Passive ventilation of enclosures with one vent, the uniformity criterion, and validation of pressure peaking phenomenon (unignited releases)
|
|
|
- Eleanore Taylor
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 HySafe Research Priorities Workshop Washington DC, (10-11) Passive ventilation of enclosures with one vent, the uniformity criterion, and validation of pressure peaking phenomenon (unignited releases) Shentsov Volodymyr, Molkov Vladimir Hydrogen Safety Engineering and Research Centre (HySAFER)
2 Outline Natural and passive ventilation The model and the nomogram for steady state hydrogen concentration in an enclosure with one vent (sustained leak) The criterion for mixture uniformity during leak in an enclosure with one vent The model and the nomogram for leak flow rate limit leading to 100% hydrogen accumulation in an enclosure with time Validation of pressure peaking phenomenon
3 Ventilation Natural m H+air Passive ρ int ρ ext NP H m H m air m H NP h 1 h h NP h 1 h h NP Natural ventilation equations for air ventilation in buildings are derived in the assumption of equality of flow in and out of the enclosure (neutral plane is at the half of a vent height). Passive ventilation: neutral plane for lighter than air gases can be anywhere below the half of a vent height.
4 Neutral plane location m H+air NP m H m air h h h N 1 P
5 Mole fraction X: natural vs passive 3 / 1/ ' 0 ) ( = H g A C Q X D 3 / 1/ ' 0 ) ( ) ( = H g A C Q X f X D Natural ventilation: Passive ventilation: Difference: ( ) + = 3 / 3 1/ 3 1/ ) ( X X X f air H ρ ρ
6 Safety design: natural or passive? 9 8 1/ 3 H Difference: f ( X ) = 1 X 1 + ( 1 X ) ρ ρ air 1/ 3 / 3 Natural Natural ventilation equation (compared to passive): Underestimate x (lean) Overestimate x (rich)
7 Validation tests with helium (CEA) Experiments were carried out by CEA (France) in the enclosure with sizes HxWxD=1.6x0.93x0.93 m. One vent located on a wall near the ceiling. Three different vent sizes were studied: Vent (a) WxH=90x18 cm, Vent (b) 18x18 cm, Vent (c) 90x3.5 cm. Release of helium was directed upward from a tube located centrally 1 cm above the floor with internal diameter either 5 mm or 1 mm. Release rates ranges Nl/min.
8 Predictions vs experiment C max Natural ventilation with tuned C D =0.5 - dashed lines. Passive ventilation equation with C D =0.60 solid lines.
9 Experiments Vent (a): HxW=18x90 cm; Vent (b):18x18 cm; Vent (c): 3.5x90 cm;
10 The criterion of uniformity UC = V / 3 A H D m& ent ( x) m& mix m& ent mix 1/ 0 ( x) = K M ρ 1 = m& H m & + m& air 1/ mix x
11 Nomogram (concentration C max ) 13.7 % W=1 m Hydrogen concentration, % by volume W=1 m W=1 m 4% % Mass flow rate of hydrogen, kg/s Q=1g/s Width: m m m m 0.01 m 0.03 m 0.05 m 0.1 m 0.3 m 0.5 m 1.0 m.0 m 3.0 m 5.0 m 10 m H=0.5 m H=1.8 m H=4 m 0.5 m 1.0 m.0 m 3.0 m 5.0 m 10 m Height: m m m m 0.01 m 0.03 m 0.05 m 0.1 m 0.3 m Calculation example: 1.Release rate (1 g/s).vent Height (0.5 m) 3.Vent width (1 m) 4.Function curve 5.Concentration (13.7%)
12 Release limit (100% H accumulation) Depending on the release rate and vent size there can be 100% of hydrogen accumulation in the enclosure. ρ int ρ ext m H H NP m& H gρ ( ρ 9 ρ 8 int ext int = A H ) h 1 h h NP Equation gives the lower limit of release flow rate that leads to 100% of hydrogen accumulation in enclosure. (This limit has to be exceeded to have the pressure peaking phenomenon see in following slides)
13 Nomogram: 100% accumulation Example of use: sustained release of hydrogen 3 g/s in enclosure with a vent of W=0.3 m and H=0.07 m will lead to 100% 10 accumulation No dependence on enclosure volume (only accumulation time will depend). Mass flow rate, (kg/s) Reproduces previous nomogram at C max =100% g/s Height, (m) Width: 3.0 m.0 m 1.0 m 0.3 m 0.1 m 0.03 m 0.01 m m m
14 Pressure peaking phenomena Small garage LxWxH=4.5x.6x.6 m ( brick vent). Mass flow rate 390 g/s (350 bar, 5.08 mm orifice). Pressure limit for civil structures H only! Solution: decrease PRD orifice size (and at the same time increase fire resistance of onboard storage) = + γ γ γ ρ γ γ encl S encl S encl S vent P P P P P CA V &
15 Pressure peaking phenomena Small garage LxWxH=4.5x.6x.6 m ( brick vent). Mass flow rate 390 g/s (350 bar, 5.08 mm orifice).
