and used according to the manufacturer s instructions

115 Welding and Burning Welding and Burning General Requirements Follow these requirements when welding and cutting: Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) (welding hood, goggles, gloves, etc.) Note: See Section 400 personal protective equipment (PPE) for more specific information Comply with the requirements for Hot Work. Note: See Section Hot Work Obey the instructions of supervisors and equipment manufacturers. Do not use defective equipment. Remove the equipment from service, attach an out of service tag, and notify your supervisor. Ensure everyone is clear before cutting. Remove all flammable liquids or materials from the area before cutting. Ensure no one is on the other side of the cut before you cut through a sheet, plate, or other metal part. Ensure venting is sufficient before welding, cutting, or doing other work involving heat or sparks. Use the proper tip for the thickness of material being cut. Check pressure requirements for acetylene and oxygen. Ensure oxygen to acetylene ratio is sufficient for the thickness of material to be cut. A neutral flame is preferred

116 Welding and Burning General Safety Instructions Equipment Use When welding and cutting, use equipment properly. Use oxygen and acetylene regulators, hoses, and other equipment for their intended purpose only. Make sure hoses are equipped with safety check valves on one end, preferably on the torch side. Use the proper length and type of wrench on all regulator, hose, or torch fittings to provide the necessary pull on connections. Perform leakage test using soap and water to determine if there are any leaks in the system. Use a glycol and water solution to test for leaks in winter-time to prevent freezing. Oxygen and acetylene cylinders should be kept in an upright position Hose Protection To protect hoses: Do not run over hose lines or electric cables with trucks or other equipment. Do not drop anything on a hose or cable that might cause it to leak or short-circuit. Do not splice hoses to eliminate cuts or breaks. Make sure hoses are free from grease and oily substances Fire Prevention To prevent fires: Ensure the work area is clear of debris. Keep heat, flame, and sparks away from combustibles. Have a fire extinguisher, pails of water, or fire hose available at: o Welding areas in, around, or on buildings or structures o Areas where flammable materials are present

117 Welding and Burning If combustible materials cannot be moved, ensure they are properly covered with a fireproof blanket, or ensure the area is wetted down. When using oxy-acetylene to cut on bridges or structures: o Clean out brush and vegetation before starting work. o Avoid setting fire to brush, grass, or weeds under or near the structure. Before leaving a work area, eliminate all fire hazards. On open deck bridges and track structures, a fire watch must be provided for two hours after work is completed. Note: See Section 1200, Fire Prevention Welding Screens Use proper screens when working with electric or oxy-acetylene welding or cutting where employees, the public, or property may be exposed Container Work If a container holds or held flammable solids, liquids, or vapors, clean the container and test it for combustible vapors before welding, cutting, or performing similar work on it. Before welding, cutting, or applying heat on a container, drum, or similar object, properly vent the container to allow gas or air to escape Cutting Rail under Tension When oxy-acetylene cutting on twisted rail or other steel parts that are under tension, take precautions to keep people from being struck by severed parts by: Chaining, supporting, or blocking the parts not being cut on both sides of the cut line. Notifying everyone in the area before you begin cutting

118 Welding and Burning General Safety Instructions Providing a watchman to prevent people from moving into the work area during the cutting operation. Note: Avoid cutting in the kinked or bent areas Electric Welding When electric welding: Before using an electric welding machine, ensure that the insulation on the cables, electrode holder, and work piece (ground) clamp are in good condition and secure. To prevent an accidental arc, remove the electrode from its holder when not in use. Before connecting the electric welding machine to a power source, secure ground properly. To prevent shock, take precautions if work area or PPE is wet Torch Outfit Set-Up Note: See Section 1900, Compressed Gas, for instructions on handling oxygen and acetylene cylinders used in torch outfits Requirements When hooking up an oxy-acetylene torch outfit: Strictly follow the order of procedure steps to avoid problems with the outfit. Properly handle, use, and care for the equipment to avoid accidents. Caution: Ensure that no grease, oil, or other debris is in or on the connections, fittings, flanges, gauges, hoses, or tanks Setting up an Oxygen Torch Outfit Follow this procedure to set up an oxygen torch outfit:

119 Welding and Burning 1. Stand to one side of the cylinder valve opening. Crack open and immediately close the oxygen cylinder valve to blow out any foreign particles from the valve. 2. Connect the regulator to the cylinder as follows: a. Completely unscrew (back out) the pressure-adjusting screw on the oxygen regulator. b. Inspect the oxygen regulator to make sure the cylinder connection is free of grit or dirt. c. Connect the oxygen regulator, which has a right-hand thread, to the oxygen cylinder. Tighten the nut securely using the proper wrench. Do not over tighten. 3. Connect the oxygen hose (green) tightly to the oxygen regulator. Use the proper wrench. 4. Turn on tank by turning valve counter-clockwise. Check reading on high pressure gauge. Open the valve slowly enough to avoid damaging the diaphragm, seat, or pressure gauge. Note: Test regulator and hose fittings and connections for leaks with a soapy solution. 5. Screw in (turn in) the oxygen regulator pressure-adjusting screw and blow out the hose. Make sure the hose is cleaned out, then unscrew (back out) the pressure-adjusting screw. 6. Attach the oxygen hose to the oxygen connection on the torch, which has a right-hand thread. Tighten the connection using the proper wrench. 7. Ensure the torch is clean by: a. Opening the oxygen torch needle valve and slightly screw in the regulator adjusting screw. b. Blowing out the torch until it is clean. c. Closing the torch needle valve

120 Welding and Burning General Safety Instructions Setting up an Acetylene Torch Outfit Follow this procedure to set up an acetylene torch outfit: 1. Ensure no open flames or sparks are nearby. 2. Crack open and immediately close the acetylene cylinder valve to blow out any foreign particles from the valve. Connect the regulator to the cylinder as follows: a. Completely unscrew the pressure-adjusting screw on the acetylene regulator. b. Inspect the acetylene regulator to make sure the cylinder connection is free of grit or dirt. c. Connect the regulator securely to the acetylene cylinder using the proper wrench. 4. Connect the acetylene hose (red) tightly to the acetylene regulator outlet, which has a left-hand thread. Use the proper wrench. 5. Stand to one side of the regulator valve. Slowly open the valve on the acetylene cylinder one-quarter turn. Open the valve slowly enough to avoid damaging the diaphragm, seat, or pressure gauge. 6. Screw in the acetylene regulator pressure-adjusting screw and blow out the hose. Make sure the hose is cleaned out and unscrew the pressure-adjusting screw. 7. Attach the acetylene hose to the acetylene connection on the torch, which has a left-hand thread. Tighten the connection using the proper wrench. 8. Ensure the torch is clean as follows: a. Open the acetylene torch needle valve and slightly screw in the acetylene regulator adjusting screw. b. Blow out the torch until it is clean. c. Close the torch needle valve

121 Welding and Burning Lighting the Torch Follow this procedure to light the torch: 1. With the acetylene valve on the torch closed, open the oxygen valve on the torch and adjust the oxygen regulator to the proper pressure. Then close the oxygen torch valve. 2. With the oxygen valve on the torch closed, open the acetylene valve on the torch and adjust the acetylene regulator to the proper pressure. Then close the acetylene torch valve. Note: Never adjust the acetylene regulator over 15 PSIG. 3. Select the proper size tip, insert the tip into the torch head, and tighten the tip using the proper wrench. 4. Put on the proper goggles, face mask, or hood (see Section 400, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)). 5. Light the torch with a flint-type friction lighter or other approved source. a. Open the acetylene valve on the torch approximately one-half turn. b. Light the torch immediately. c. Open the acetylene valve wide and adjust the oxygen to the proper flame. Note: Do not light the torch in a hot work pocket or in any confined space. Do not use the work to relight a torch that has blown out. Do not operate a torch or perform welding with cigarette lighter in pocket Completion of Work When work is complete: 1. Close the valves at the cylinder. 2. Relieve pressure from the hoses. 3. Unscrew (back out) the regulator valves

122 Welding and Burning General Safety Instructions Dismantling Torch Outfit Follow these steps to dismantle the torch outfit: 1. Extinguish the torch flame by closing the acetylene needle valve on the torch, then close the oxygen needle valve on the torch. 2. Close the oxygen and acetylene cylinder valves. 3. With the oxygen torch valve closed to drain the hose, open the acetylene torch valve. Unscrew the adjusting screw on the regulator and immediately close the acetylene torch valve. 4. With the acetylene torch valve closed to drain the hose, open the oxygen torch valve. Unscrew the adjusting screw on the regulator and immediately close the oxygen torch valve. 5. Remove both regulators. 6. Replace both cylinder caps

123 Material Handling Material Handling General Requirements When performing manual lifting or handling of material, use proper methods to ensure safety. Request assistance or use a mechanical lifting device when loads exceed physical capabilities Prepare to Lift Follow these guidelines before lifting: Inspect the route that will be traveled for: o Adequate lighting. o Tripping or slipping hazards such as debris, obstructions, or spilled materials. o Appropriate surface conditions. Inspect the load for sharp edges, slivers, and wet or greasy spots. Note: Ensure gloves are free from oil, grease, or other agents that can contribute to a poor grip on material being handled. Consider the distance over which the load will be carried. Determine if load exceeds lifting capability. If so, ask for help, or use mechanical lifting device Single Person Lifts A. Safe Lifting Use the following guidelines when lifting: Assume a comfortable stance. Bend knees. Lift smoothly, while keeping a straight back

