Droplet Size Distribution in Wave Tank Studies on Dispersant Effectiveness
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1 Droplet Size Distribution in Wave Tank Studies on Dispersant Effectiveness Zhengkai Li, Kenneth Lee, Paul Kepkay, Tom King Center for Offshore Oil and Gas Environmental Research Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Dartmouth NS, CANADA Michel C. Boufadel Civil and Environmental Engineering Department Temple University, Philadelphia PA, U.S.A. Albert D. Venosa National Risk Management Research Laboratory Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati OH, U.S.A.
2 Funding: NOAA/CRRC-UNH, DFO, EPA, NRCan Team members: W. Yeung, M. Asenault, J. Bugden, S. Cobanli, J. Dixon, J. J., X. Ma, P. Thamer, M. Cole, W. Merlin, P. Flamming, A. Hill, P. McPherson, Supporting engineers: Acknowledgements Dan Moffatt, Merle Pittman
3 Wave Tank Facilities at BIO Oil dispersant Oil slick Energy - absorbers LISST Wave generation paddle
4 Wave Tank Facilities at BIO Oil dispersant Oil slick Energy - absorbers LISST Wave generation paddle
5 Factors: Factorial Experimental Design Dispersants: Corexit, SPC, Water (control) Waves: regular non-breaking wave; spilling breaker, plunging breaker, Oil types: MESA, ANS Effectiveness indicators: Oil concentration Droplet size distribution Analytical methods Ultraviolet Spetrophotometry Ultraviolet Fluoremetry Laser In-Situ Scattering and Transiometry Epifuorescent microscopy
6 Factorial Experimental Design Matrix Treatment Dispersants Oils Waves Replicates 1 Water MESA Regular Corexit SPC Water Corexit SPC Water Corexit SPC Water Corexit SPC Water Corexit SPC Water Corexit SPC MESA MESA ANS ANS ANS MESA MESA MESA ANS ANS ANS MESA MESA MESA ANS ANS ANS Regular Regular Regular Regular Regular Spilling Spilling Spilling Spilling Spilling Spilling Plunging Plunging Plunging Plunging Plunging Plunging
7 Particle Size Distribution Measured with LISST-100X (no dispersant) l/l) 0.20 Size Distribution Cumulative Fraction C t ti f Droplet size (μm) Cumulative fraction
8 Particle Size Distribution Measured with LISST-100X (with Dispersant) l/l) C t ti Droplet size (μm) Cumulative fraction
9 Total Oil Concentration under Spilling Breakers w/o Dispersant 100 l/l) surface middle bottom Oil Time (min)
10 Mass Mean Diameter under Spilling Breakers w/o Dispersant 500 ) surface middle bottom M Time (min)
11 Total Oil Concentration under Spilling Breakers with Dispersant 100 l/l) surface middle bottom 40 Oil t ti Time (min)
12 Mass Mean Diameter under Spilling Breakers with Dispersant 500 ) surface middle bottom M Time (min)
13 Total Oil Concentration under Regular Nonbreaking Waves
14 Mass Mean Diameter under Regular Non- Breaking Waves
15 Total Oil Concentration under Spilling Breakers
16 Mass Mean Diameter under Spilling Breakers
17 Total Oil Concentration under Plunging Breakers
18 Mass Mean Diameter under Plunging Breakers
19 Effects of Waves, Dispersants, and Oil Type on MMD Near Bottom after 2 h Dispersion ) M di 20 0 W C S W C S W C S W C S W C S W C S MESA ANS MESA ANS MESA ANS Regular waves Spilling breakers Plunging breakers
20 Effects of Waves, Dispersants, and Oil Type on MMD Near Bottom after 2 h Dispersion MMD MMD MMD Corexit SP Water Plunging Regular Spilling ANS MESA Dispersants Waves Oils
21 Effects of Waves, Dispersants, and Oil Types on Dispersed Oil Droplet Size Factors Df Sm of Sq Mean Sq F Value Pr (F) Dispersant Wave Oil Dispersant : Wave Dispersant : Oil Wave : Oil Dispersant : Wave : Oil Residuals
22 Oil Distribution in the Wave Tank Under Regular Waves
23 Oil Distribution in the Wave Tank Under Spilling Breakers
24 Oil Distribution in the Wave Tank Under Plunging Breakers
25 Dispersants: Conclusions Dispersant reduced oil droplet size and the accelerated the break up of large oil into small oil droplets Dispersant increased the dispersed oil concentration The two tested chemical dispersants are similar in their effectiveness from the preliminary data analysis Waves: Oils: Plunging and spilling breaking waves increased oil concentration compared to non-breaking wave Breaking waves also decreased oil droplet size No significant effect of tested oil types on dispersed oil concentration and droplet size distribution
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