16 Pressure peaking: validation Formula for the pressure peaking calculation had been validated against experimental result obtained by KIT for the steady state release Experiment, Helium release g/s, Vent 1cm Calculation, Helium release g/s, Vent 1cm, CD=0.85 Overpressure, kpa Overpressure, kpa Air,.8 g/s Experiment, Air release.8 g/s, Vent 1cm Calculation, Air release.8 g/s, Vent 1cm, CD= Time, s Time, s Due to 1 higher pressure the experimental Hydrogen, 0.56 g/s Overpressure, kpa Overpressure, kpa Helium, g/s enclosure starts to breathe resulting in 10 additional opening Hydrogen, 1 g/s Experiment, Hydrogen release 0.56 g/s, Vent 1cm Calculation, Hydrogen release 0.56 g/s, Vent 1cm, CD= Time, s 0 Experiment, Hydrogen release 1 g/s, Vent 1cm Calculation, Hydrogen release 1 g/s, Vent 1cm, CD= Time, s
17 Conclusions The analytical model for uniform concentration in an enclosure with one passive vent for sustained leak is developed, validated, and used to build engineering nomograms. The criterion for mixture uniformity in a vented enclosure is suggested. The nomogram to calculate the mass flow rate limit leading to 100% gas concentration in the enclosure as a function of the vent width and height is developed (flow rate should be above this limit to apply the pressure peaking phenomenon calculations). Experiments with release of air, helium and hydrogen performed by KIT proved the existence of pressure peaking phenomena (PPP). It can be concluded that the PPP is essential part of hydrogen safety engineering (HSE) for all indoor use of HFC systems. It is recommended that value CD=0.6 is accepted for HSE as a conservative one.
18 Acknowledgements: EPSRC SUPERGEN HFC HUB ( FCH JU HyIndoor project ( MSc in Hydrogen Safety Engineering (distance learning course): Fundamentals of Hydrogen Safety Engineering (free download ebook, 01)
Experimental Characterization and Modeling of Helium Dispersion in a ¼-Scale Two-Car Residential Garage
Experimental Characterization and Modeling of Helium Dispersion in a ¼-Scale Two-Car Residential Garage William M. Pitts, Jiann C. Yang, Kuldeep Prasad, and Marco Fernandez National Institute of Standards
ACCUMULATION OF HYDROGEN RELEASED INTO A VENTED ENCLOSURE - EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
ACCUMULATION OF HYDROGEN RELEASED INTO A VENTED ENCLOSURE - EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS Hooker, P. 1, Willoughby, D. 2, Hall, J. 3 and Hoyes, J. 4 1 Major Hazards Unit, HSL, Harpur Hill, Buxton, SK17 9JN, U.K,
Deborah Houssin-Agbomson, Jean-Yves Letellier, Philippe Renault, Simon Jallais
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY DEDICATED TO WIND INFLUENCE ON HELIUM BUILD-UP AND CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION INSIDE A 1-M 3 SEMI-CONFINED ENCLOSURE CONSIDERING HYDROGEN ENERGY APPLICATIONS CONDITIONS OF USE. Deborah
Hydrogen and fuel cell stationary applications: key findings of modelling and experimental work in the HYPER project
Hydrogen and fuel cell stationary applications: key findings of modelling and experimental work in the HYPER project S. Brennan (UU), A. Bengaouer (CEA), M. Carcassi (UNIPI), G. Cerchiara (UNIPI), G. Evans
Accumulation of Hydrogen Released into an Enclosure Fitted With Passive Vents Experimental Results and Simple Models
SYMPOSIUM SERIES NO 19 HAZARDS Crown Copyright Accumulation of Hydrogen Released into an Enclosure Fitted With Passive Vents Experimental Results and Simple Models Hooker, P., Hoyes, J.R., Hall, J., Health
Engineering Models for Vented Lean Hydrogen Deflagrations
Engineering Models for Vented Lean Hydrogen Deflagrations Anubhav Sinha, Vendra Chandra and Jennifer X. Wen Warwick FIRE, School of Engineering University of Warwick, UK Outline Introduction Review of
1. The principle of fluid pressure that is used in hydraulic brakes or lifts is that:
University Physics (Prof. David Flory) Chapt_15 Thursday, November 15, 2007 Page 1 Name: Date: 1. The principle of fluid pressure that is used in hydraulic brakes or lifts is that: A) pressure is the same
I.CHEM.E. SYMPOSIUM SERIES NO. 97 BUOYANCY-DRIVEN NATURAL VENTILATION OP ENCLOSED SPACES
BUOYANCY-DRIVEN NATURAL VENTILATION OP ENCLOSED SPACES M. R. Marshall* and P. L. Stewart-Darling* A simple mathematical model for the buoyancy driven ventilation of an enclosed space, using a two-pipe
