LPU-Laguna Journal of Engineering and Computer Studies Vol. 3 No.3 October 2016

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1 Development of Portable Water Sterilizer Joel Ramos Austria 1 Reggie C. Gustilo 2 Cavite National High School De La Salle University, Manila reggie.gustilo@lsu.eu.ph Abstract The Portable Water Sterilizer was evelope to eliminate bacteria present in rinking water that cause illnesses to people especially the chilren. The evice use ozonation in eliminating contaminants in water such as total coliform an e.coli Ozone (O3) is the main by-prouct of the prototype create by injecting ambient air to the corona ischarge. In orer to control ozonation, a PIC microcontroller was use as switching evice. The functionality an reliability of the evelope prototype was atteste by the laboratory results of the samples submitte to an accreite Department of Health Water Testing Laboratory. The Philippine National Stanar for Drinking Water 2007 was use as the basis for bacteriological analysis of the water testing laboratory. The evice was rate Excellent by the responents using the Technological University of the Philippines Evaluation Instrument for Develope Prototype. The Portable Water Sterilizer proves that it is an effective tool in eliminating harmful bacteria in water an a better alternative in isinfecting water. Keywors microcontroller, water sterilizer, water bacteria I. INTRODUCTION All living creatures, incluing humankin, nee water for survival. Humans irectly an inirectly consume water for rinking, cooking, an foo prouction. People use it for bathing an cleaning the boy, some inustries an manufacturing firms uses water as ingreient to their proucts. Humans also use water environments for recreation, tourism, an ecosystem management. Without foo, a person in excellent physical conition might survive three (3) weeks but only eight (8) ays without water. Dieticians recommen that aults rink eight (8) glasses of water aily. To assure goo health this aequate intake of water must be of satisfactory sanitary quality. People nowaays convince that orinary tap water provie by the local water istributor is no longer safe to rink. This has fuele tremenous growth in the bottle water inustry Millions an millions of pesos are spent on avertising campaign to give the perception that these bottle waters come from some pristine mountain spring when in reality many of them come from a municipality water system just like the tap water oes. The regulations that govern bottle water only require it to be as goo as tap water. There is no assurance or requirements that bottle are of any higher quality than tap. The Department of Health showe that iarrhea an gastroenteritis place number three (3) among leaing causes of chil mortality ages 1-4 years. The ata showe that there are 1,231 cases of chil s eath in 2006 because of contaminate water. This is 16.14% rate per 100,000 of corresponing age-group ( Multitue of ifferent microorganisms, or microbes, can affect the quality of a water supply. Microbes foun in water fall into four categories: bacteria, protozoa, viruses, an helminths. These microbes have great effects to human health. Some of the iseases that can be brought by contaminate water are iarrhea, typhoi fever, ysentery, cholera, amoebiasis an other fatal 107

2 illnesses. These sickness will lea to eath if not iagnose early. Safe water an the prevention of waterborne isease are public health priorities in most countries, where clean water generally is available for about onethir of the worl's population. However, water-relate human health problems in eveloping countries are aunting. Consiering the problem cite, a Portable Water Sterilizer tens to reuce the sickness cause by contaminate water. During calamities like typhoons an other isasters where the sources of water are contaminate with bacteria, the portable water sterilizer can use to purify the rinking water. The community may gain from this by actually reucing the possibility of outbreak/ illnesses that cause by the contaminate water. II. PROBLEM STATEMENT The general objective of the stuy is to evelop a Portable Water Sterilizer that eliminates all forms of bacteria in water. Specifically, the stuy aime to Design an construct a portable water sterilizer prototype that eliminates bacteria using corona ischarge metho; Test an improve the prototype in terms of functionality an reliability base on the stanars of the Department of Health (DOH) for water bacteriology testing; an Evaluate the performance of the system in term of functionality, aesthetic, workability, urability, economy an safety. III. Conceptual Moel of the Stuy On the basis of the foregoing concepts, theories, an finings of relate literature, stuies presente, an insights taken from them, a conceptual moel was evelope as shown below Figure 1. Conceptual Moel of the Stuy The conceptual moel presente is base on the input-process-output moel of evelopmental stuy. The input inclues human basic nees, water composition, water composition, water source, water treatment, water stanar, an water contamination. Software requirements inclue assembly language. Harware requirements inclue computer an microcontroller. The process inclues esign, evelopment, an implementation. The output is an portable water sterilizer. IV. METHODOLOGY The Portable Water Sterilizer is a prototype that eliminates harmful bacteria in water. Figure 6 shows the framework of the system. The project works by placing the hose of the prototype to the contaminate water. The corresponing switch is presse to start ozonation. 108