124 Material Handling General Safety Instructions Keep load close to the body. Avoid twisting body while lifting. Keep hands clear of pinch points. B. Loading and Unloading Stand as close to the load as possible. Bend knees to move the load. Keep back straight. Keep the weight close to the body. Obtain good footing and position feet shoulderwidth apart. Firmly grip the load. Avoid pinch points and sharp objects. Be sure the load is secure wherever it is placed. Slide the load into tight spaces. When placing load on a bench or table, rest the load on the edge and push it forward. Do not block vehicle or pedestrian traffic. C. Lifting to a High Place Wear a hardhat when lifting or working overhead. Lighten the load if possible. Break the load down or repackage it into two or more manageable loads. Position an approved ladder or platform facing the rack as close to the rack as possible. Get help if the load exceeds personal capabilities. D. Lowering from a High Place Test the load by pushing up on it and gauge the weight of the object. Verify the stability of load (no shifting). Stand as close to the load as possible

125 Material Handling Grasp the object firmly, sliding it down from the body. Get help if necessary. E. Alternative Lift 1. Stand as close to the load as possible. Spread feet apart. 2. Bend at the knees, if you can. Or brace yourself, putting knees against a solid object. 3. Bend at the hips. Keep your head and back in a straight line. 4. Lift gradually using legs, buttocks, and stomach muscles. Examples: o Deep box or cage o Storage rack o Trunk of car Note: The following figure lists numbered points corresponding to the above procedure. Figure Safe Angle for Lifting

126 Material Handling General Safety Instructions Two Person Lift Work with someone of similar build and height, if possible. Discuss entire work plan. One person will lead the effort. Give lift, move, and lower commands using a loud, clear voice. Lift from the hips at the same time. Raise the load to the desired level. Move smoothly and in unison. If either person is losing control of the load, use a loud, clear voice to command drop and clear Keeping Areas Clean Keep platforms and floors free of obstructions, spills, debris, trash, and other hazardous conditions Carrying Do not carry a load on shoulder. Keep the load close and avoid twisting the body. Do not change grip. Face the spot where the load will be placed. Ensure proper vision is maintained at all times. Turn feet and whole body in that direction. Avoid pinch points Avoiding Sharp Objects To avoid sharp objects: Always inspect the load for sharp edges, sharp objects, and puncture points before moving the load. Wear appropriate PPE when handling materials (example: for materials with sharp edges use cutresistant gloves)

127 Material Handling Remove protruding nails, staples, and loose ends of metal bands or wire before transporting materials into or out of any location or container. Watch for and avoid splinters, burrs, and other sharp edges on iron, pipe, wire, nails, and other metal objects. Use caution when applying and disposing of steel banding used to bind and secure packages, cartons, and loads. Wear appropriate PPE (eye protection, face shields, gloves, hardhat, etc.). When cutting banding, use caution and stand clear, since banding can snap back. Wear appropriate PPE (eye protection face shields, gloves, and hard hat). Use a wire cutter or snips to cut banding. When reaching into a drawer or other hidden area, use caution for potential pointed or sharp objects. Be aware of material extending beyond ends of racks Keeping Hands, Feet, and Body Clear Follow these steps below for safe handling of materials: Do not shift or drop load unexpectedly. Keep out from under material being raised, lowered, or suspended. If something has to be removed from under the load, use the appropriate tool or device. Avoid pinch, nip, or crush points where material or equipment could fall on or against hands, feet, or body parts Preventing Falling Material To prevent falling material: Do not stack or leave objects where they are likely to fall or be tipped or knocked over. When loading or unloading material, make sure the load is balanced to prevent the vehicle or load from tipping or rolling

128 Material Handling General Safety Instructions When unloading piling, poles, pipe, lumber, or similar material, use appropriate PPE. Unload the top of the load before cutting the middle or lower side stake or tie wires, if possible. When lifting or moving material, be sure that no part of the load can be dislodged to cause injury. Before stacking material on a shelf or pallet, ensure the shelf is secure and strong enough to support the load. Ensure the pallet is secure, not broken, and solid enough to support the load. Block, band, or chock material that is apt to roll, shift, or fall Lifting Heavy Material To lift heavy material safely: Test the weight of the load, by tipping it first to get a sense of the weight, and ask for assistance if needed. Avoid violent jerks and pulls. Assume a comfortable stance; bend knees. Lift smoothly with the legs, while keeping a straight back. When lifting an object to a position above the waist, do it in two steps, resting the object on a support and repositioning hands when the object is at waist level. When replacing a spool of banding, have 2 employees handle the full spool, which weighs approximately 100 pounds. Place the machine on its side to replace the spool Use of Elevators To use elevators safely when handling material: Use a freight elevator, if possible. Prior to moving material handling equipment (hand truck, pallet jack, etc.) on or off an elevator, ensure the

129 Material Handling elevator has come to a complete stop and is level with the floor. Before starting an elevator, ensure nothing is blocking the doors Storing and Securing Material To store and secure material safely: Do not block emergency exits and equipment (fire extinguisher, first aid, eyewash, etc.). When not handling or using material, trucks, transfer plates, gangplanks, or skids, place them a safe distance from tracks, platforms, walkways, stairs, loading docks, doorways, and overhead doors. Stacked, stowed, or loaded materials need to be secured to prevent movement (shift, roll, fall, etc.). Ensure materials are not left standing or leaning on ends. Use caution when applying and disposing of steel banding used to bind and secure packages, cartons, and loads. Wear appropriate PPE (eye protection, face shields, gloves, hardhat, etc.). When cutting banding: o Use caution and stand clear, since banding can snap back. o Wear appropriate PPE (eye protection, face shields, gloves, hardhat, etc.). Use approved band-cutters to cut steel banding material. o Place scrap banding in suitable containers for disposal Use of Ladders or Portable Stairs To use ladders or stairs safely: Check to see if lockdown mechanism is dis-engaged. For better control, push warehouse ladders or portable stairs into position, whenever possible. Engage lockdown mechanism

130 Material Handling General Safety Instructions Use handholds provided and face the ladder when ascending or descending. Do not over reach using a rolling ladder. When ladder or portable stairs are not in use, store in proper location and apply the lock-down mechanism Handling Specific Material Handling Hazardous Material Prior to handling hazardous material: Employees must be trained and authorized to do so. Carefully read label and ask for assistance if necessary. Be aware of the contents of all containers and be extremely careful when handling them. If hazardous material spills or leaks, clear all persons from the area, mark off the area, and notify your supervisor. Do not accept unmarked or unlabeled containers or products not accompanied by the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)/Safety Data Sheet (SDS). Note: See Section 800 Hazardous Material Storing Hazardous Material Store combustible or flammable materials in cabinets designated and designed for that purpose. Note: See Section 1200 Fire Prevention Note: Do not store volatile or incompatible materials near each other (examples: oxygen and acetylene; ammonia and bleach). Contact a supervisor or the Safety Department for additional information

131 Material Handling Using Material Handling Equipment Use of Transfer Plates, Gang Planks, and Skids When using transfer plates, gang planks, and skids: Do not place transfer plates, gangplanks, or skids in the doorway of a car coupled to an engine, unless the equipment is protected against movement. Before placing transfer plates, gangplanks, or skids between cars and platforms, make sure that no one is on the ground between the cars. Before using transfer plates, gangplanks, or skids, make sure they are properly secured. Apply sand or other suitable material to gangplanks, steps, and transfer plates that are wet, icy, or slippery Loading Hand Trucks or Carts When loading hand trucks or carts: Do not stand on hand truck or cart. Do not overload or load hand truck or cart unsafely. Whenever possible, push carts and other hand trucks into position. Stay in control. Be able to stop for unexpected person or obstruction Unloading or Loading Trucks When unloading or loading trucks: Inspect flooring prior to ensure it is safe for entry. While the tractor is being coupled or uncoupled, do not enter trailer area

132 Material Handling General Safety Instructions When the truck and dock heights are uneven, use a dock plate, turn off the truck, remove the key from the ignition, and chock the wheels Using Highway Trailers When using highway trailers for loading or unloading at doors or platforms, block/chock the wheels securely to prevent movement Using Off-Track Material Handling Equipment Ensure Authorized Operators Only authorized and trained personnel may operate trucks, tractors, or mechanized material handling equipment Operating and Riding Equipment A. Operating Equipment Follow these requirements when operating off-track material handling equipment: Perform operational pre-use inspection of equipment at beginning of each shift. If a defect (example: back up alarm not working) is found, notify a supervisor immediately or immediately tag it DEFECTIVE and remove from service until repairs are completed. Operate equipment in a safe controlled manner Apply seatbelt. Keep arms, legs and the rest of body inside vehicle. Only the operator may ride on equipment when it is operating. Exception: A passenger may ride on equipment in a passenger seat if authorized by the supervisor or employee in charge