Fall 2004 Homework Problem Set 9 Due Wednesday, November 24, at start of class
0.30 Fall 004 Homework Problem Set 9 Due Wednesday, November 4, at start of class Part A. Consider an iron surface which serves as a catalyst for the production of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen. The
CFD SIMULATIONS OF GAS DISPERSION IN VENTILATED ROOMS
CFD SIMULATIONS OF GAS DISPERSION IN VENTILATED ROOMS T. Gélain, C. Prévost Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Saclay, France Abstract In order to better understand the risks due
Pressure Sensor Experiment Guide
Pressure Sensor Experiment Guide Pressure Sensor Introduction: Part of the Eisco series of hand held sensors, the pressure sensor allows students to record and graph data in experiments on the go. This
Quiz name: Chapter 13 Test Review - Fluids
Name: Quiz name: Chapter 13 Test Review - Fluids Date: 1. All fluids are A gases B liquids C gasses or liquids D non-metallic E transparent 2. 1 Pa is A 1 N/m B 1 m/n C 1 kg/(m s) D 1 kg/(m s 2 ) E 1 N/m
LOW PRESSURE EFFUSION OF GASES revised by Igor Bolotin 03/05/12
LOW PRESSURE EFFUSION OF GASES revised by Igor Bolotin 03/05/ This experiment will introduce you to the kinetic properties of low-pressure gases. You will make observations on the rates with which selected
Experimental Verification of Integrated Pressure Suppression Systems in Fusion Reactors at In-Vessel Loss-of -Coolant Events
Experimental Verification of Integrated Pressure Suppression Systems in Fusion Reactors at In-Vessel Loss-of -Coolant Events K. Takase 1), H. Akimoto 1) 1) Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI),
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON HYDROGEN EXPLOSIONS IN A FULL-SCALE HYDROGEN FILLING STATION MODEL
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON HYDROGEN EXPLOSIONS IN A FULL-SCALE HYDROGEN FILLING STATION MODEL Tanaka, T. 1, Azuma, T. 1, Evans, J.A. 2, Cronin, P.M. 2, Johnson, D.M. 2 and Cleaver, R.P. 2 1 Engineering Department,
LOW PRESSURE EFFUSION OF GASES adapted by Luke Hanley and Mike Trenary
ADH 1/7/014 LOW PRESSURE EFFUSION OF GASES adapted by Luke Hanley and Mike Trenary This experiment will introduce you to the kinetic properties of low-pressure gases. You will make observations on the
Modified Equation for Gassy Decomposition. Sima Chervin Eastman Kodak Company H. K. Fauske FAI LLC
Modified Equation for Gassy Decomposition Sima Chervin Eastman Kodak Company H. K. Fauske FAI LLC Outline Problem Statement Use of Gassy Decomposition Equation Modified Gassy Decomposition Equation (Freeboard)
Flow in a shock tube
Flow in a shock tube April 30, 05 Summary In the lab the shock Mach number as well as the Mach number downstream the moving shock are determined for different pressure ratios between the high and low pressure
You should be able to: Describe Equipment Barometer Manometer. 5.1 Pressure Read and outline 5.1 Define Barometer
A P CHEMISTRY - Unit 5: Gases Unit 5: Gases Gases are distinguished from other forms of matter, not only by their power of indefinite expansion so as to fill any vessel, however large, and by the great
HYDROGEN - METHANE MIXTURES : DISPERSION AND STRATIFICATION STUDIES
HYDROGEN - METHANE MIXTURES : DISPERSION AND STRATIFICATION STUDIES A. Marangon, M.N. Carcassi Department of Mechanical, Nuclear and Production Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Largo Lucio Lazzarino,
FIRECOMP. Modelling the thermo-mechanical behaviour of high pressure vessel in composite materials when exposed to fire conditions
FIRECOMP Modelling the thermo-mechanical behaviour of high pressure vessel in composite materials when exposed to fire conditions B. FUSTER Air Liquide www.firecomp.info Beatrice.fuster@airliquide. com
Name Date of Data Collection. Class Period Lab Days/Period Teacher. Measuring Lung Capacity
Measuring Lung Capacity Background: The amount of air that you move in and out of your lungs while breathing normally is referred to as TIDAL VOLUME. While it is possible to inhale and exhale more forcefully
Simulations of hydrogen releases from high pressure storage systems
Simulations of hydrogen releases from high pressure storage systems Benjamin Angers a, Pierre Bénard a, Ahmed Hourri a, Pascal Tessier b and Jérôme Perrin c a Institut de recherche sur l hydrogène, Université
Gases. Unit 10. How do gases behave?
