1. Harry investigated the effects of fizzy cola drink on his heart rate.

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1 1. Harry investigated the effects of fizzy cola drink on his heart rate. First he measured his heart rate every minute for 5 minutes when sitting down. Then he drank some cola. He continued to measure his heart rate at regular intervals. This is a graph of his results heart rate (beats per minute) time (minutes) (a) Why did Harry measure his heart rate every minute for 5 minutes before drinking his cola? (b) Harry says cola affects his heart rate. What evidence is there in the graph to support his idea that cola affects his heart rate?

2 (c) Harry and Yasmin came to the following conclusions. Harry Yasmin Explain why Yasmin s conclusion is better than Harry s conclusion. (d) Yasmin said, We should also measure Harry s heart rate after he drinks fizzy water. How would measuring Harry s heart rate after he drinks fizzy water improve the investigation? maximum 4 marks

3 2. Joanne measured the volume of air she breathed in and out of her lungs. She used the machine shown in the photograph below. The graphs represent the volume of air Joanne breathed in and out with each breath before and during exercise. before exercise during exercise volume of air breathed key (cm 3 ) air in air out time (seconds) time (seconds) (a) During exercise Joanne breathed more air in and out of her lungs than before exercising. (i) How much more air did Joanne breathe in with each breath during exercise?.. cm 3 (ii) Explain fully why Joanne needed to breathe in more air during exercise

4 (b) (i) As Joanne exercised, the volume of air she breathed in and out increased. Give one other way Joanne s breathing changed during exercise marks (ii) How does the graph show this other change? maximum 6 marks 3. (a) When tobacco is burned in cigarettes, carbon monoxide is formed. A device called a 'Smokerlyzer' measures the percentage of carbon monoxide in a person's breath. This indicates the percentage of carbon monoxide in the person's blood. Four people tested their breath using a 'Smokerlyzer' as shown below. They repeated the test every two hours during one day at work.

Smokerlyzer Bedfont Scientific Ltd The results are shown in the table. name percentage of carbon monoxide in the blood 9 am 11 am 1 pm 3 pm Amy 3.6 2.9 3.4 2.8 Don 1.8 1.3 1.2 1.2 Kisham 6.3 5.0 4.

5 Smokerlyzer Bedfont Scientific Ltd The results are shown in the table. name percentage of carbon monoxide in the blood 9 am 11 am 1 pm 3 pm Amy Don Kisham Pat (i) Look at the table above. Which two people are most likely to have smoked tobacco before 9 am?... and... (ii) Don says he is a non-smoker. Suggest one other way carbon monoxide could have got into Don's blood before he came to work that day (b) Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the muscles.

6 If the air we breathe in contains carbon monoxide, the red blood cells will take up carbon monoxide instead of oxygen. Use this information to explain why, when they are running, many smokers become out of breath sooner than non-smokers do. 2 marks Maximum 4 marks 4. Diagram 1 below shows the lungs and the trachea, the airway leading to the lungs. One of the lungs is drawn in section.

7 (a) In the wall of the trachea, there are pieces of a stiff material called cartilage. Why is this stiff material necessary in the wall of the trachea? (b) Diagram 2 below shows one alveolus and its blood supply. () (i) Look at diagram 2. Gas A enters the blood from the alveolus. Gas B leaves the blood and enters the alveolus. What are the names of gases A and B? gas A gas B

(ii) Give one reason why it is easy for gases to pass across the wall of an alveolus. () (c) The diagram below shows a ciliated cell from the lining of the airway.

8 (ii) Give one reason why it is easy for gases to pass across the wall of an alveolus. () (c) The diagram below shows a ciliated cell from the lining of the airway. (i) What is the function of this cell in the airway? () (ii) This cell is affected by substances in cigarette smoke. What effect does cigarette smoke have on the cilia? () (iii) Give the name of the substance, in cigarette smoke, which causes addiction to smoking. () Maximum 6 marks

9 5. (a) Air is a mixture of gases. The pie chart represents the percentages of different gases in air. On the line by each section of the pie chart, write the name of the correct gas. Two have been done for you. 0.04% carbon dioxide 1.96% water vapour and other gases 20% 78% not to scale 2 marks (b) On a cold day, droplets of water form on a cold window. Explain how these droplets form marks (c) The word equation below represents a process taking place in the cells of the human body. glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water (i) What process does this word equation represent?...

10 (ii) As a result of this process, the proportions of oxygen and carbon dioxide in air breathed in and air breathed out change. Which one of the statements below is true? Tick the correct box. Air breathed out has less carbon dioxide and more oxygen than air breathed in. Air breathed out has less carbon dioxide and less oxygen than air breathed in. Air breathed out has more carbon dioxide and less oxygen than air breathed in. Air breathed out has more carbon dioxide and more oxygen than air breathed in. maximum 6 marks 6. In the experiment shown below, metal and acid react together to make hydrogen gas. hydrogen gas test-tube flask acid water metal (a) Look at the flask. How can you tell that a gas is being produced in this experiment?

11 (b) (i) Hydrogen gas passes through the water and collects in the test-tube. What does this tell you about hydrogen? Tick the correct box. It dissolves in the water. It does not dissolve in the water. It is acidic. It is alkaline. (ii) What happens to the level of the water in the test-tube as hydrogen is produced?..... (c) Air contains the following gases: nitrogen oxygen water vapour carbon dioxide Choose from these gases to answer the questions below. (i) Which one of the four gases do we need to take into the blood in the lungs?... (ii) Which one of the four gases can produce droplets on a cold window?... Maximum 5 marks

The Breathing System

The Breathing System Learning Intentions 1. Students should Know how Breathing happens 2. Name and know the functions of the Breathing System 3. Know how the organs work and how they work with other systems