133 Material Handling Obey speed limits when operating trucks, tractors, or mechanical freight handling equipment. Yield the rightof-way to pedestrians When moving through stores, shops, and locations where driving view is obstructed, face the direction of movement with loads following, if possible. Lookout for overhead clearance (wires, lights, pipes, beams, doorways). When rounding corners, passing doorways, or moving in a congested area: o Reduce speed. o Sound a warning signal with the horn. o Be able to stop for unexpected persons or obstructions. When backing up, look over both shoulders. Do not get on or off a machine while it is moving. Wait until a machine stops completely before reversing direction. Avoid leaving vehicle to idle unnecessarily. Do not use a fork truck or similar equipment to bump doors open. When hauling a long load that extends past the rear of the truck, attach a red flag by day or a red light by night to the end of the load. Make sure the flag or light will not strike anything. Be cautious when rounding corners. B. Riding Equipment Follow these requirements when riding off-track material handling equipment: Do not ride on the running board of an automobile or truck. Do not get on or off a machine while it is in motion. Ride only machines that are specifically designed for riding

134 Material Handling General Safety Instructions Do not ride on coupling devices or tongues between tractors or trucks. Occupy a forklift platform only if the platform is suitably designed, properly secured, and protected by handrails. Use only approved platforms to lift people. Do not ride on platforms. Tie off (to the mast) anyone on lift platforms. C. Operating Gas-Powered or Propane-Powered Equipment Follow these requirements when operating gas-powered or propane-powered equipment: Do not operate propane gas or gasoline-powered machines with the hood up or removed. When using a propane-powered vehicle, make sure the tank is secured and mounted with the arrow pointing up. If leakage is detected from a propane tank, immediately shut off the valve and remove the tank if possible Leave Equipment Unattended Follow these requirements when leaving off-track material handling equipment unattended: Ensure the equipment is clear of moving equipment, walkways, and working areas. Apply the parking brake and remove the key. At the end of a tour of duty, leave a shop vehicle at the designated parking area, unless your supervisor has designated other areas for leaving equipment unattended. Lock door of equipment Keep Lanes Open Keep traffic lanes open to allow mechanical equipment to move freely

135 Material Handling Use of Powered Industrial Trucks For additional requirements refer to Section Equipment Use and Section Powered Industrial Trucks Servicing Equipment Only authorized personnel may service equipment. Service equipment according to the manufacturer s service manuals and lubrication charts Securing Loads and Transporting Materials Follow Pre-Work Requirements When securing loads and transporting materials, it is the driver s responsibility to safely secure the transported load using at least one of the options detailed in this section. A. Option A Ensure that the vehicle has: Sides and sideboards, or stakes and Rear endgate, endboard, or stakes. Ensure that the devices are strong and high enough to keep the cargo from shifting or falling from the vehicle. B. Option B Ensure that the vehicle has at least one tie down assembly for each 10 linear feet of lading. Ensure that the vehicle has as many additional tie down assemblies as necessary to secure the cargo being transported

136 Material Handling General Safety Instructions C. Option C Ensure that the vehicle has other effective methods to protect against shifting or falling cargo Secure Articles against Movement Secure an article against movement in any direction by following these guidelines: Ensure that the working load limit of the tie down assemblies is at least 1 ½ times the weight of the article. If using steel strapping 1 inch wide or wider, ensure that it has at least 2 pairs of crimps in each seal. When forming an end over end lap joint, seal it with at least two seals. When using unmarked wire rope, consider the working load limit to be equal to ¼ of the nominal strength listed in the Wire Rope User s Manual. Ensure that the following are at least as strong as the tie down assembly when the connector is loaded: o Anchorage points o Hooks, bolts, welds, or other connectors by which a tie down assembly is attached to a vehicle o Mounting place o Means of mounting the connector Use tie down assemblies designed to be tightened during transit Secure Cargo When a vehicle carries cargo that may shift sideways in transit, block or brace the cargo securely against the sides, sideboards, or stakes of the vehicle or secure the cargo. Use a headerboard or similar device, strong enough to prevent the load from shifting and penetrating or crushing the driver s compartment

137 Material Handling Disposing of Potentially Damaging Material Disposing of Hazardous Materials Only handle hazardous materials or wastes if you are trained and qualified. RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act) Training is available through the Environmental Compliance & Services Department. Any questions regarding the safe handling or disposal of materials should be referred to your supervisor or the Environmental Compliance & Services Department. Note: Refer to Section Hazard Communication and Materials

138 Compressed Gas Compressed Gas General Requirements When receiving, issuing, or using gases and compressed air: Wear proper PPE. Do not smoke, create sparks, or use open flames where gas cylinders are stored. When using or storing cylinders, use chains or another suitable device to keep them from tipping over. Keep empty and full cylinders separate. Mark empty cylinders as empty Inspecting Cylinders for Leaks When inspecting cylinders for leaks: 1. Use leak check solution (soap and water) to detect leaks. Do not use an open flame. 2. If a leak is detected before or during use: a. Stop using the cylinder immediately. b. Close the cylinder valve. c. To temporarily stop a leak, attach a regulator and close it. d. Move the cylinder into the open air away from buildings, flammable material, and anything that could cause the cylinder to ignite. e. Immediately contact a supervisor and warn others not to smoke or use sources of ignition near the cylinder. Post warnings if possible. f. Tag the cylinder with an Out of Service tag. g. Return damaged cylinders to the supplier

139 Compressed Gas General Safety Instructions Handling Cylinders To handle cylinders safely: Prior to handling, ensure protective caps are in place if applicable. Avoid pinch points. Do not drop cylinders, allow them to strike each other, or handle them roughly. Avoid damaging cylinder valves. Do not lift cylinders by their valve or valve protection caps. When hoisting or transporting cylinders, use a cradle, platform, or other suitable support. Do not hoist cylinders with a sling or electric magnet. Do not use empty or full cylinders as rollers or supports Using Oxygen and Acetylene When using oxygen and acetylene cylinders: Do not charge a cylinder with acetylene or oxygen. Use oxygen and acetylene regulators, hoses, and other apparatus for their intended purpose only. Use only approved tools to open cylinder valves, not a hammer or wrench. Verify that hoses have a safety check valve on each end. Make sure that a suitable pressure-reducing regulator is attached to the cylinder valve. Do not tamper with the numbers and markings stamped into cylinders. Do not attempt to mix gases in a cylinder (only the gas supplier can do this). Do not refill a cylinder (only the cylinder owner or person authorized by the owner can do this). Do not tamper with safety devices in or on cylinders and valves

140 Compressed Gas Oxygen Cylinders When using oxygen cylinders: Do not use oxygen as a substitute for compressed air or as a source of pressure or ventilation. Do not allow oil or grease to contact oxygen cylinders, gauges, or any equipment through which oxygen passes. Do not handle the oxygen apparatus with oily hands or gloves. Open oxygen cylinders slowly Acetylene Cylinders When using acetylene cylinders: Keep the key on the valve stem so the cylinder can be turned off quickly in an emergency. Do not turn the regulator above 15 psi Storing and Transporting Cylinders To store and transport cylinders safely: Store and transport cylinders vertically with the valve end up. Do not store or transport cylinders on their side. Use chains or another suitable device to keep cylinders from tipping over. Do not drop cylinders or let them strike each other violently when moving or storing. Securely attach the cylinder cap. Do not place cylinders near stoves, radiators, furnaces, or other sources of heat. Do not place cylinders where they might become part of an electric current. Separate oxygen cylinders from flammable gas cylinders by at least 25 feet or place a barrier between them. The barrier must: o Have a fire rating of at least 30 minutes

141 Compressed Gas General Safety Instructions o Be at least 5 feet tall. o Designate and label areas flammable. Note: Steel plating is not an acceptable barrier because it transfers heat easily Store Cylinders Outside When storing cylinders outside: Set the cylinders on a concrete pad or in storage racks of noncombustible material. Protect the cylinders with an awning or roof of noncombustible material. Store cylinders in a well-protected, well-ventilated, dry location. Store cylinders in an assigned place away from elevators, stairs, or gangways. Store in an area where cylinders will not be knocked over, damaged by passing or falling objects, or subject to tampering by unauthorized persons. Close the valves on empty cylinders. While cylinders are in storage, ensure that the cylinder valve protection caps are in place and hand-tighten them Using Compressed Air Use compressed air as follows: Avoid using compressed air for cleaning machines. If necessary, use appropriate PPE (goggles, or a face shield and safety glasses) and pressure reducing nozzle. Do not use compressed air to blow dirt from people or clothing. Do not use compressed air to blow shavings, dirt, or other material from shelves or floors. Do not use compressed air to blow out the contents of a steel barrel

142 Compressed Gas Do not blow compressed air into a non-pressure vessel

143 Electrical Safety Electrical Safety Minimum Distance from Exposed Energized Line/Part Maintain the following minimum distances from an exposed energized line or part: Unqualified employee or other person 10 feet Qualified employee or other person (Class A, Class B, and Class C) according to table below: Nominal Voltage Phase to Phase (V) Phase to Ground Exposure Minimum Approach (Ft-In) Class A B C 50V to 300V Avoid Contact Avoid Contact Avoid Contact 301V to 750V * V to 36,000V *Includes 700V DC third rail system Qualified Employees A qualified employee has done the following: Received training and demonstrated proficiency in their job assignment. Passed the required examinations. Been approved by proper authority to work near exposed energized parts