Gases Unit 10 How do gases behave? Gases are perhaps the most mysterious of all of the phases of matter. For the most part gases are invisible to us, and it was once believed that in the air there is no
The University of Hong Kong Department of Physics Experimental Physics Laboratory
The University of Hong Kong Department of Physics Experimental Physics Laboratory PHYS2260 Heat and Waves 2260-1 LABORATORY MANUAL Experiment 1: Adiabatic Gas Law Part A. Ideal Gas Law Equipment Required:
SUMMARY OF THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF COLD HELIUM PROPAGATION ALONG A SCALE MODEL OF THE LHC TUNNEL
EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH European Laboratory for Particle Physics Large Hadron Collider Project LHC Project Report 684 SUMMARY OF THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF COLD HELIUM PROPAGATION ALONG
Name Hour. The Behavior of Gases. Practice B
Name Hour The Behavior of Gases Practice B B 1 Objective 1: Apply Boyle s Law, Charles s Law, and Gay-Lussac s Law to solve problems involving pressure and volume and temperature. 1. A high-altitude balloon
CHAPTER 31 IDEAL GAS LAWS
CHAPTER 31 IDEAL GAS LAWS EXERCISE 144, Page 317 1. The pressure of a mass of gas is increased from 150 kpa to 750 kpa at constant temperature. Determine the final volume of the gas, if its initial volume
SIMULATIONS OF HYDROGEN RELEASES FROM A STORAGE TANKS: DISPERSION AND CONSEQUENCES OF IGNITION
SIMULATIONS OF HYDROGEN RELEASES FROM A STORAGE TANKS: DISPERSION AND CONSEQUENCES OF IGNITION Angers, B. 1, Hourri, A. 1, Bénard, P. 1, Tessier, P. 2 and Perrin, J. 3 1 Hydrogen Research Institute, Université
Session on applications: HRS - refuelling. P. Moretto
Session on applications: HRS - refuelling P. Moretto pietro.moretto@ec.europa.eu HySafe Research Priorities Workshop, Washington, 11-12/12/2014 On-board compressed hydrogen: safety aspects P. Moretto,
Section 8: Gases. The following maps the videos in this section to the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Science TAC (c).
Section 8: Gases The following maps the videos in this section to the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Science TAC 112.35(c). 8.01 Simple Gas Laws Chemistry (9)(A) 8.02 Ideal Gas Law Chemistry
Guidance on room integrity testing and its interpretation
Guidance Note Guidance on room integrity testing and its interpretation Guidance on room integrity testing and its interpretation 1. SCOPE... 6 2. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND... 6 2.1. DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRITY
Pressure is defined as force per unit area. Any fluid can exert a force
Physics Notes Chapter 9 Fluid Mechanics Fluids Fluids are materials that flow, which include both liquids and gases. Liquids have a definite volume but gases do not. In our analysis of fluids it is necessary
Novel Approaches to Venting
Novel Approaches to Venting Stefan Ledin Health & Safety Executive/Health & Safety Laboratory Presented at the Second Technical Summer School on Hydrogen and Fuel Cells on 2013-09-27 Content Introduction
1. All fluids are: A. gases B. liquids C. gases or liquids D. non-metallic E. transparent ans: C
Chapter 14: FLUIDS 1 All fluids are: A gases B liquids C gases or liquids D non-metallic E transparent 2 Gases may be distinguished from other forms of matter by their: A lack of color B small atomic weights
H 2. Sensor Series Take no risk! Install a Hydrogen Sensor in your Gaschromatograph
Sensor Series 9000 Take no risk! Install a Hydrogen Sensor in your Gaschromatograph Carrier Gases for GC Probably more than 90% of the present GC instruments run with helium as carrier gas. Some people
Fluids, Pressure and buoyancy
Fluids, Pressure and buoyancy Announcements: CAPA due Friday at 10pm. Comment on the hint in Problem 5. CAPA solutions from previous sets can be found by logging onto CAPA and selecting View Previous Set
Unit 2 Kinetic Theory, Heat, and Thermodynamics: 2.A.1 Problems Temperature and Heat Sections of your book.
