CPM Enhancement for Airbag and Extended Features. Outline
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1 CPM Enhancement for Airbag and Extended Features 7/2015 Jason Wang Copyright 2013 by LIVERMORE SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION DEM H-Bondp. 1 Outline New Features *AIRBAG_PARTICLE_MOLEFRACTION *SENSOR_CPM_AIRBAG Initial AIR options Fabric porous leakages Vent options Pushout vent Error detection Smoothing with force decay constant Conclusions Copyright 2013 by LIVERMORE SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION DEM H-Bondp. 2 1
2 *AIRBAG_PARTICLE_MOLEFRACTION Convert input from mass ratio to volume ratio Additional card is needed to provide total mass flowrate curve LCMi is normally used as mass flowrate curve. If this option is on, LCMi will be treated as molar fraction curve. Copyright 2013 by LIVERMORE SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION DEM H-Bondp. 3 *AIRBAG_PARTICLE_MOLEFRACTION *AIRBAG_PARTICLE_ID_MOLEFRACTION E E E E E $ extra line for total mass flow rate 2 $ LCMi E E E-6 0 LCMi will be treated as molar fraction curve. Copyright 2013 by LIVERMORE SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION DEM H-Bondp. 4 2
3 *SENSOR_CPM_AIRBAG The new keyword will link *AIRBAG_PARTICLE and *SENSOR_SWITCH to activate CPM bag based by predefined signal *SENSOR_SWITCH 1000 SENSOR 200 LT E-10 *SENSOR_DEFINE_FORCE 200 CONTACT Z 0 *AIRBAG_PARTICLE_ID *SENSOR_CPM_AIRBAG $ CPMID SWITID TBIRTH TDEATH TDR FDEFPS RBPID $ Copyright 2013 by LIVERMORE SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION DEM H-Bondp. 5 *SENSOR_CPM_AIRBAG Automatically shift all time dependent curves used in *AIRBAG_PARTICLE *MAT_FABRIC used in this bag Copyright 2013 by LIVERMORE SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION DEM H-Bondp. 6 3
4 IAIR P_ATM (load seg) Initial AIR options P2F (inflator particles) 0 0 P_col 0 P_AIR On each segment 1 P_ATM P_col UP, f(vbag,tbag) (load seg) 2 P_ATM P_col NP_RELAX>0 NP_RELAX<0 P_AIR (load seg) P_col P_AIR (load seg) If activated P_col P_col : pressure from particle s impulse Load seg: pressure load applies to the segment IAIR P_ATM (load seg) IAIR=-1 and IAIR=4 P2F (inflator particles) 0 0 P_col 0 P_AIR On each segment 1 P_ATM P_col UP, f(vbag,tbag) (load seg) -1 P_ATM P_col UP, f(vbag,tbag) (load seg) Intake ambient air if P_ATM>P_bag 2 P_ATM P_col NP_RELAX>0 NP_RELAX<0 P_AIR (load seg) P_col P_AIR (load seg) If activated P_col 4 P_ATM P_col Store the ratio of Ncol_air µ = Ncol air + Ncol_infl f(µ*p_air) (load seg) P_col : pressure from particle s impulse Load seg: pressure load applies to the segment 4
5 IAIR = -1 At the beginning of the bag inflating, the bag pressure may go under ambient pressure due to jetting. When set IAIR=-1, it will allow external vents to intake outside air. The intake air is treated as part of UP air and will apply pressure to all surface of the bag. This feature does not work with chamber definition. Implemented only in development after revision IAIR = -1 External Vent IAIR=1 IAIR=-1 5
6 IAIR = -1 Vent mass IAIR=1 IAIR=-1 Intake air from ambient IAIR = 4 General problem - It is observed from several Airbag Suppliers that tight rolled curtain airbags unfold much slower than in tests. IAIR=1: The far end of the bag will be collapsed due to vacuum created by the UP air. This will make the bag very hard to deploy in this case. IAIR=2: The air particle in the rolled section interact with the inflator particles which causes the rolled section inflated too early. The rolled section becomes very sticky and deploys even slower. 6
7 IAIR = 4 By looking at one of the flat bag example, it is seen a round gas front moving forward with iair=1 and 2. Insufficient gas collision at gas front. Not enough gas particle get between layers which cannot provide positive pressure difference against p_atm. The flat region is very easy collapsed at the gas front which prevents particles getting between the tip. The bag can only open due the trailing segments get enough pressure to push the leading segments to open. This maybe the main reason of delay. Round gas front P_atm tip collapsed due to negative pressure (not enough inflator gas collision) IAIR = 4 Existing CPM features cannot handle this type of application IAIR=4 stores number of collisions from resident air and inflator particle and uses this numbers to track inflator gas front and rolled region. Inflator particle does not transfers energy to resident air particle to prevent prematurely deploying rolled region. The energy of initial air needs to be very small compared with incoming energy This feature does not support chamber definition IAIR=4 is not a replacement of IAIR=2. Implement in R7.1.2, R8.0 and development after revision
