1. Slide Summary: This course covers methods and best practices used by professional planners, engineers, and consultants/researchers This course

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1. Slide Summary: This course covers methods and best practices used by professional planners, engineers, and consultants/researchers This course does not focus on

2 1. Slide Summary: This course covers methods and best practices used by professional planners, engineers, and consultants/researchers This course does not focus on advocacy; rather, it introduces current approaches to planning for bicycle and pedestrian safety. 2. Image Source and References: Nathan McNeil, PSU, Chicago, IL

3 1. Slide Summary: Introduce the logistics of the class including class time and location, readings and assignments, expectations of students, contact information, and any other relevant information. 3

4 1. Slide Message: Discuss the basic format of the class and labs. 4

5 The reading list is organized in three categories 1) Required, 2) Optional Journal Articles and 3) Additional Resources. It is expected that all students will read the required materials in advance of the lecture that covers the material. The optional journal articles may be of interest to students who wish to advance their knowledge independently. Graduate students should expect to read 1 or 2 additional articles from this list for assignments. The Additional Resources list is reports or guides that are likely to be encountered by a professional in the field. These are usually lengthy documents and you are not expected to read the material. 5

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7 1. Slide Summary: This slide lays the groundwork for how assignments will be graded in the class. 7

8 Note to instructor: Depending on class size, you can use this slide to help with introductions, going around the room. 8

9 Outline for Today 9

10 Initiative for Bicycle and Pedestrian Innovation Introduction Slide: Peter Koonce Kittelson & Associates, Inc

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12 Bicycle and Pedestrian Design Guide (Oregon DOT, 2011) 12

13 Bicycle and Pedestrian Design Guide (Oregon DOT, 2011) 13

14 Speaker notes: Cities and roads were designed at a walking/bicycle/transit scale before the rise of the automobile. During the 1950s-1990s, land development became much more auto-oriented with a development pattern that required the use of the automobile for nearly all trips. Roads were designed to move motor vehicles as quickly and efficiently as possible, often without any sort of provision for other modes. This trend is seeing some reversal as we see an increased interested in walkable neighborhoods and having transportation options. References: Muller, P. O. (2004). Transportation and Urban Form: Stages in the Spatial Evolution of the American Metropolis. Geography of Urban Transportation. Guilford Press: New York. 14

15 Slide credit: Peter Koonce, City of Portland 15

16 Portland's emphasis on sustainibility began because of the recognition of our community leaders and politicians that there was an opportunity to do something different. Things started in earnest when one of the most historic hotels was removed for a parking lot. Later, plans to expand this parking lot to 10 floors in the heart of downtown drew public opposition. 16

17 Slide credit: Peter Koonce, City of Portland 17

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19 Speaker notes: There are many groups of people who can t drive: people younger than 16, people with certain disabilities, and older adults. In fact, as Baby Boomers age, the percentage of older adults will nearly double from 12% of the population in 2000 to 21% of the population in 2050, increasing the population of people who will desire mobility but might not be able to drive. In addition, many people are becoming interested in active lifestyles that can help them lower their risk of chronic diseases. References: Laura B. Shrestha, The Changing Demographic Profile of the United States. Congressional Research Service Report for Congress, May 5, 2006, pg. CRS-14. Available at: Image source: 19

Speaker notes: Recent estimates from the U.S. Census show significant population increases in the largest U.S. cities in the U.S. These cities are growing more quickly than the United States as a whole.

20 Speaker notes: Recent estimates from the U.S. Census show significant population increases in the largest U.S. cities in the U.S. These cities are growing more quickly than the United States as a whole. Growth in cities can lead to greater density and greater demand for amenities within walking or biking distance. References: Berg, N. (2012). Big Cities on the Rise. The Atlantic Cities. June 28, Accessed April 2, 2013 from Image source: Berg, N. (2012). Urban vs. Suburban Growth in U.S. Metros. The Atlantic Cities. June 29, Accessed April 2, 2013 from 20

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Speaker notes: According to the Americans with Disabilities Act (or ADA) of 1990, recipients of federal funding are required to make transportation infrastructure, such as sidewalks, curb ramps, and

32 Speaker notes: According to the Americans with Disabilities Act (or ADA) of 1990, recipients of federal funding are required to make transportation infrastructure, such as sidewalks, curb ramps, and signals, accessible and usable for all Americans. References: Federal Highway Administration. (2000). FHWA/FTA Memorandum: Announcement of USDOT Accessibility Regulations. Accessed April 2, 2013 from idance/atl.cfm Image source: Photo: Thad Allton, Topeka Capital-Journal. 32

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36 1. Slide Summary: Despite the difficulty in comparing injury rates from different countries due to different measures of collection, there is still a clear trend of much higher rates of fatality and injury per kilometer traveled than in either the Netherlands or Germany. 2. Image Source and References: Pucher, J. & Dijkstra. L. (2003). Promoting Safe Walking and Cycling to Improve Public Health: Lessons from the Netherlands and Germany. American Journal of Public Health, 93(9). 36