144 Electrical Safety General Safety Instructions A. Class A Class A employees are Power Department employees who are instructed and certified on electrical hazards. They are qualified to do the following: Erect, repair, and maintain electrical apparatus, catenary, and third rail. Supervise and protect other people performing work in electrified territory. Use hot line tools and work on circuits energized to 30,000 volts. Class A Power Department employees are limited to the following job tasks: Overhead lines Substations Traction distribution Electric test B. Class B Class B employees include the following: Power Department and Structures electricians who are instructed and certified on electrical hazards. They are qualified to install, maintain, and repair electrical apparatus under their jurisdiction. Mechanical Department employees who are instructed and certified on electrical hazards. They are permitted to work on top of equipment under the conditions authorized in these instructions. Communication & Signals (C&S) employees who are instructed and certified on electrical hazards. They are qualified to install, maintain, and repair signal apparatus under their jurisdiction, and are qualified to install third rail protection blankets

145 Electrical Safety C. Class C Class C employees include the following: Track & Structures employees Operations Services employees Employees who are instructed and certified on electrical hazards and whose duties require them to work near the third rail Extended Reach Extended reach is the working distance measured between the employee and the end of the tool, equipment, or material being used and the exposed energized (live) parts. If the extended reach of tool, equipment, or material must breach the minimum approach distance listed in the table in Section , do the following: Use insulated gloves with leather protectors to insulate from the energized part. Wear them according to established procedures explained in Section 400 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Insulate yourself (and any other conductive object) from the energized part Rubber Insulating Blanket Rubber insulating blankets are specialty items and manufactured to industry standards. Use them to do the following: Provide personal protection in case of accidental contact with exposed energized (live) parts. Provide protection from electrical hazards of energized (live) third rail. Work between the running rail and the adjacent energized (live) third rail

146 Electrical Safety General Safety Instructions Follow these guidelines for using rubber insulating blankets: Do not perform work between the field side of the track rail and energized third rail without rubber blanket protection applied by a qualified employee. Only qualified Class A or B employees are allowed to install rubber insulating blankets on energized (live) third rail. Use only an MNR approved rubber insulating blanket. Avoid intentional contact with rubber insulating blankets. Follow procedures on testing rubber blankets Using and Wearing Gloves Wear the appropriate protective gloves when working around or in contact with energized circuits, conductors, or apparatus. Note: Only those employees who have received proper instruction on use, inspection, and caring for low-voltage and high-voltage rubber gloves and their leather protectors may use these gloves. Perform daily checks on gloves and ensure that periodic testing is performed as instructed. Do not wear leather glove protectors as work gloves. If a defect is found, cut off the glove s fingers and discard the glove as instructed. Follow all instructions as provided during training or by your supervisor. Maintain your gloves in good condition. Keep gloves clean and dry. Use proper storage bags to store rubber gloves and glove protectors when they are not in use. Do not use glove storage bags for any other purpose Third Rail Exposed Energized Parts The Third Rail System has a 700-volt positive third rail for each track and the running rail, which is the 700-volt negative part of the system. The electrical energy, or voltage, between the running rails and the third rail is 700 volts. The third rail is an exposed conductor energized at 700 volts

147 Electrical Safety Note: Maintain minimum approach distance. Do not step, sit, or walk on the third rail. Figure Third Rail System Components. The exposed energized parts include (see Figure ): Third rail End approach (nosepiece) Rail lead Pothead (terminator) The unexposed energized parts, which are still part of the third rail system, include the following: Bracket Bracket tie Capping (covering on the third rail) Note: Covering (capping) on the third rail is not insulation. Do not depend on it for protection against shock from contact with the energized (live) third rail

148 Electrical Safety General Safety Instructions Sectionalizing switch Impedance bond Note: Impedance bond lead wires are exothermically bonded (cadweld) to the running rail. If the lead breaks off, the end becomes exposed Office Electrical Safety Outlets and Extension Cords Overloading electrical circuits and extensions cords can result in fire. Avoid overloading electrical outlets with extension cords by using outlets whenever possible. Only use extension cords in situations where fixed wiring is not feasible. Do not use extension cords and jumpers where they could create a tripping hazard or could be damaged. Examine electric cords on a routine basis for fraying and exposed wiring. Remove damaged cords from service immediately and always replace unsafe cords. A. Improper placement of cords Never pull a cord or drag it over nails, hooks, or other sharp objects that may cause cuts in the cord insulation. Never place cords on radiators, steam pipes, walls, and windows. Do not place extension cords under carpets or rugs. Pay particular attention to connections behind furniture. If filing cabinets or bookcases are pushed tightly against electric outlets, they may severely bend the cord at the plug Use of Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCI) GFCI are devices that detect when current passes to ground through any path other than the proper conductor. When this condition exists, the GFCI quickly opens the circuit, stopping all

149 Electrical Safety current flow to the circuit and to a person receiving the groundfault shock. GFCI protected circuits are a way of providing protection of personnel using electric hand tools on construction sites or other locations. Always ensure ground-fault protection for personnel during temporary wiring installations and when providing temporary power to equipment used by personnel during construction, remodeling, maintenance, repair, or demolition activities Portable and Vehicle-Mounted Generators You may use two-wire, single phase generators of not more than 5,000 W where the circuit conductors of the generator are insulated from the generator frame and all other grounded surfaces. GFCI must be used to provide protection when using electrical devices or hand tools. Ensure that all portable electric generators that supply 15-or 20- A, 120-V receptacles meet all of the following conditions: They must be rated not more than 5kW. They shall have only a two-wire circuit (i.e., only 120-V output). They shall have both circuit conductors insulated from the frame and all other grounded surfaces Batteries Storage batteries are considered a live source. Take appropriate precautions when working around them. Storage batteries should be located in a protective enclosure or area accessible only to qualified persons. A protective enclosure can be a battery room, a control building, or a case, cage, or

150 Electrical Safety General Safety Instructions fence that protects the contained equipment and minimize the possibility of inadvertent contact with energized parts. Ensure that the battery storage is ventilated by either natural or powered ventilation system to prevent accumulation of vapors Live Parts Ensure live parts that an employee may be exposed to are deenergized before working on or near them. Note: See Section 2300, Lockout/Tagout and the MN290 for procedures on de-energizing equipment

151 On or About Tracks On or About Tracks Walking, Sitting, or Standing on Track Follow these requirements when on or near tracks: Expect movement on any track in either direction at any time. This includes trains, engines, cars, or other movable equipment. Do not foul tracks except when required to perform duties. The possession of an umbrella on or about the tracks is prohibited. Use caution before fouling tracks, fouling traffic envelope, or stepping from between equipment or structures. Look in both directions for approaching equipment. Use approved walkways when available. If necessary to cross more than one track, stop and look before crossing each track. Do not rely on others to provide warning of approaching equipment. Always be alert and take responsibility for your own personal safety. Do not walk, sit, or step on rails, frogs, switches, guard rails, bridges, rails, interlocking machinery, or movable connections. Before crossing tracks, look in both directions for approaching equipment. You must be able to reach a safe location at least 15 seconds before a train or equipment arrives. Note: All Roadway Workers must complete the Roadway Worker Safety Class annually

152 On or About Tracks General Safety Instructions Maintaining a Safe Distance To maintain a safe distance when on or near tracks: Stop all work when notified or become aware of the approach of a train. Clear the tracks at least 15 seconds before the train or equipment reach the work area. Keep a safe distance from passing cars and trains to avoid being struck by falling or protruding objects. Keep at least 15 feet away from either end of a standing train, locomotive, or cars when crossing tracks. Stay clear until notified that it is safe to resume work. Note: When coupling equipment, separate the locomotive or cars by at least 15 feet before approaching either end of the coupling to make adjustments. Exception: This rule does not apply if working on the equipment and blue signal protection is in place. Exception: When working on a track where working limits are established, clearing for trains in the gage of the out-ofservice track may be permitted Working near Passing Trains When operating on-track equipment and a train is approaching on an adjacent main track, do the following: Stop the equipment. Ensure all employees are clear of tracks

153 On or About Tracks Operating Track Switches Only authorized employees are allowed to handle or operate track switches. Follow these guidelines when operating track switches: Look in both directions for moving equipment on adjacent tracks and stay in the clear. All switches are anchored to two adjacent switch ties, which are longer than regular railroad ties. Stand so that the first switch tie (where the switch handle is resting) is between your feet. o Place feet shoulder-width apart, maintain a wellbalanced stance, and bend slightly at the knees while firmly grasping the handle with both hands. o Straighten the knees slowly and smoothly pull the switch handle to the neutral position (straight up). o Move to the adjacent switch tie where the switch handle will be seated. Make sure it is situated between your feet. o With both hands firmly grasping the handle, lower it slowly to the locked position. o Check the switch points to make sure they are properly seated to allow for the safe movement of trains Riding on Equipment Follow these requirements when riding on equipment: When riding on a locomotive, freight car, or caboose platform, keep a firm grip on a grab iron, hand hold, or railing at all times. Do not place clothing, tools, or other objects on grab irons, hand holds, footboards, running boards, steps, or other safety appliances on locomotives, cranes, or cars. Ensure only authorized individuals ride in track cars. A roadway worker other than the machine operator(s) is prohibited from riding on any on-track roadway maintenance machine unless a safe and secure position for each roadway

