Arctic Environment Preservation through Grounding Avoidance
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1 Arctic Environment Preservation through Grounding Avoidance R. Glenn Wright Safe and Sustainable Shipping in a Changing ArcBc Environmment ShipArc 2015 WMU Malmö, Sweden GMATEK, Inc.
2 Arctic Environment Preservation through Grounding Avoidance Groundings are one of the most likely causes of ship casualties and causes of pollution. Topics The Arc5c Region Vessel Groundings Special Naviga5on Considera5ons in the Arc5c Enhanced Environmental Situa5onal Awareness Grounding Avoidance Strategies R. Glenn Wright Dr.- Ing. Michael Baldauf
3 The Arctic Routes Northern Sea Route Kara Gate to Bering Sea 12.5m Controlling Depth 6 of 16 Large Marine Ecosystems Northwest Passage Baffin Bay to Bering Strait 10m Controlling Depth 4 of 16 Large Marine Ecosystems Coastal NavigaBon amongst Archipelagos in Shallow Seas. 71.1% of ArcBc depths are unassessed by hydrographic survey. Arc5c Marine Transport Workshop, 2004, USARC GMATEK, Inc.
4 Vessel Groundings in the Arctic Shipping CasualBes (Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty, Safety and Shipping Review, 2014) : 7 (total) : 45 per year (average) Groundings one of most frequent of shipping casual5es Total Losses Increasing Loss Rates 5.1% Environmental Impact 3.1% Oil/Chemical Spills Container Losses Cost of Remedia5on Total Losses (Arctic vs Worldwide) 4.3% 2013
5 Special Navigation Considerations Factors that make ArcBc NavigaBon Difficult Lack of Physical Aids to Naviga5on (e.g., Buoys) Lack of Hydrographic Surveys / Inaccurate Nau5cal Charts Electronic Chart Display and Informa5on Systems (ECDIS) Communica5ons Environmental Sensing Poten5al for Terrorism
6 Special Navigation Considerations Physical Aids to Navigation (after the Winter thaw)
7 Special Navigation Considerations Lack of Hydrographic Survey / Inaccurate NauBcal Charts Uncharted FronBers GMATEK, Inc.
8 Special Navigation Considerations Lack of Hydrographic Survey / Inaccurate NauBcal Charts Uncharted FronBers ParBally Surveyed Areas GMATEK, Inc.
9 Special Navigation Considerations Lack of Hydrographic Survey / Inaccurate NauBcal Charts X Site of MSV Fennica Holing Areas that appear to be Well Surveyed GMATEK, Inc.
10 Special Navigation Considerations Electronic Chart Display and InformaBon System (ECDIS) Category of Zone of Confidence (CATZOC) Ra5ng (IHO S- 57) Assurance that ENC data meets minimum depth and posi5on accuracy Most Arc5c ENC do not have a CATZOC ra5ng. If ENC have no Soundings Data, ECDIS is Useless. ECDIS Safety Contour and Depth Alarms may be Unreliable. CommunicaBons Long Distances Favor Satellite and HF Communica5ons. Both can be unreliable in the Ar5c. GNSS Unreliability / Lack of Mari5me Safety Informa5on.
11 Special Navigation Considerations Environmental Sensing Lack of Geographic Features/Buoys for Radar Naviga5on Echo Sounder: Depth below the keel and Nowhere Else PotenBal for Terrorism Global Naviga5on Satellite System (GNSS) and Automa5c Iden5fica5on System (AIS) Denial of Service Afacks Spoofing (Taking control of a GNSS/AIS receiver)
12 A Short Summary of Your Situation while Navigating in the Arctic 1. Your GNSS may not provide you with reliable posibon informabon, 2. There are few, if any, physical features or buoys you can use to navigate using Radar, 3. Even if you know your posibon, your chart is unreliable and may even be blank, 4. You probably know the depth of the water below the keel (but even Columbus and Magellan knew that using a leaded line), and 5. Someone may purposely be trying to mislead you! a possible solubon GMATEK, Inc.