3 then blowing air pass on it. The switching evice moule use PIC microcontroller for controlling the four (4) switch buttons. The prototype nees to be plug-in to a 220V power supply. Figure 2 Process Flow of Ozone (O3) Figure 3 shows the schematic iagram of the switching evice moule. The main component use is the PIC16F873AT-I/SO microcontroller. C programming for PIC an MPLab were the software use for the programs of the prototype. It has four (4) push button switches to control time of ozonation an LED inicators. The switching evice moule is powere by a 5V DC supply Figure 3 Schematic Diagram of the Switching Device V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The Portable Water Sterilizer shown in Figure 11 is a prototype that eliminates all forms of bacteria in water. The prototype uses corona ischarge metho an an air pump. There are two moules, ozonator moule an switching evice moule. The ozonator moule involves generating a high voltage electrical charge an Figure 4 The Portable Water Sterilizer There are four (4) major switches in the system. The first switch is to ozonate a typical 240 ml (8 oz) of tap water in five (5) minutes. The secon switch is to ozonate 500 ml of water for 10 minutes an the thir switch is to ozonate 1000 ml of water for 15 minutes. The prototype will automatically stops upon reaching the require time of ozonation. The last button is an open time switch where the user can actually ozonate water that is more than one (1) liter. The project works by pressing the corresponing button. Once presse, the aquarium air pump brings out air that passes through the corona ischarge chamber an an ozone (O3) is being prouce. The hose is place on the water to sterilize. To verify the functionality an reliability of the prototype, a Department of Health (DOH) accreite Water Testing Laboratory was etermine. The Regional Water Laboratory locate in Carmona, Cavite was ientifie. The 109

4 RWL is a government owne facility taske to perioically analyze water in their town an nearby cities an municipalities incluing inustrial companies. Water samples submitte by their clients unerwent bacteriological analysis to ientify contaminants an are subject of the researcher testing. One company in the First Cavite Inustrial Estate (FCIE) faile the water bacteriological analysis, as shown in Table 5. Two (2) liters of sample water were rawn from the sai company an ivie into three (3) volume 240 ml, 500 ml an 1000 ml. These samples unerwent the process of ozonation an the result of the bacteriological examination is shown in Table 1. Table 1 Bacteriological Examination Result of Water Sample before Ozonation Result of Analysis Remarks Total Fecal HPC Coliforms Coliforms efu/ml >8 >8 FAILED Table 2 showe that the water sample has more than 8 counts of total coliform an more than 8 counts of e.coli. More than eight counts is not suitable for human consumption. Table 2 Bacteriological Examination Result of Water Sample after Ozonation Volu me 240m l Time of Ozonat ion Tota l Colif orm s Fecal Coliform s Remar ks 5 mins <1.1 <1.1 Passe 240m 10 <1.1 <1.1 Passe l mins 500m 10 <1.1 <1.1 Passe l mins <1.1 <1.1 Passe ml mins <1.1 <1.1 Passe ml mins Table 2 shows the bacteriological examination result after the contaminate water is treate by ozonation process. The two (2) 240 ml of samples were ozonate for 5 an 10 minutes, respectively. Total coliform an e.coli rea is less than 1 count of bacteria. Below 1.1 counts of water bacteria means the water is safe to rink as far as bacteriological aspect is concerne. The secon sample which is 500 ml ozonate for 10 minutes, the result also showe that minimum count of bacteria has been establishe. Lastly, the 1000 ml of water sample ozonate for 10 minutes an another 1000 ml also treate for 15 minutes passe the bacteriological test. Upon analyzing the results, best time of ozonation for a typical one (1) glass of water (240 ml.) is 5 minutes, 500 ml. sample is 10 minutes an 1000 ml. or 1 liter is 15 minutes, as shown in Figure 14. If the user wishes to ozonate more than 1 liter, 15 minutes of ozonation time shoul be ae for every liter of water. 110