154 On or About Tracks General Safety Instructions worker on the machine is clearly identified by stenciling, marking, or other written notice Equipment Ride Restrictions When riding on equipment, follow these rules, procedures, instructions, and warnings: Employees are prohibited from riding on the outside of passenger equipment. Ensure that only the crewmember on the leading end rides the side of non-passenger equipment provided. A safety briefing specific to that move must be conducted with all employees involved. Ensure that there is adequate side clearance throughout the move. Ensure that there is a secure location for the employee to ride with adequate hand and footholds. Enforce that the maximum allowable speed for any movement with a crew member riding the side of the equipment is 5 MPH. A. Mounting and Dismounting Standing Equipment When getting on or off standing equipment: Check both directions, carefully observe the ground, platform, or equipment condition and make sure you will have secure footing. Face the equipment being mounted or dismounted. Place the ball of your foot firmly before placing your full weight on the step or ladder. Maintain three-point contact. Grasp one grab iron with each hand. Do not grasp a grab iron with both hands. Keep your handhold until your foot is firmly placed on the ground or other surface. Whenever possible, use the side opposite the third rail

155 On or About Tracks B. Opening and Closing Doors When opening and closing locomotive, car, and caboose doors, adhere to the following guidelines: Use the handles provided to open and close doors. Do not place fingers on the edge of the door or door jamb. Doors can swing shut unexpectedly Riding on Equipment When riding on equipment, avoid injury from unexpected movement. Use the following guidelines: Whenever possible, sit or stand in a braced position in the following situations: o When equipment enters or leaves a yard o When starts or stops are anticipated When walking on equipment, keep hands out of pockets, use available railings, and brace for unexpected movement Unloading When unloading material from cars, if you must take slack or jar the cars to dislodge the material, ensure that all employees are off the cars and in the clear before trying to dislodge the material Inspecting Passing Trains and/or equipment Inspect all passing trains. If a dangerous condition is detected, use any means available to warn the crewmembers on the passing train to stop. If the train does not stop, immediately notify the Chief Rail Traffic Controller by radio or by phone at (212) Note: Inspect passing trains from both sides if enough employees are available and if conditions permit. However,

156 On or About Tracks General Safety Instructions keep clear of other tracks on which train or other movements may be made. Note: The word Emergency, repeated three times, is used to signify a condition which may endanger train movement or the safety of individuals. Use of this word gives the sending and receiving parties absolute priority in use of the radio channel. To stop approaching trains by radio in an emergency use the following transmission: Example: Emergency, Emergency, Emergency; All trains approaching (location) come to a safe stop Working around Standing Equipment Employees must not foul couplers or connect air hoses until they receive acknowledgement that the engine reverser is centered. Ensure there is a minimum of 15 feet of separation between pieces of equipment prior to fouling couplers, applying markers, or crossing between equipment. Use available ladder or steps when it is necessary to get on or off standing trains, self-propelled equipment, roadway machinery, vehicles, platform tables, or other such raised surfaces. When fouling or going under or between standing equipment for any purpose: Make arrangements for protection. Protection must be originated and terminated only by the employee who occupies or goes under or between the equipment. Prior to communicating a signal to move, ensure that all crewmembers or parties in the work area are identified and in the clear. Keep all body parts at least 4 feet from wheels

157 On or About Tracks Work Following Derailments, Mudslides, Floods, Etc. Following derailments, mudslides, floods, washouts, or other accidents that affect the third rail or its connections, use extreme caution in the affected area. Follow established procedures for ensuring that the third rail is de-energized before performing any work in these areas. Be aware of trains bridging third-rail gaps Ensuring Safe Movement of Trains Employees assigned to protect the safe movement of trains at locations where authorized private contractors are working must do the following: Conduct a job safety briefing (JSB) with all parties involved in the work. This will include a discussion of the following: The job tasks Assignment of tasks and responsibilities Existing and potential hazards On track protection provided Required tools, equipment, and materials Necessary safeguards and procedures Identification of where to clear up Special conditions to watch for When to stop and re-brief Feedback and questions The JSB is not complete until all employees acknowledge the understanding of the established working limits and the briefing is documented on the MNR JSB Form. If conditions change, a new job briefing must be conducted prior to work being resumed. Wear proper PPE and maintain all required flagging equipment

158 On or About Tracks General Safety Instructions Determine each day which employee is in charge of the workers. If workers fail to comply with instructions, immediately stop all work and make a report to the employee in charge of the track

159 Railroad Radio Rules Railroad Radio Rules Allowable Radio Use Use radios exclusively for railroad operations. If such communications fail, use other means to avoid delay. Use only radios furnished by MNR for railroad operations Radio Channel Selection Radio channels are designated in the Timetable. Before transmitting by radio, listen to ensure that the channel on which you intend to transmit is not in use. Engines, cabooses, track cars, other equipment, and fixed points, when attended and equipped with a radio, must have the radio on and tuned to the proper channel at all times, with volume control adjusted to ensure reception at all times Radio Voice Test When taking charge of a radio, conduct a voice test. The receiving station shall advise the sending station of the quality and readability of its transmission Radio Repair If a radio does not operate properly, promptly arrange for its repair. Note: No employee (except those specifically authorized) shall make any technical adjustments to a railroad radio set FCC Radio Inspection Allow a duly accredited FCC representative to inspect your radio equipment and related FCC documents at any reasonable time

160 Railroad Radio Rules General Safety Instructions Identification and Content of Messages To initiate a radio call, the employee must: Listen to ensure that the channel is clear Identify their employing railroad Identify themselves, as follows: o For trains, the schedule number of scheduled trains, or the symbol (if any) and engine number for extra trains. If communication is with someone other than the engineer of the train, the employee must identify themselves by title o For track cars, "TC" and the track car number o For fixed stations, the approved base, wayside, or yard station name o For the OCC, RTC District and the dispatching district designation o For other persons and portable units, the employee's title, last name and location

161 Railroad Radio Rules Make communications as brief as possible, and use these key words: Key Word ROGER OVER OUT EMERGENCY Explanation Use to signify that the message was received and understood. When required by Operating Rule 5-E (3), ROGER also means that you repeated the instructions correctly. Use at the close of each transmission to which a response is expected. Use at the close of each transmission to which a response is not necessary. Should be preceded by proper identification. Transmit three times to obtain use of radio channels for an initial report of conditions that endanger train movements Short Identification When radio communication is used for switching operations within a yard, and once positive identification has been established, a short radio identification consisting of engine or assignment number may be used Radio Communication In Lieu of Hand Signals When using radio communication (instead of hand signals) while switching, backing, or pushing a train, engine, or car, ensure that the employee directing the movement gives complete instructions and is in continuous radio contact with the employees receiving the instructions

162 Railroad Radio Rules General Safety Instructions Proper Understanding and Acknowledgment Ensure that you are communicating with the proper people and take action only when you are certain that all conversations have been heard, understood, and acknowledged. The employee receiving communication must repeat back all transmissions containing any information or instructions that could affect the safety of railroad operations. Any radio communication which is not fully understood or completed, except emergency communications, shall not be acted upon and shall be treated as though not sent. Give absolute priority to emergency communications. Except when answering or aiding a station in distress, do not send communication until you are sure that no interference will result to the station in distress. Do not knowingly transmit the following: False distress communication Unnecessary, irrelevant, or unidentified communication Obscene, indecent, or profane language

163 Control of Hazardous Energy Lockout/Tagout Control of Hazardous Energy Lockout/Tagout Lockout/tagout is placing a lock and/or tag on an energyisolating device which separates a machine or piece of equipment from an energy source according to an established procedure, to prevent accidental start up or release of stored energy, for the protection of employees. When working on a piece of equipment, follow these lockout/tagout guidelines: Only authorized employees shall apply or remove locks and/or tags. Do not engage in an unauthorized act that defeats, disables or modifies the purpose of a safety device. Do not remove a lock and/or tag placed by another employee. Do not use lockout/tagout locks for any other purpose. When applying a tag, use an individual department tag and complete all appropriate information When to Use Locks/Tags Use locks/tags before working on equipment as follows: Lock out the main power source to electrically operated or controlled machinery such as cranes, charging machines, furnaces, pre-heaters, and elevators prior to adjusting or making repairs. If the main power source cannot be locked out, lock out the machinery controls to prevent accidental startup. Lock out the valves or pump motors of steam systems, compressors, boilers, hydraulic systems, chemical processing systems, natural gas systems, and water systems. If valves or pump motors of a piping system cannot be locked out, close and tag equipment to prevent accidental startup and do one of the following:

164 Control of Hazardous Energy Lockout/TagoutGeneral Safety Instructions o Disconnect the piping and remove a portion of the line or o Insert a blank cap or plug designed to withstand the maximum pressure in the line. Before working on electrical systems, ensure they are deenergized and lock (when possible) and tag out system at the nearest power source. Before entering a confined space, such as a boiler, tank, or manhole: o Use confined space entry procedures found in Section 2400, Confined Space or MNR s Confined Space Program. o Lock out the control circuits. o Ventilate the space as necessary. o Lock and/or tag access doors to keep them open Application and Removal of Lockout Devices Apply and remove lockout devices as follows: The first authorized employee on the job applies an approved craft lock and/or tag, however o If more than one employee or craft will be working on the job, the authorized employee applies a multiple locking device. o If two or more crafts are working on the job, each craft applies its own lock and/or tag. o If several employees from one craft are working on a piece of equipment, the authorized employee in charge applies a lock and/or tag so that no employee can energize the equipment while other employees are working on it. If an authorized employee in charge leaves a job incomplete and is relieved by another authorized employee in charge, the second employee in charge installs a lock and/or tag