13 Enhanced Environmental Situational Awareness WMU Research: Ship- Centric, Dynamic Virtual Aids to NavigaBon This research is intended to assist and improve vessel naviga5on in uncharted and poorly charted geographic regions, and in loca5ons where physical aids to naviga5on do not exist and/or placement is not possible: The Arc5c and remote loca5ons, Tropical regions amongst coral reefs, Natural disaster and war zones
14 Enhanced Environmental Situational Awareness Advanced Technology Forward- Looking Sonar Provides Real- 5me Visualiza5on to 1,000m Forward the Bow Detects (Charted and Uncharted) Rocks, Ledges and Reefs Detects In- Water Hazards to Naviga5on Virtual electronic Aids to NavigaBon (VAtoN) Supplement exis5ng Physical AtoN Can be placed where Physical AtoN and AIS- based VAtoN Cannot Not subject to AIS- AtoN infrastructure / VHF Radio Range Limits Georeferencing Naviga5on using Bearings to Sea Bofom Topography Provides Independent Means to Verify VAtoN Placement Not Reliant upon GNSS / Not Subject to GNSS Limita5ons GMATEK, Inc.
15 Enhanced Environmental Situational Awareness Forward- Looking Sonar Visualize Bofom Topography in Real Time to 1,000 m. Detec5on of Reefs, Ledges and Hazards to Naviga5on. GMATEK, Inc.
16 Enhanced Environmental Situational Awareness VAtoN Placement on ENC/ECDIS VAtoN are placed using soundings in accordance with U.S. Aids to Navigation System. Lateral Information Non-Lateral Special Regulatory IALA-A and IALA-B Supported. VAtoN can be dynamic based on physical vessel characteristics and requirements. 2m draft 5m draft
17 11th Interna5onal Conference on Marine Naviga5on and Safety of Sea Transporta5on, TransNav 2015, Gdynia, Poland Physical Characteristics of Virtual Aids to Navigation Enhanced Environmental Situational Awareness Georeferencing to Bottom Topology Wireframe Model Depth Soundings Point Cloud New Machine-Readable Layer in ENC/ECDIS Forward-Looking Sonar and/or Hydrographic Sonar GMATEK, Inc. GROUND MARINE AIR TECHNOLOGIES
18 Grounding Avoidance Strategies M/V Clipper Adventurer Grounding on Ledge, Canada (22AUG2010) FL Sonar would have provided approximately 2 minutes warning. VAtoN placed before the ledge would have been visible on ECDIS.
19 Grounding Avoidance Strategies X M/V Exxon Valdez Grounding on Bligh Reef, USA (24MAR1989) FL Sonar would have provided approximately 3 minutes warning. VAtoN placed before the reef would have been visible on ECDIS.
20 Grounding Avoidance Strategies M/V Rena Grounding on Astrolabe Reef, NZ (4OCT2011) FL Sonar would have provided approximately 2 minutes warning. VAtoN placed before the reef would have been visible on ECDIS.
21 Grounding Avoidance Strategies M/V Costa Concordia Grounding on Scole Rocks, Italy (13JAN2012) FL Sonar would have provided approximately 2 minutes warning. VAtoN placed before the rocks would have been visible on ECDIS.
22 11th Interna5onal Conference on Marine Naviga5on and Safety of Sea Transporta5on, TransNav 2015, Gdynia, Poland Physical Characteristics of Virtual Aids to Navigation Summary / Conclusions Technology provides new opportunibes to increase maribme safety in poorly- charted fronbers of the ArcBc. Forward- looking (FL) Sonar is currently available as commercial off- the- shelf equipment ready for vessel installabon. There are currently no IMO carriage requirements for FL- Sonar, despite the advantages provided by this technology. The Polar Code should be amended to require FL- Sonar use in the ArcBc. The IMO e- NavigaBon inibabve should have a path for the integrabon of new navigabon technologies beyond ECDIS and AIS. Crowd- sourcing FL- Sonar data to nabonal hydrographic authoribes can provide IHO Order 1a/1b survey data with full bodom coverage to supplement official resources. Machine- readable ENC layer containing high resolubon survey data can provide an alternabve method to verify both physical and virtual AtoN are watching properly in real Bme. GMATEK, Inc.
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