8 Chambers Chamber 8,9 5 and 4 fills to slowly compared with test. Also they show large fluctuations in pressure during filling which is most obvious in chamber 9. Copyright 2013 by LIVERMORE SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION DEM H-Bondp. 15 Instances in time (20ms) IAIR=2 IAIR=4 Copyright 2013 by LIVERMORE SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION DEM H-Bondp. 16 8
9 Instances in time (35ms) IAIR=2 IAIR=4 Copyright 2013 by LIVERMORE SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION DEM H-Bondp. 17 Instances in time (42.5ms) IAIR=2 IAIR=4 Copyright 2013 by LIVERMORE SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION DEM H-Bondp. 18 9
10 Pressure in chamber 8 and 9 (IAIR=2) Copyright 2013 by LIVERMORE SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION DEM H-Bondp. 19 Animations Copyright 2013 by LIVERMORE SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION DEM H-Bondp
11 Pressure in chamber 8 and 9 Copyright 2013 by LIVERMORE SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION DEM H-Bondp. 21 Fabric Porosity Leakage m ((1 ELA) unblk porous, c ELA) coeffa c seg mass flow rate of component c Effective non-blocked factor local density of gas component c Effective area of fabric segment coeff can be one of the following Regular Autoliv coeff FAC Anagonye and Wang coeff X 0 X v _ leak coeff Autoliv _ factorfac 1 r X 2 X coeff f ( rs ) f ( rp ), X 0 1 s FLC r p leakage velocity and area coefficient from *MAT_FABRIC v _ leak 3 r r s p FLC 11
12 Comparison of different External Vent Enhance Venting No Chamber Chambers 0 P_bag > P_atm (1,3) P_chm > P_atm (1,3) 1 P_bag > P_atm (1,2,3) P_chm > P_atm (1,2,3) 1. Mass Flow rate from Wang and Nefske equation Q = p atm p bag Q crit = 2 γ + 1 γ γ 1 Q = max (Q crit, Q) p 1 γr m 23 = C 23 A 23 Q γ 2g c R T 2 γ 1 γ 1 1 Q γ Vent s characteristic length l = A vent 2. ENH_V=1. Particles within l are moved toward vent s geometric center to get better probability function 3. IRPD=1. The radius of particles within 2*l are increased Vent 1. Multiple vents - each part is a separate vent with enhv=1 2. Vent characteristic length l = A vent 12
13 Comparison of different Internal Vent Enhance Venting No Chamber Chm Pre Chambers Part pre 0 (1) 1 (3) (1,2,3) 2 Particles move both ways Particles move one way Moving particles for ENV_H and IRPD is only applied to the high pressure side. In the case of no chamber definition, the high pressure side is determined by a special treatment. Internal vent P1 > P2 Vent Chamber #1 Chamber #2 P1 always greater than P2 This section of tube will collapse Vent based on part pressure 13
14 Other vent options 1. Directional vent (not recommended) 2. One way vent Particles on high pressure side within range of 4*l will be moved toward vent center for both 1 and Compress sealed vent A vent = max (Acurrent Aorigin, 0) 4. Push-out vent (external vent only) Particle remains active while going through vent within 2*l Push-out vent 1. Only work with external vents through *DEFINE_CPM_VENT 2. Particle remains active while going through vent within 2*l 3. Internal part slides out from this external vent will only experience the particle impact force. 4. Bag closed volume is defined by the external vent NOT considering the extruded internal parts. 5. Active particle outside the vent will not be counted in the bag status calculation. However, it can go back through the same vent and be part of the bag gas again. 6. Only available in development source after revision
15 Push-out vent Internal Parts External Vent With push-out vent option Regular external vent Push-out vent With push-out vent Without push-out vent Pressure of internal part 5 15
16 Extensive Input Error Checking Please get latest development exe. *MAT_FABRIC Error terminate if FVOPT=1,2,3,4,5,6 *CONTROL_CPM SFFDC : Scale factor of force decay constant (Default=1.0) Allowable arrange 0.01 to 100. (dev 97346) Particle impact force is gradually applied to airbag segment by a special smoothing function with the following form. F apply = 1 e dt SFFDC τ Fcurrent + F stored Where τ is the force decay constant stored in LS-DYNA. SFFDC=
17 Conclusions Please check IAIR setup Please check vent definitions, enhv, irpd, one/bidirectional vent, etc Please send us suggestion/request to document feature in better way Please send us example to show the problem. We will try to implement new feature to solve your problem Thanks Copyright 2013 by LIVERMORE SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION DEM H-Bondp
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