165 Control of Hazardous Energy Lockout/Tagout before the first employee in charge removes his or her lock and/or tag. If an employee leaves a job incomplete and cannot be located, and the equipment must be put back in service, the supervisor may remove the lock after thoroughly inspecting the equipment and notifying all affected employees that the lock and/or tag will be removed

166 Confined Space Confined Space Procedure The following requirements are not complete procedures for performing the listed tasks, nor are all of the tasks listed that may involve confined spaces. The complete procedures are given in MNR s Confined Space Program and Confined Space training. A copy of the procedures may be obtained by accessing MNR s Safety Intranet sit. For additional information, contact the Safety Department Definition A confined space is a space that is large enough and so configured that an employee can enter and perform assigned work, has limited or restricted means of entry or exit and is not designed for continuous human occupancy. These spaces may include pits, wells, excavations, and vaults. Confined spaces are classified as permit-required or nonpermit-required, based on the hazards associated with the space. A Permit Required Confined Space (PRCS) contains or may contain a hazardous atmosphere. It also contains the following conditions: Material with the potential to engulf an entrant Internal configuration to trap or asphyxiate an entrant with the following: o Inwardly converging walls o A floor that slopes down to a smaller cross-section o A floor that contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard An enclosed space is a working space such as a manhole, vault, tunnel, or shaft that is used for generating, operating, maintaining, and transmitting electric power. An enclosed space has limited means of entry, is designed for periodic employee

167 Confined Space General Safety Instructions entry under normal operating conditions, does not contain a hazardous atmosphere under normal conditions (but may under abnormal conditions), and is entered only by qualified electrical workers Classification Only MNR s Safety Department may reclassify a PRCS or authorize entry under alternate entry procedures. Atmospheric testing/monitoring is required prior to reclassifying a PRCS or authorizing entry under alternate procedure. A PRCS may be reclassified as a non-permit-required confined space when the following conditions are met: The space poses no actual or potential atmospheric hazards. Hazards in the space can be eliminated without entering the space. A PRCS may be entered under alternate entry procedures when the only hazard associated with the space that cannot be eliminated is atmospheric and can be controlled with a suitable method of ventilation. Ventilation must be continued until the entry is complete. Atmospheric contaminants must be maintained at concentrations less than the applicable OSHA permissible exposure limits (PELs). Eliminate all other hazards in the space before entering it. If entry into a space must be made to eliminate non-atmospheric hazards or to install ventilation components, enter with a permit and all-associated protection. If testing and inspection during entry show that all non-atmospheric hazards are eliminated and that atmospheric hazards are effectively controlled, re-enter the space under an alternate procedure

168 Confined Space Entry Requirements Do not enter a confined space unless trained and qualified. All required safety equipment must be utilized (air monitoring, ventilation system, harness, tripod, retrieval device, etc.). Entry into a confined space is defined as any part of the entrant s body that breaks the plane of any opening in the space to perform activities in that space. Note: Enclosed spaces requirements apply only to qualified electrical workers. All other entrants must follow permitrequired procedures General Guidelines Follow these general guidelines when entering a confined space: Remain clear of the area under the opening while tools or equipment are lowered into the space. Do not climb into or out of structures by stepping on pipes or equipment. Maintain reliable communications among all employees involved in the job Internal Atmosphere Test Before entering a PRCS, enclosed space, or alternate entry space: Test the internal atmosphere with a direct reading meter. o Use a meter specified by the Safety Department. o Follow manufacturer s instructions for calibration, bump check, and zeroing out of the meter. o Make tests, in this order, for the following: Oxygen deficiency or enrichment. Oxygen content should be between 19.5% and 23.5%. Flammable gases and vapors. Flammable gases should not be more than 10% of the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)

169 Confined Space General Safety Instructions Contaminate concentrations. Carbon monoxide should be less than 35 parts per million (ppm). Hydrogen sulfide should be less than 10 ppm. If an oxygen deficient atmosphere is detected or flammable gases/vapors are present, use intrinsically safe forced air ventilation equipment to maintain oxygen at safe levels and prevent a hazardous concentration of flammable gases or vapor. Follow the procedures outlined in MNR s Confined Space Program Ladders Only use approved ladders to enter and exit manholes and subsurface structures exceeding 4 feet deep. If fixed ladder is not used, ensure that the ladder extends 3 feet above the surface Use of Open Flames and Internal combustion engines If using open flames within an enclosed space: Perform a test for flammable gases and vapors immediately before using the open flame device and continuously while the device is in the space. Do not operate an internal combustion engine in a confined space (manhole, well, etc.). Keep all open flame devices at least 10 feet from manholes. Keep propane tanks, oxygen tanks, and acetylene tanks outside of the space Rescue Provide for the prompt rescue of employees from PRCS and enclosed spaces. Rescues are performed as entry or non-entry. Use available rescue equipment to provide for either type of

170 Confined Space rescue. Rescue equipment consists of a harness, lifeline, and a self-supporting extraction device. Rescue teams are specially trained and equipped to make rescues from permit spaces. Note: Never attempt to enter a confined space to perform a rescue unless all required training, qualifications, and certifications are current and documented. All equipment must be approved for rescue operations and inspected according to manufacturer s recommendations

171 Excavation and Trenching Excavation and Trenching Pre-work Activities Before performing excavation and trenching, follow these guidelines: Ensure that all requirements of OSHA (29 CFR 1926 subpart P) are followed for excavation and trenching. Prior to excavation, determine the exact location of underground utilities by contacting the MNR s Power and Communications & Signals Departments for mark outs and calling NYS code 53 ( ) for other utilities. On capital projects, ensure you follow all CM utility mark out protocols. Before you dig or drill, call the local centralized utility agency. Protect employees in excavations from moving earth by using protective systems such as sloping, benching, and shoring (timber sheeting and bracing, trench boxes). Shore, slope, and inspect excavations according to OSHA 29 CFR 1926 Subpart P. Construct systems according to OSHA standards under the supervision of a competent person (defined by OSHA 29 CFR ) who is designated prior to beginning work Inspections Inspect the excavations by using the following guidelines: Enter an excavation only after it has been inspected by a competent person and declared safe to enter. Inspect excavations daily before entry, after every rainstorm (or thaw), or after any hazard-causing occurrence. This inspection must include shoring, shielding, or other protective measures

172 Excavation and Trenching General Safety Instructions Safe Entry or Exit Provide safe entry into or exit from the excavation or trench by following these guidelines: Every excavation shall have at least one safe means for access and egress. In trench excavations 4 feet or more deep, provide at least one safe means to enter and exit by placing a stairway, ladder, or ramp in the excavation. Allow no more than 25 feet of lateral travel between means of egress. Keep access routes clear of obstructions, free from debris, and adequately lighted General Safety While excavating or trenching, follow these general safety guidelines: Keep spoil piles and other debris at least 3 feet from the excavation edge. Secure or remove loose rock and soil to prevent it from falling into the excavation. Do not go under a load being handled by loading or digging equipment. Do not enter an excavation without proper shoring/ shielding equipment in place. Do not enter an excavation while heavy machinery is in use inside the excavation or working next to the edge. Provide a warning and protective barricade around every excavation area. Have a licensed professional engineer design protection systems if the excavation encroaches on the live load influence line of the track (with a slope of 1.5 horizontal to 1 vertical from the bottom edge of the tie). Maintain a 1-foot wide shoulder from the edge of the tie to the top of the tie to maintain track stability

173 Working at Elevations Working at Elevations In general, when working at an elevated location 6 feet or more above a lower level a method of fall protection is required. These methods may be: Suitably constructed handrails or guardrails Personal fall arrest equipment used in conjunction with an appropriate anchor Note: MNR policy prohibits anyone who weighs more than 300 pounds from wearing a full body harness for fall protection. Safety nets Controlled access zones with safety monitors For work performed on scaffolds see For work performed on a railroad bridge see Employees whose duties require them to use fall protection are required to attend fall protection training provided by MNR s Training Department in accordance with 40 CFR and 29 CFR Protection for the Area Below Protecting the area and people below a work site is critical. Use the following precautions when working at elevations: If you are working on the elevated structure: o Rope off the danger zone below the structure, or use some other form of protection to keep people from entering the zone. o Prevent falling tools or materials from striking people who must walk below the structure by providing safeguards such as toe boards on scaffolds and canopies over walkways

174 Working at Elevations General Safety Instructions o Never throw or drop objects from an elevated place or toss objects up to an elevated place. Pass them up or down by securely fastening them to the hand line or placing them in a suitable container. When storing material on a low slope roof, keep material a minimum of 6 feet from the edge or erect guardrail with toe boards. If working beneath the elevated structure: o Ensure that those working above know your location. o Wear authorized head protection and do not walk or stand where tools, materials, or other objects may fall from overhead Equipment Clear of Passing Trains When working on a bridge, ladder, scaffold, trestle, or other elevated place, ensure that rope, wire, chain, tackle, and other objects are clear of passing trains Safety Devices Unless scaffolding is provided, use a method of fall protection when working at the following locations: Outside a window On a roof On a steep hillside, cliff, or embankment On bridges or other structures, when required Note: Also see precautions for working on railroad bridges in Section , Railroad Bridges Equipment Inspection Inspect and test all equipment used for elevated work according to manufacturers recommendations. Ensure that the following equipment is in good condition and adequate for the task: Scaffolding Ropes