Unit 2 Kinetic Theory, Heat, and Thermodynamics: 2.A.1 Problems Temperature and Heat Sections 10.1 10.2 of your book. Convert the following to Celsius and Kelvin temperatures: 1. 80.0 o F Early E. C.:
Accurate Measurement of Steam Flow Properties
Accurate Measurement of Steam Flow Properties Kewen Li and Roland N. Horne Stanford Geothermal Program, Stanford University (Proceedings of 1999 GRC Annual Meeting on October 17-20, Reno, California, USA)
Chapter 10 Gases. Characteristics of Gases. Pressure. The Gas Laws. The Ideal-Gas Equation. Applications of the Ideal-Gas Equation
Characteristics of Gases Chapter 10 Gases Pressure The Gas Laws The Ideal-Gas Equation Applications of the Ideal-Gas Equation Gas mixtures and partial pressures Kinetic-Molecular Theory Real Gases: Deviations
The Behavior of gases. Section 14.1: Properties of Gases
The Behavior of gases Section 14.1: Properties of Gases Why do soccer balls explode if you over pump them? What is meant by the term compressibility? Compressibility is a measure of how much the volume
Clean Agent Enclosure Design for ISO & AS4212
Clean Agent Enclosure Design for ISO 14520 & AS4212 rev-2013-03-05 The Clean Agent Discharge Clean agent fire suppression systems are required in enclosures where a sprinkler system would cause damage
MEASUREMENTS OF EFFECTIVE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT OF HELIUM AND HYDROGEN THROUGH GYPSUM
MEASUREMENTS OF EFFECTIVE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT OF HELIUM AND HYDROGEN THROUGH GYPSUM Yang, J.C. 1, Pitts, W.M. 2, Fernandez, M. 3, and Prasad, K. 4 1 Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards
Improving the Effectiveness of LEV A HSL perspective
Improving the Effectiveness of LEV A HSL perspective C J Saunders Health and Safety Laboratory Crown copyright 2013 www.hsl.gov.uk www.hsl.gov.uk An An Agency Agency of the of Health the Health and Safety
APPLICATION OF COCOSYS CODE FOR INVESTIGATION OF GAS MIXING IN MISTRA TEST FACILITY
HEFAT2012 9 th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics 16 18 July 2012 Malta APPLICATION OF COCOSYS CODE FOR INVESTIGATION OF GAS MIXING IN MISTRA TEST FACILITY S.
Sign up to receive ATOTW weekly -
THE PHYSICS OF FLOW ANAESTHESIA TUTORIAL OF THE WEEK 84 9TH APRIL 2008 Paul Clements, SpR in Anaesthetics, Hope Hospital, Salford, UK. Carl Gwinnutt, Consultant Anaesthetist, Hope Hospital, Salford, UK.
Friction properties of the face of a hand-held tennis racket
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Engineering 34 (2012 ) 544 549 9 th Conference of the International Sports Engineering Association (ISEA) Friction properties of the face of a hand-held
The Determination of the Value for Molar Volume
Name AP Chemistry The Determination of the Value for Molar Volume Objective Using a chemical reaction that produces a gas, measure the appropriate values to allow a determination of the value for molar
Analysis and Comparison of Calculation Methods for Physical Explosions of Compressed Gases
133 A publication of VOL. 32, 13 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS Chief Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright 13, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-9568-23-5; ISSN 1974-9791 The Italian Association
Kinetic Molecular Theory imaginary Assumptions of Kinetic Molecular Theory: Problems with KMT:
AP Chemistry Ms. Ye Name Date Block Kinetic Molecular Theory Explains properties of gases, liquids, and solids in terms of energy using an ideal gas, an imaginary which fits all the assumptions of kinetic
LARGE-SCALE EVALUATION OF VENT-SIZING METHODOLOGY FOR VAPOUR-PRESSURE SYSTEMS
LARGE-SCALE EVALUATION OF VENT-SIZING METHODOLOGY FOR VAPOUR-PRESSURE SYSTEMS T J Snee 1,2, J Bosch Pagans 1, L Cusco 1, F Gallice 1,3, C Hoff 1,3, D C Kerr 1, A Rovetta 1,3 and M Royle 1 1 Health and
A COMPARISON STUDY INTO LOW LEAK RATE BUOYANT GAS DISPERSION IN A SMALL FUEL CELL ENCLOSURE USING PLAIN AND LOUVRE VENT PASSIVE VENTILATION SCHEMES
A COMPARISON STUDY INTO LOW LEAK RATE BUOYANT GAS DISPERSION IN A SMALL FUEL CELL ENCLOSURE USING PLAIN AND LOUVRE VENT PASSIVE VENTILATION SCHEMES Ghatauray, T.S. 1, Ingram, J.M. 1 and Holborn, P.G. 1
Study on Intensity of Blast Wave Generated from Vessel Bursting by Gas Explosion
5 th ICDERS August 7, 15 Leeds, UK Study on Intensity of Blast Wave Generated from Vessel Bursting by Gas Explosion Matsunaga, T., Mogi, T., Dobashi, R. Graduated School of Engineering, The University
HYDROGEN JET FIRES IN A PASSIVELY VENTILATED ENCLOSURE
HYDROGEN JET FIRES IN A PASSIVELY VENTILATED ENCLOSURE Hooker, P. 1, Hall, J. 2, Hoyes, J.R. 3, Newton, A. 4 and Willoughby, D. 5 1 Major Hazards Unit, HSL, Harpur Hill, Buxton, SK17 9JN, U.K., philip.hooker@hsl.gsi.gov.uk
Calculation of Predicted Environmental Concentrations in Soil -
Calculation of Predicted Environmental Concentrations in Soil - soil Calculation of Predicted Environmental Concentrations in Soil General assumptions: Uniform distribution of the AS in the upper soil
