Storm impacts on the seabed in protected and fished areas

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1 Storm impacts on the seabed in protected and fished areas Dr Emma Sheehan, Dani Bridger, Sophie Cousens, Sarah Nancollas, Luke Holmes, Prof Martin Richard Austin Pig Shed Trust SWIFA & SWFPO

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5 Impacts to the seabed - Port Wrinkle and Wembury banks of kelp - Reports from fishermen that pots had been moved - Keith Hiscock (2014) after the storms: Collation of observations

6 Before baseline Assess the impact of the storm - Test the hypothesis that protected reefs are more resilient to disturbance events than areas that are open to fishing (see Tett et al 2013)

7 Last minute funding Natural Environment Research Council Pig Shed Trust SWIFA SWFPO

8 Talk content - Importance of biogenic reef services - Storm impact results - Relevance for conservation and management

9 Importance of temperate biogenic reefs

10 Nursery/Protection

11 Feeding habitat/egg case

12 Spat settlement

13 Stabilise sediments Sheehan et al 2013 Mar. Poll. Bull

14 Lyme Bay Statutory Instrument Plymouth Lyme Regis

15 Lyme Bay SI 11 th July 2008 Statutory Instruments 2008 No Sea Fisheries, England. Conservation The Lyme Bay Designated Area (Fishing Restrictions) Order km 2

16 Sheehan, et al Mar Poll Bull (2013)

17 Methods Flying Towed Array HD (1) - Relatively non-destructive - Cost and time effective (8x 200 m transects per day) Sheehan, - Able to Stevens, fly over Attrill variable (2010) seabed PLOS ONE relief

18 Natural Seaton Festival 2013

19 Natural Seaton Festival 2013

20 Natural Seaton Festival 2013

21 Storms Richard Austin

22 Storms Richard Austin

23 Storms Richard Austin

24 West Bay Wave Buoy Wave height (m) Channel Coastal Observatory Maximum wave height Average wave Maximum height wave height Average wave height Wave height (m) Year

25 Three components: 1. Comparison between MPA and Open areas 2. Resilience of benthos in different aged MPAs 3. Storm impacts on sediment veneers

26 Three components: 1. Comparison between MPA and Open areas predictive model Waiting for wave model data to complete the paper. Sorry..!

27 Three components: 1. Comparison between MPA and Open areas Waiting for wave model data to complete the paper. Sorry..!

28 Results

29 First observations

30 First observations

31 Diversity (non seasonal) 35 Taxon richness (mean m ² ± SED) Storm Time MPA Control

32 Abundance (non seasonal) Abundance (mean m ² ± SED) Storm Time MPA Control

33 Branching sponges Abundance (mean m ² ± SED) MPA Control Storm Time

34 Pentapora foliacea 0.5 Abundance (mean m ² ± SED) MPA Control Storm Time

35 Pecten maximus Abundance (mean m ² ± SED) MPA Control Storm Time

36 Eunicella verrucosa Abundance (mean m ² ± SED) MPA Control Storm Time

37 % E. verrucosa necrosis % necrosis Before Time After

38 % E. verrucosa epiphytes % epiphytes Before Time After

39 Asterias rubens 2.5 Abundance (mean m ² ± SED) MPA Control Storm Time

40 Gobies Abundance (mean m ² ± SED) MPA Control Storm Time

41 Pagurus spp Abundance (mean m ² ± SED) MPA Control Storm Time

42 Relevance for conservation, management and fisheries Resilience hypothesis Significantly greater changes inside the MPA as the species in open controls were better adapted to disturbance but they are maintaining an unfavourable system for delivering a range of ecosystem services.

43 Thoughts - Why did the storms cause so much damage to the seabed? - Why did the MPA not stand up better to the storms - Resistance Recovery?

44 Conclusions - The box had not been protected long enough to be resilient against storms - Open areas were resilient against storms but were only maintaining an undesirable state - Important to compare recovery from storms with recovery from bottom towed fishing

45 Acknowledgements - Funders: NERC, Pig Shed Trust, SWIFA, SWFPO, Defra, Natural England - Thank you to the people who helped to protect LB reefs - Robert King (Blue Turtle skipper), John Walker and Kieran Perree (Miss Pattie skippers past and present -Richard Austin for providing images - Statistical support from Marti Anderson and Bob Clarke

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