5 Figure 5. Actual Ozonation Process an Testing at Regional Water Analysis in Carmona, Cavite Project Evaluation To evaluate the functionality an performance of the prototype, prototype was subjecte to a performance evaluation result using the TUP Evaluation Instrument for Prototype. The criteria are functionality, aesthetic, workability, urability, economy, safety an saleability. Eighteen (18) evaluator/responents evaluate the prototype comprise of three (3) health professionals, five (5) IT experts an ten (10) from Cavite City an Carmona, Cavite. Table 7 Summary of Evaluation Results Criteria Mean Qualitative Interpretation Functionality 4.56 Excellent Aesthetic 4.50 Very goo Workability 4.56 Excellent Durability 4.57 Excellent Economy 4.54 Excellent Safety 4.30 Very goo Saleability 4.56 Excellent Overall mean 4.51 Excellent VI. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The Portable Water Sterilizer is a prototype capable of eliminating harmful bacteria using the corona ischarge metho to generate ozone. The ozonator moule works by supplying air from the pump to the corona ischarge chamber. At the chamber, the usual oxygen (O2) having 2 atom is mixe with another atom an therefore create ozone (O3). The switch moule use PIC16F873AT-I/SO that serves as the timer having corresponing time of ozonation epening on the amounts of water that will unergo the process. The ozonate water was subjecte to bacteriology test at the Regional Water Laboratory in Carmona, Cavite. Results showe that there are less than 1.1 counts of total coliforms an e.coli present in ozonate water. In aition, the evelope prototype can ispel the strong oor of chlorine in tap water. Because of its portability, the prototype can be brought to places where there is no goo source of rinking water. The performance evaluation of the sterilizer resulte to an overall mean of 4.51 with a escriptive rating of Excellent. VII. Conclusion In consieration of the objectives of the stuy an the results of testing an evaluation carrie out, the following conclusions were erive: 1. The Portable Water Sterilizer was successfully evelope to eliminate bacteria in water using the corona ischarge metho an locally available materials; 2. The bacteriological result after the process of ozonation reveale that the water sample passe an eliminate total coliform an e.coli. 111

6 The result was atteste by Regional Water Laboratory in Carmona, Cavite; an 3. The performance of the project was rate Excellent by the responents which proves that the prototype is an effective tool for sterilizing water. REFERENCES [1] Microsoft Encarta (2008) [2] Aquassana. Bottle Water Is It Really Better For You? Retrieve April 2009 from http;//www. Drinking water.org [3] Water Treatment. Retrive April 2009 from tribution/water-stores-an-refilling- Stations-in-thePhilippines.html [4] DOH. Leaing Causes of Mortality. Retrieve April 2009 from [5] Hammer, Mark J. et al. (2001). Water an Waste Water Technology. 4th e. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. [6] Hunter P. (n..). Waterborne Disease: Epiemiology an Ecology. Chichester, UK: John Wiley an Sons. [7] Walski, Thomas M. et al. (2003). Avance Water Distribution Moeling an Management. 1st e. Waterbury, CT: Bentley Institute Press. [8] Safe Drinking Water Is Essential Retrieve April 2009 from http;//www. rinkingwater.org/html/en/overview [9] Rice, Rip G. et al. (1982). Ozone Technology an Application. Vol.1. Ann Arbor Science [10] Langais, Bruno. (1992). Ozone in Water Treatment Application an Engineering. Lewis Publishing. [11] PNSDW. Philippine National Stanar for Drinking Water. Retrieve April 2009 from http;//www. lwua.gov.ph [12] Metzger, Marianne R. Water Conitioning an Purification. Retrieve May 2009 from http;//www. wcponline.com [13] Payment, Pierre. (2004). Safe Pipe Water: Managing Microbial Water Quality in Pipe Distribution System. Lonon, UK: IWA Publishing. [14] Villar, Manuel B. Philippine Health Statistics. Retrieve May 2009 from http;// [15] Air Pump. Retrieve September 2013 from p. [16] Glass. Retrieve February 2013 from [17] Tocci, Ronal J. et. al. (2000). Microprocessors an Microcomputers. Singapore: Prentice-Hall Inc. 5th e. [18] Aniez, Rogelio B. (2003). Development of a Microcontroller-base Power System Scheuler. Unpublishe Dissertation, Technological University of the Philippines, Manila. [19] Spasov, Peter. (2002). Microcontroller Technology: the 68HC11 (4th E.) Donelly & Sons Company [20] Woo, Roben U. (2009). Development of a Hyraulic Network Moeling System. Unpublishe Master s Thesis, 112