175 Working at Elevations Blocking Cables Cribbing Personal Fall Arrest Equipment Ladders Other special equipment Note: All personal fall arrest equipment must meet or exceed ANZI Standard Z Ladders Ladder Requirements Always use ladders for their intended purpose and follow the manufacturer s ratings for capacity. Do not overload a ladder. Use these ladder requirements: Do not use ladder as a guy, brace, skid, or as the working surface of a horizontal scaffold. Do not use a trestle or an A ladder as a step or straight ladder. Tie, block or secure the base of a long ladder when being raised, or ask someone to hold the base, when necessary. Do not move, shift, or extend a ladder while it is occupied. Do not stand or work from the top two rungs of a straight or extension ladder or from the top step of a stepladder. Tie or secure a straight ladder if not equipped with spikes, shoes, or non-slip bases suitable for the surface. Do not drop or jar ladders unnecessarily. Extend the top of a ladder at least 3½ feet above the point of support when using a ladder to access a roof eave, gutter, or roofline. Do not paint portable wooden ladders. Use a preservative shellac, varnish, or linseed oil. Do not use a metal ladder or ladder with vertical metal reinforcing when working near power lines or energized equipment

176 Working at Elevations General Safety Instructions Lock, block, or have another employee guard the door when placing the ladder within the swing of a door. Use two persons to carry a ladder longer than twelve feet. Note: When working on a ladder, remain at least 10 feet from energized lines and equipment unless qualified to be closer. Note: If the ladder is placed in an area where it may become dislodged by traffic, install a suitable barricade to prevent the base from being struck Ladder Inspection Always inspect a ladder before using it following these precautions: Use ladders in good condition, equipped with safety feet, and properly set. Do not use ladders with the following problems: o Broken or missing steps, rungs, or cleats o Broken side rails o Other faults, such as split or bent rails or rungs If the ladder is defective, do the following: o Take it out of service immediately. o Tag it for destruction or repair. o Notify your supervisor. Do not return a ladder to service unless the ladder repairs restore the ladder to a condition meeting the original criteria Straight Ladders Use the following procedure to secure a straight ladder: Ensure that the distance from the base of the ladder to the supporting structure is at least ¼ the working height of the ladder. See Figure

177 Working at Elevations 8 Feet 2 Feet Figure Safe Angle for Straight Ladder. Tie the ladder or have someone hold it if you cannot place the ladder at a safe angle. Place the footing on a firm level surface (not a soft or slippery one). Do not place the ladder on a box, barrel, block, or other insecure object to make it taller. Caution: Do not always rely on the ladder's non-skid feet. Extend the side rails at least 3½ feet above the top landing. Leave ample overlap between extended lengths of ladder sections as follows: Length of Ladder Section Up to and including 36 feet Over 36 feet up to and including 48 feet Over 48 feet but less than 60 feet Minimum Overlap 3 feet 4 feet 5 feet

178 Working at Elevations General Safety Instructions Tie or have someone hold the ladder if it may shift or is located on a roof or high place Ladder Climbing Follow these precautions when climbing up or down a ladder: Face the ladder while climbing. Use both hands. Have a firm grip on the side rails and safe foot holds. Do not carry tools or materials that prevent a secure hand hold or interfere with safe movement up or down the ladder. Inspect hooks on an extension ladder before climbing past them. Check for obstructions or tight spots along route before climbing the ladder. If necessary, reposition ladder. Do not reach out more than one arm length from the sides of the ladder (while on the ladder) Stepladder Use Follow these precautions before mounting a stepladder: Inspect the stepladder to ensure components are tight and safe to use. Open the ladder to its maximum spread. Lock the spreaders. Place all four legs on a solid foundation Fixed Ladders One of the following methods of fall protection is required on all fixed ladders where the top of the ladder is over 24 feet above lower levels: Ladder cage or well Ladder safety device

179 Working at Elevations Retractable lifeline Unattended Ladders When leaving ladders unattended, especially outdoors, securely lash or tie them in position Ladder Storage Follow these precautions when storing ladders: Store ladders in a dry place. Keep them free of the following: o Mud and grease o Exposure to elements such as excessive heat or dampness Place ladders so they are easy to access and inspect. Avoid storing ladders where they may cause an accident or injury when retrieved Scaffolds When working on a scaffold 10 or more feet above a lower level, fall protection is required. Possible fall protection methods include: Guardrails capable of supporting 200 pounds of force in the outward and downward direction, with the top rail 39 to 45 inches above the working surface. Personal fall protection equipment Safety nets All workers must wear personal fall arrest equipment and be secured to a lifeline independent of the scaffold support when working on a suspended scaffold. The employee in charge of building scaffolds is responsible for their safe condition and maintenance

180 Working at Elevations General Safety Instructions Erecting Scaffolds Erect sectional material scaffolds according to the manufacturer s instructions and these guidelines: Follow the manufacturer's rating for capacity. Do not overload. If a scaffold is to be constructed, it must be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and 4 times the anticipated load. If necessary, adequately brace and guy a scaffold. Ground supported scaffolds must not exceed a height of 4 times its narrowest base measurement without being secured by guying, bracing, or being secured to an adequate structure. Scaffolds over 50 feet high must be designed and approved by a licensed professional engineer and MNR. If a scaffold is equipped with wheels, lock the wheels before working from it. If the scaffold is erected on an incline, chock the wheels as an added precaution. Caution: Do not erect a metal scaffold where it could contact energized lines or equipment. When working on a scaffold, unless qualified to be closer, remain at least 10 feet from energized lines and equipment Movement Prevention Do not move or shift scaffolds while occupied. Before repositioning scaffold, remove or secure all tools and materials Toe Board Use Ensure toe boards on scaffolds are present when people below are exposed to falling objects, such as tools. Toe boards must be at least 3½ inches in height from the top edge to floor level, and withstand a force of 50 pounds (222 N) applied in any direction. Drainage clearance under toe boards is permitted Reliable Scaffold Material Use scaffolds that are well built with reliable material certified for scaffold use and adhere to the following guidelines:

181 Working at Elevations Ensure that metal hooks are strong, well made, and hung properly to withstand twisting and bending. Do not use wooden anchors nailed to the overhead structure and to the scaffold board supports. Do not use scaffolds or platforms made of loose boards or without end stops Scaffold Plank Positioning When positioning scaffold planks do the following: Extend the planks over their supports at least 6 inches, but no more than 18 inches. Lay planks with edges close together so that tools or material cannot fall through Railroad Bridges When working on a bridge or trestle not equipped with a walkway or handrail, do not walk or work alongside moving or standing engines, cars, or other equipment, except in an emergency. Wear proper fall protection equipment when required Required Bridge Worker Fall Protection Except as provided for in section , all railroad employees and contractors are required to use a proper method of fall protection when constructing, inspecting, testing, repairing, or maintaining any of the following elements of a bridge that is 12 feet or more above a lower level including water: Track Bridge structure members Operating mechanisms Water traffic control systems Signal communications Train control systems

182 Working at Elevations General Safety Instructions Fall protection methods include: Walkways with sufficient handrails Railings capable of supporting 200 pounds of force in the outward and downward direction with the top rail 36 to 42 inches above the working surface. When using walkways and railings for fall protection, do not work: o Beyond the railings o Over the side of the bridge o On ladders or other elevated devices o Near gaps or holes large enough for a body to fall through Note: Employees may work in the areas listed above if they are on an elevated platform or tower car equipped with safety rails around the platform Personal Fall Protection Equipment Employees must wear a full body harness and be secured to a suitably strong anchor. If an engineered anchor system is used, such as a horizontal lifeline, follow the manufacturer s or designer s instructions. An improvised anchor must be capable of withstanding 5,000 pounds of force. A. Safety nets Safety nets installed for fall protection must be installed no further than 30 feet below the work surface and extend a sufficient distance beyond the work area on each side. All debris must be removed from the net as soon as possible and no later than the end of the work shift. B. Work between the Running Rails Work only between the running rails when making minor repairs or inspections. Repairs include but are not limited to:

183 Working at Elevations Routine welding Spiking Anchoring Spot surfacing Replacing joint bolts Note: Employees must wear fall protection if the body s center of gravity is beyond the running rails even though feet are inside the rail Fall Protection Not Required Railroad employees and contractors are not required to wear fall protection when working on bridges in these situations: The bridge structure is less than 12 feet above the ground or water. The installation or use of a fall protection system poses a greater risk than the work to be performed. A qualified bridge inspector is performing work under a written and approved program. A. Working over Water When working over water that is more than 4 feet deep or where the threat of drowning exists, use one of the following methods for protection against drowning: Personal fall arrest equipment with a suitably strong anchor Nets for fall arrest A life vest or buoyant work vest Caution: Ring buoys must be at least 90 feet of line at a distance of not more than 200 feet apart and have a lifesaving skiff, inflatable boat, or equivalent device immediately available. If environmental conditions, including weather, water speed, and terrain merit, the skiff or boat should be manned. Note: If the bridge is equipped with walkways and sufficient handrails and there are no openings through which a body