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38 Speaker notes: Dense development is associated with higher levels of walking and transit use and reduced automobile dependency (Ewing, nd). Compact, mixed-use development is fundamental to making communities walkable because it increases the number of origins and destinations that are within walking distance of one another (Leinberger, 2007; Saelens & Handy, 2008). Proximity to schools and retail, commercial, and municipal uses can encourage walking. Additionally, large numbers of pedestrians tend to attract more walkers because they indicate the vitality of an area and can create a secure walking environment with more eyes on the street. High densities, walking, and transit use reinforce one another: higher residential and employment densities mean that more riders will live or work within a quarter mile of a transit stop; high ridership levels can improve transit service; and transit riders typically start their trip on foot, so high ridership levels likely indicate high pedestrian levels. References: McConville, M. E., Rodríguez, D. A., Clifton, K., Cho, G., & Fleischhacker, S. (2011). Disaggregate land uses and walking. American journal of preventive medicine, 40(1),

Speaker notes: This slide shows the historical trends in neighborhood street pattern. Over time the development pattern connectivity decreased.

39 Speaker notes: This slide shows the historical trends in neighborhood street pattern. Over time the development pattern connectivity decreased. This also shows how the suburban development patterns have reduced the linear feet of streets necessary to develop an area, which results in less impervious surface and lowers the cost of construction. References: Frank, L., Kavage, S., & Litman, T. (2006). Promoting public health through smart growth. Vancouver, BC: SmartGrowthBC. Available at Image source: Frank, L., Kavage, S., & Litman, T. (2006). Promoting public health through smart growth. Vancouver, BC: SmartGrowthBC. Available at 39

40 Speaker notes: Travel variables are generally inelastic with respect to change in measures of the built environment. The combined effect on travel of several environmental variables on travel could be quite large. Population and job densities to be only weakly associated with travel behavior References: Ewing, R., & Cervero, R. (2010). Travel and the built environment: A meta-analysis. Journal of the American Planning Association, 76(3),

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Speaker notes: With DOTs and public works departments facing large budget shortfalls, we have to be smarter and more efficient with our transportation investments.

42 Speaker notes: With DOTs and public works departments facing large budget shortfalls, we have to be smarter and more efficient with our transportation investments. This picture speaks volumes about the efficiency of moving people in ways other than single vehicle use. References: City of Muenster Planning Office, Image source: City of Muenster Planning Office,

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44 . Koonce: Much of the Climate Change work I have heard is focused on At the City, we are working proactively today, exploring methods to change how we operate, design, and maintain our transportation system. I like this picture because it is an intersection is in downtown Portland, we have light rail intersecting with the street, a buffered bike lane (that is seeking to reallocate ROW from auto traffic to bikes) on-street parking to support the pedestrian environment and for maintain access for business deliveries and shopping, and just one lane of traffic for vehicles. In many communities this space might be 3 or 4 lanes of traffic without all of these features being integrated as a part of the public space. 43

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Speaker notes: In recent years, the health community has become more engaged in transportation issues, due to mounting evidence regarding the relationship between health and active transportation.

52 Speaker notes: In recent years, the health community has become more engaged in transportation issues, due to mounting evidence regarding the relationship between health and active transportation. More research is linking active transportation (such as walking and bicycling and transit use) with improved health, and also showing the flip side of the coin: car-oriented environments with highly sedentary populations are associated with a range of negative health outcomes such as diabetes, heart disease, and depression. References: Mokdad, A. H., Marks, J. S., Stroup, D. F., & Gerberding, J. L. (2004). Actual causes of death in the United States, JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association, 291(10), Image source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2004). Fact Sheet: Physical Inactivity and Poor Nutrition Catching Up to Tobacco as Actual Cause of Death. Further reading: Freeland AL, Banerjee SN, Dannenberg AL, Wendel AM. (2013) Walking associated with public transit: moving toward increased physical activity in the United States. Am. J. Public Health 2013; epub(epub): epub. Walk It Out: Urban Design Plays Key Role in Creating Healthy Cities: 51

53 Speaker notes: These maps from the CDC show the percentage of people in each state with a body mass index of 30 or higher, which indicates obesity. As you can see, over the past 20 years, the percentage of obese Americans has increased dramatically throughout the country. While the factors that affect obesity rates are complex and include both nutrition and physical activity, it s clear that work to support physical activity through providing opportunities for active transportation is a much-needed part of the solution. References: Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults in Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data from 1990, 2000, and 2010 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, Vol. 165, No. 11. Image source: Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults in Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data from 1990, 2000, and 2010 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, Vol. 165, No. 11. Further reading: 52

54 References CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System: Prevalence and Trend Data Overweight and Obesity, U.S. Obesity Trends, Trends by State Available online at CDC, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System. Available online at tables_health_indicators.htm

Speaker notes: Various studies provide evidence of the high return on investment that ped/bike facilities offer. References: Image source: Flusche, D. (2012).

55 Speaker notes: Various studies provide evidence of the high return on investment that ped/bike facilities offer. References: Image source: Flusche, D. (2012). Bicycling Means Business: The Economic Benefits of Bicycle Infrastructure. League of American Bicyclists %29.pdf Further reading: PedalMN Video shows how bicycling is being promoted to support the tourism industry: %29.pdf 54

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What s Health Got to Do With It? Health and Land Use Planning

What s Health Got to Do With It? Health and Land Use Planning CANDACE RUTT, PH.D. EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR APRIL 13 TH, 2016 Planning and Public Health Planning + Public Health Healthy Communities Healthier