Kinetic-Molecular Theory
GASES Chapter Eleven Kinetic-Molecular Theory! Recall that our only previous description of gases stated that gases completely fill and take the shape of their containers.! The Kinetic-Molecular Theory
The Influence Of Vessel Volume And Equivalence Ratio In Vented Gas Explosions
The Influence Of Vessel Volume And Equivalence Ratio In Vented Gas Explosions Kasmani, R.M. 1,*, Andrews, G.E. 2 and Phylaktou, H.N. 2 1 Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti
CHEMISTRY - CLUTCH CH.5 - GASES.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: UNITS OF PRESSURE Pressure is defined as the force exerted per unit of surface area. Pressure = Force Area The SI unit for Pressure is the, which has the units of. The SI
CFD Based Approach for VCE Risk Assessment
CFD Based Approach for VCE Risk Assessment 2009 MKOPSC International Symposium Anna Qiao, Steven Zhang, Asmund Huser DNV Energy Objective Determine the maximum design load at a specified frequency Provide
Experimental Study of Hydrogen Release Accidents in a Vehicle Garage
Experimental Study of Hydrogen Release Accidents in a Vehicle Garage Erik Merilo Mark Groethe James Colton Seiki Chiba Poulter Laboratory SRI International 3rd International Conference on Hydrogen Safety
MODELING&SIMULATION EXTRAPOLATED INTERNAL ARC TEST RESULTS: A COUPLED FLUID-STRUCTURAL TRANSIENT METHODOLOGY
MODELING&SIMULATION EXTRAPOLATED INTERNAL ARC TEST RESULTS: A COUPLED FLUID-STRUCTURAL TRANSIENT METHODOLOGY Jérôme DOUCHIN Schneider Electric France Jerome.douchin@schneider-electric.com Ezequiel Salas
CHEM 3351 Physical Chemistry I, Fall 2017
CHEM 3351 Physical Chemistry I, Fall 2017 Problem set 1 Due 9/15/2017 (Friday) 1. An automobile tire was inflated to a pressure of 24 lb in -2 (1.00 atm = 14.7 lb in -2 ) on a winter s day when the temperature
Boyle s Law Practice Problems Name:
Boyle s Law Practice Problems Name: 1. If a gas at 25.0 C occupies 3.60 L at a pressure of 1.00 atm, what will be its volume at a pressure of 2.50 atm? 2. 500.0 ml of a gas is collected at 745.0 mm Hg.
The new PTB standard for dynamic vacuum pressures
The new PTB standard for dynamic vacuum pressures Karl Jousten, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany 1. Idea and design of the standard 2. Development 3. Pressure approximation and experiments
Making Measurements Leaks
Check the seal around leaves and stems When the gaskets are compressed around thicker leaves and stems, small gaps will be created. At high flow rates, this may not be a problem, but at lower rates, be
UNIT 4 IB MATERIAL PARTICLE BEHAVIOR OF MATTER PHASES & ATTRACTIONS
UNIT 4 IB MATERIAL Name: PARTICLE BEHAVIOR OF MATTER PHASES & ATTRACTIONS ESSENTIALS: Know, Understand, and Be Able To Apply Avogadro s law to calculate reacting volumes of gases. Apply the concept of
Micro Channel Recuperator for a Reverse Brayton Cycle Cryocooler
Micro Channel Recuperator for a Reverse Brayton Cycle Cryocooler C. Becnel, J. Lagrone, and K. Kelly Mezzo Technologies Baton Rouge, LA USA 70806 ABSTRACT The Missile Defense Agency has supported a research
S.A. Klein and G.F. Nellis Cambridge University Press, 2011
16-1 A flow nozzle is to be used to determine the mass flow rate of air through a 1.5 inch internal diameter pipe. The air in the line upstream of the meters is at 70 F and 95 psig. The barometric pressure
Internal Explosion Methodologies
2006 Baker Engineering and Risk Consultants, Inc. Internal Explosion Methodologies Presented October 18, 2006 A.J. Pierorazio, P.Eng. J.K. Thomas, Ph.D. M. Kolbe M.L. Goodrich BAKER ENGINEERING ANDRISKCONSULTANTS
Characteristics of Confined Blast Loading in Unvented Structures
International Journal of Protective Structures Volume 2 Number 1 2011 21 Characteristics of Confined Blast Loading in Unvented Structures Yi Hu, Chengqing Wu*, Matthew Lukaszewicz, Jonathan Dragos, Jiajing
Ch. 14 The Behavior of Gases
Ch. 14 The Behavior of Gases 14.1 PROPERTIES OF GASES Compressibility Compressibility: a measure of how much the volume of matter decreases under pressure Gases are easily compressed because of the spaces
The Discussion of this exercise covers the following points:
Exercise 3-2 Orifice Plates EXERCISE OBJECTIVE In this exercise, you will study how differential pressure flowmeters operate. You will describe the relationship between the flow rate and the pressure drop
Fluid Mechanics. Liquids and gases have the ability to flow They are called fluids There are a variety of LAWS that fluids obey
Fluid Mechanics Fluid Mechanics Liquids and gases have the ability to flow They are called fluids There are a variety of LAWS that fluids obey Density Regardless of form (solid, liquid, gas) we can define
Example: Calculate the density of methane at 50 psig and 32 ⁰F. H.W. In previous example calculate the density of methane in gm/m 3.