184 Working at Elevations General Safety Instructions can pass, protection against falling into the water is not required. B. Working in Bucket Trucks and Powered Lifts Fall protection is required when working in all bucket trucks and lifts. Adhere to the following precautionary guidelines: Ensure only qualified and authorized employees operate bucket trucks and lifts. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for the proper fall protection methods for each type of lift. Do not exceed the manufacturer's rating for the capacity of the lift. Never anchor to an external point

185 Ergonomics Ergonomics The goal of an ergonomically safe environment is to lessen strain to the musculoskeletal system. Immediately report to your supervisor any standard practices that cause discomfort, pain, or extended repetitive motion. Your supervisor will work with you to undertake an assessment considering the circumstances and conditions involved. Finding solutions to ergonomic issues is an interactive process that begins with the employee s observation, the supervisor s input, and the Safety Department s review General Ergonomic Tips Stretching Stretching can help increase flexibility/elasticity of muscles, increase circulation to warm the muscles, improve mental alertness and reduce fatigue, and decrease muscle tension and stress. Stretch throughout the shift especially before and after activities that require awkward positions or lifting. When to Stretch: o Prior to starting your day o During short breaks (at least once per hour) o After breaks or lunch to prevent fatigue o If tension or stress is apparent o After a lengthy task duration or an extended awkward posture Proper stretching techniques: o Relax and breathe normally. Do not hold your breath. o Hold each stretch for a count of 15, or as long as comfort is maintained. o Use gentle, controlled motions. Do not bounce. o Keep the knees slightly bent for better balance

186 Ergonomics General Safety Instructions o Stretch until a mild tension is felt, then relax. o Stretch by how you feel and not by how far you can go Ergonomic Tips to Minimize Awkward Postures Use mechanical lift assists and carts when available. Change the position of the work or your body position. Use proper lifting techniques when lifting. Use the correct tools for the task. Use only the amount of force necessary to complete the task Ergonomic Tips to Minimize Repetition Use power tools when available. Change tasks, stretch, or take a break from repetitive tasks. Follow job rotation policies where applicable effective job rotations work alternate muscle groups between successive job functions Ergonomic Tips to Minimize Static Loading Avoid prolonged awkward postures. Change the position of the work or your body position to get as close as possible to the work area. If prolonged awkward postures are unavoidable, use a supported posture to compensate. A supported posture uses part of your body to support the weight of another body segment that is in an awkward position Ergonomic Tips to Minimize Contact Stress Select hand tools that conform to the geometry of the hands. Avoid handles that end in the palm of the hand. Avoid kneeling on hard surfaces for prolonged periods. Use knee pads when kneeling tasks are unavoidable

187 Ergonomics Ergonomic Tips to Minimize Vibration & Torque Pad tool handles with a soft compressible surface. Use vibration damping (gel filled) gloves. Select tools (hammers and chippers) with built in damping systems (springs/hydraulics). To lessen torque reaction: o Use electric tools as opposed to air driven tools. o Use pulse tools or auto-shutoff tools Work Station Ergonomic Tips Here are some suggested work habits when using your computer: General Work Habits: o Blink! Staring at your screen may cause your eyes to get dry if you blink less than the normal rate of once every 5 seconds. Try to blink more often to keep your eyes lubricated. o Look away from the screen and focus on distant objects periodically. o Do not sit in one position at the computer for extended periods. Take stand and stretch breaks. Screen Position Tips: o Place your monitor directly in front of you. o Position the top of the screen at or slightly below eye level. o Place the screen approximately an arm's length away. o To avoid glare and eyestrain: Tilt screen slightly downward to avoid glare. Reposition the monitor so the brightest sources of light are not directly in front or in back of you. Adjust the blinds if needed. Keep the screen clean - dirt and smudges reduce legibility

188 Ergonomics General Safety Instructions Keyboard Positioning Suggestions o Place the keyboard directly in front of you. o Lay the keyboard flat or slope it down away from you. o To reduce any potential strain on your fingers, hands, and wrists, remember these tips: Strike the keys softly. Glide your hands over the keyboard. Rest your palms on a palm rest in between keystrokes, but do not fix your wrists or palms on the palm rest while keying. Keep your wrists straight and relaxed. Chair Adjustments o Place feet flat on the floor or on a footrest. o Place the lumbar roll of chair to fit the lumbar curve of your back. o Place the back of your knees a fist's width from the front edge of your chair. o Position your thighs so they are parallel to the ground

189 Glossary Adjacent Tracks Two or more tracks with track centers spaced less than 25 feet apart. Blocking Device Blocking devices prevent the use of signals, switches, appliances, or sections of track. They may be applied through the use of pins, pushbuttons, or computer keypads. Blocking devices shall not be considered effective until the appropriate confirmation on the respective modelboard or control device has verified that the blocking device is operative. Blue Signal A blue light (lit or extinguished), blue flag or blue sign, or an activated and illuminated integral blue light, displayed on a train or any piece of equipment, at hand-operated switches, or on derails. Controlled Track Track upon which all movements must be authorized by a Rail Traffic Controller or Operator. Derail A track safety device designed to guide a car off the rails at a selected spot as a means of protection against collisions or other accidents. Effective Securing Device A device, used to prevent the operation of a manually operated switch or derail, that is: Vandal resistant Tamper resistant Designed to be applied, secured, uniquely tagged, and removed only by the class, craft, or group of employees for whom the protection is being provided

190 Glossary General Safety Instructions Exclusive Use of Track A method of establishing working limits on controlled track in which movement authority is withheld or restricted by the Rail Traffic Controller or Operator, or one or more approaches to the working limits are protected by flagmen. Flagman An employee designated to direct or restrict the movement of trains at a point on a track to provide on-track protection for roadway workers. This employee may not perform any other duties. Form M The Form M is a mandatory directive issued by the RTC that contains essential information or instructions. Foul Time A method of establishing working limits on a controlled track. Notification is given to the requesting employee of the specific segment of that track during a specific time period and that required blocking devices have been placed on the control console to protect the track that will be fouled. Foul time shall remain in effect until the employee to whom the foul time was issued has reported clear of the track. Fouling a Track The location of an individual or equipment in such proximity to a track that the individual or equipment could be struck by a moving train or on-track equipment, or is within 4 feet of the field side of the near running rail. Gang See Roadway Work Group Inaccessible Track A method of establishing working limits on non-controlled track by physically preventing entry and movement of trains and equipment. -2-

191 Glossary Individual Train Detection (ITD) A procedure that may be used under strictly defined circumstances by trained and qualified lone workers to provide on-track protection on certain tracks outside working limits. Interlocking Limits The tracks between extreme opposing signals of an interlocking. Lone Worker An individual employee who is not being afforded on-track protection by another employee, is not a member of a gang, and is not engaged in a common task with another employee. Lookout A qualified Roadway Worker employee assigned to provide train approach warning to a maximum of two employees. M/W Work Extra A train that is being operated within working limits in conjunction with roadway maintenance, construction, or repairs under the direction of a designated employee in charge. Non-Controlled Track Track upon which trains are permitted by the rules or special instructions to move without receiving authorization from a Rail Traffic Controller or Operator. On Track Protection The state of freedom from the danger of being struck by a moving railroad train or other equipment, provided by operating and safety rules that govern track occupancy by personnel, trains, and on-track equipment. Operator The railroad employee in charge of a remotely controlled switch or derail, an interlocking, a controlled point, or a segment of controlled track

192 Glossary General Safety Instructions Pilot A qualified employee assigned to a train or track car when the Engineer, Conductor, or Track Car Driver is not qualified on the physical characteristics or rules of the railroad or portion of the railroad over which the movement is to be made. Qualified Employee An employee who has successfully completed all required training for, has demonstrated proficiency in, and has been authorized to perform the duties of a particular position or function. Railroad Bridge Worker An employee of, or contract employee of, a railroad responsible for the construction, inspection, or maintenance of a bridge whose assigned duties, if performed on a bridge, include inspection, testing, maintenance, repair, construction, or reconstruction of the track; bridge structural members; operating mechanisms and water traffic control systems; or signal, communication, or train control systems integral to that bridge. Restricted Speed A speed that will permit stopping within one-half the range of vision short of train, obstruction, derail, or switch improperly lined, looking out for broken rail, and not exceeding 15 MPH for the entire movement. Roadway Work Group Two or more employees working together on a common task. A gang is a roadway work group. Roadway Worker An employee, or employee of a contractor to MNR, whose duties include inspection, construction, maintenance, or repair of track, bridges, roadway, signal and communication systems, electric traction systems, roadway facilities, or roadway maintenance machinery on or near track with the potential of fouling a track, and employees responsible for on-track protection. -4-

193 Glossary Track Barricade A designated sign or obstruction fastened to a track that prevents access to that track. Track Car Specialized equipment other than trains, including highway rail vehicles, operated on-track for inspection or maintenance purposes. Track Centers The distance from the centerline of one track to the centerline of an adjacent track. Warning Tag (RW-2) Tag used to indicate that equipment is out of service and should not be operated. Watchman (Train Approach Warning) Employees assigned to warn other employees of the approach of trains, engines, or other equipment to permit the employees to safely clear the track before the train, engine, or equipment reaches the work site. Working Limits A segment of track within definite limits, established by MNR Operating Rules, upon which trains and engines may move only as authorized by the employee in charge having control of the track within the working limits