Gas density Because the density of a substance is defined as mass per unit volume, the density of gas (ρ g ), at given temperature and pressure can be derived as follows: If P in psia, T in ⁰R and R =
Chapter 5: Gases 5.1 Pressure Why study gases? An understanding of real world phenomena. An understanding of how science works.
Chapter 5: Gases 5.1 Pressure Why study gases? An understanding of real world phenomena. An understanding of how science works. A Gas Uniformly fills any container. Easily compressed. Mixes completely
CASE STUDY FOR USE WITH SECTION B
GCE A level 135/01-B PHYSICS ASSESSMENT UNIT PH5 A.M. THURSDAY, 0 June 013 CASE STUDY FOR USE WITH SECTION B Examination copy To be given out at the start of the examination. The pre-release copy must
Chemistry Chapter 11 Test Review
Chemistry Chapter 11 Test Review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Pressure is the force per unit a. volume. c. length. b. surface area.
Middle East Technical University Department of Mechanical Engineering ME 305 Fluid Mechanics I Fall 2018 Section 4 (Dr.
Middle East Technical University Department of Mechanical Engineering ME 305 Fluid Mechanics I Fall 2018 Section 4 (Dr. Sert) Study Set 3 Reading Assignments You can find the answers of some of the following
Visual Observation of Nucleate Boiling and Sliding Phenomena of Boiling Bubbles on a Horizontal Tube Heater
Proceedings of the 2 nd World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering (MCM'16) Budapest, Hungary August 22 23, 216 Paper No. HTFF 146 DOI:.11159/htff16.146 Visual Observation of Nucleate
GAS MIXTURES. Department of Mechanical Engineering
Chapter 13 GAS MIXTURES Dr Ali Jawarneh Department of Mechanical Engineering Hashemite University it 2 Objectives Develop rules for determining nonreacting gas mixture properties from knowledge of mixture
New Findings for the Application of Systems for Explosion- Isolation with Explosion Venting
529 A publication of CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 48, 2016 Guest Editors: Eddy de Rademaeker, Peter Schmelzer Copyright 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-39-6; ISSN 2283-9216 The
States of Matter. Q 7. Calculate the average of kinetic energy, in joules of the molecules in 8.0 g of methane at 27 o C. (IIT JEE Marks)
Q 1. States of Matter Calculate density of NH 3 at 30 o C and 5 atm pressure Q 2. (IIT JEE 1978 3 Marks) 3.7 g of a gas at 25 o C occupied the same volume as 0.184g of hydrogen at 17 o C and at the same
2. Convert these pressures to atm: 1 atm! Or to mm Hg, 760 mm Hg! 760 mm Hg! 1 atm. 800 mm Hg 380 mm Hg 0.75 atm 0.25 atm
Chemistry L 3, Gas laws: Chapter 12: Name! Page 1 pg. 326-355 and Notes: Keep your Forces handout. We will not use kilopascals for pressure on worksheets or tests. Show your work on all worksheets!! Temperature
The water supply for a hydroelectric plant is a reservoir with a large surface area. An outlet pipe takes the water to a turbine.
Fluids 1a. [1 mark] The water supply for a hydroelectric plant is a reservoir with a large surface area. An outlet pipe takes the water to a turbine. State the difference in terms of the velocity of the
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY, PHYSICS AND PATHOLOGY IN RELATION TO ANAESTHESIA AND INTENSIVE CARE
Course n : Course 3 Title: RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY, PHYSICS AND PATHOLOGY IN RELATION TO ANAESTHESIA AND INTENSIVE CARE Sub-category: Intensive Care for Respiratory Distress Topic: Pulmonary Function and
A METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE CONSEQUENCES OF SMALL LEAKS IN ENCLOSURES
A METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE CONSEQUENCES OF SMALL LEAKS IN ENCLOSURES R.P Cleaver and P.S. Cumber Advantica Technologies Ltd, Ashby Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3GR Crown Copyright 2001. Reproduced
Boyle s Law Practice
Boyle s Law Practice Boyle s Law is an indirect relationship. Most of these problems can be done in your head without showing your work. 1. Herman has 30.0 L of helium gas trapped in a cylinder by a piston.
PHYS 101 Previous Exam Problems
PHYS 101 Previous Exam Problems CHAPTER 14 Fluids Fluids at rest pressure vs. depth Pascal s principle Archimedes s principle Buoynat forces Fluids in motion: Continuity & Bernoulli equations 1. How deep
Homework of chapter (3)
The Islamic University of Gaza, Civil Engineering Department, Fluid mechanics-discussion, Instructor: Dr. Khalil M. Al Astal T.A: Eng. Hasan Almassri T.A: Eng. Mahmoud AlQazzaz First semester, 2013. Homework
Aerodynamic Analysis of a Symmetric Aerofoil
214 IJEDR Volume 2, Issue 4 ISSN: 2321-9939 Aerodynamic Analysis of a Symmetric Aerofoil Narayan U Rathod Department of Mechanical Engineering, BMS college of Engineering, Bangalore, India Abstract - The
First Experimental Data of the Cryogenic Safety Test Facility PICARD
First Experimental Data of the Cryogenic Safety Test Facility PICARD C. Heidt, A. Henriques, M. Stamm and S. Grohmann 26 th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference 2016 in New Delhi, India KIT,
kpa := 1000 Pa p atm := 101 kpa := i is inside o is outside effects are small. R gas := M gas 1000 mol
Homework Problem 1 Tall buildings can develop a significant difference in pressure between the inside and the outside of the build lock entrances are used at the ground level so the pressure at the ground
Gas Pressure. Pressure is the force exerted per unit area by gas molecules as they strike the surfaces around them.
Chapter 5 Gases Gas Gases are composed of particles that are moving around very fast in their container(s). These particles moves in straight lines until they collides with either the container wall or
Chapter 10 Fluids. Which has a greater density? Ch 10: Problem 5. Ch 10: Problem Phases of Matter Density and Specific Gravity
Chapter 10 Fluids 10-1 Phases of Matter The three common phases of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. A solid has a definite shape and size. A liquid has a fixed volume but can be any shape. A gas can
Gas Law Worksheets - WS: Boyle s and Charles Law
Gas Law Worksheets - WS: Boyle s and Charles Law Boyle s Law states that the volume of a gas varies inversely with its pressure if temperature is held constant. (If one goes up the, other goes down.) We
PERMISSIBLE CHARGE/FILLING CONDITIONS FOR ACETYLENE CYLINDERS, BUNDLES, & BATTERY VEHICLES
PERMISSIBLE CHARGE/FILLING CONDITIONS FOR ACETYLENE CYLINDERS, BUNDLES, & BATTERY VEHICLES AIGA 037/16 (Revision of AIGA 037/06) Asia Industrial Gases Association 3 HarbourFront Place, #09-04 HarbourFront
Kinetic Molecular Theory
Kinetic Molecular Theory Name Period Unit 7 HW 1 Worksheet (Goals 1 & 2) 1. Describe how gases, liquids, and solids compare using the following table. Volume (definite or indefinite) Molecular Motion (high,
Hydrostatic pressure Consider a tank of fluid which contains a very thin plate of (neutrally buoyant) material with area A. This situation is shown in Figure below. If the plate is in equilibrium (it does
Aerodynamic Analyses of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine By Different Blade Airfoil Using Computer Program
ISSN : 2250-3021 Aerodynamic Analyses of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine By Different Blade Airfoil Using Computer Program ARVIND SINGH RATHORE 1, SIRAJ AHMED 2 1 (Department of Mechanical Engineering Maulana
Completed ALL 2 Warm-up IC Kinetic Molecular Theory Notes. Kinetic Molecular Theory and Pressure Worksheet
Name: Unit 10- Gas Laws Day Page # Description IC/HW Due Date Completed ALL 2 Warm-up IC 1 3 5 Kinetic Molecular Theory Notes IC 1 6 8 Kinetic Molecular Theory and Pressure Worksheet IC 2 9 10 Gas Law