Pedestrian Safety Enforcement Operations

Transcription

1 Pedestrian Safety Enforcement Operations Wil Price, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Ranjit Walia, Civic Eye Collaborative, LLC Sgt Richard Ruth, Orlando Police Department George Branyan, Washington, DC DOT June 18, 2015

2 Today s Presentation Introduction and housekeeping Audio issues? Dial into the phone line instead of using mic & speakers PBIC Trainings and Webinars Registration and Archives at pedbikeinfo.org/webinars PBIC News and updates on Facebook Questions at the end

3 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Development of the Pedestrian Safety Enforcement Operations Guide Wil Price NHTSA Enforcement and Justice Services

4 Partnering with NHTSA Colleagues Concept developed by Safety Countermeasures Division in 2010 Based on strong interest by law enforcement for guidance in conducting pedestrian safety operations Enforcement and Justice Services partnered with Safety Countermeasures to manage the effort Safer drivers. Safer cars. Safer roads.

5 How This Was Accomplished NHTSA EJS contracted with Acclaro Research to develop the approach and methods for creating a Pedestrian Enforcement Guide Acclaro engaged law enforcement, highway safety professionals, and pedestrian safety advocates Delphi process was used to collect information and coalesce it into a usable format Safer drivers. Safer cars. Safer roads.

6 Who Contributed to the Process Input and expertise from around the country NHTSA relied upon these subject matter experts SME s worked together to arrive at the finished product Safer drivers. Safer cars. Safer roads.

7 Safer drivers. Safer cars. Safer roads. 5

8 Guide is Available on Line Document is located under Guide and Guidelines Available at no cost to download Safer drivers. Safer cars. Safer roads.

9 Safer drivers. Safer cars. Safer roads. Mark R. Rosekind, Ph.D.

10 NJ Pedestrian Safety Enforcement Webinar June 18, 2015

11 Pedestrian Safety in New Jersey Pedestrian Safety Focus State Sta;s;cs tell some of the story. During : 1003 pedestrian fatali;es, an average of 125 each year 40,150 injuries, an average of 5,000 a year Injury rates have been declining, but fatali;es have remained steady NJ has a high pedestrian fatality rate - at 1.58 per 100,000 popula;on it s 11th worst in the na;on (2010) In 2010, 25% of traffic fatali;es in New Jersey were pedestrians

12 Pedestrian Safety Enforcement Structured, defensible yield- to- pedestrian enforcement opera;ons U;lize a decoy officer Warning and cita;ons coupled with community outreach Opera;ons funded by local PDs and DHTS Training funded by DHTS and NJDOT

13 Pedestrian Safety Enforcement (PSE) Before structured PSE training.the problem Subjec;vity of failure to yield, or now, to stop and stay stopped The issue of shared responsibility Down ;me while team waits for pedestrians to cross Drivers and pedestrians generally unaware of the law or have a pa[ern of viola;ng them What is PSE training? Educa;on for enforcement personnel Training on PSE opera;ons Why PSE Training? Enforcement is cri;cal but pedestrian laws and the du;es of motorists to pedestrians have not been a focus area in training An opportunity for training on structured defensible opera;ons

14 PSE Opera;on Overview Iden;fy crossings that will be target of opera;ons Set up orange safety cones prescribed distance Represent point at which motorist has ample ;me to stop/yield Assign officers to three roles Spo[er Decoy Pedestrian Flagger Carry out opera;ons Opera;ons are oaen phased over ;me Pre- opera;on media blitz and outreach

15 Structured Opera;on Plan: Can achieve sustained behavioral change More =me consuming and resource intensive Components to plan: Training Engineering Striping, Stop for Pedestrian Signs, Advanced Stop Bars Educa=on To Motorists Flyers, Sandwich Board Signs, Warnings To Public Feedback Signs, Flyers, Media Outreach Feedback System Feedback Signs Enforcement Schedule (6 weeks; intense in beginning and ramp down Loca=ons (4 loca=ons per community) Rotate loca=ons Data Collec=on (Op=onal) (4 enforcement loca=ons + 4 control points per community) Spot operations: Sporadic operations over the course of the year Temporary change in behavior if conducted in isolation More effective as reinforcement to structured 3E operations

16 Evalua;on of NJ s PSE Program BACKGROUND FINDINGS

17 History and Current Prac;ce PSE 2007 Pilot workshops NJDOT and DHTS support and buy- in PSE 2008 Began Regional Trainings Tested structured opera;ons in South Orange and Montclair Effec;ve but resource intensive Program was very popular with many training requests

18 History and Current Prac;ce PSE 2009 Con;nued Regional Trainings Formalized program Ins;tu;onal home (DHTS) Required PSE training to receive pedestrian safety grants Became eligible ac;vity Began using NJ s Pedestrian Safety Fund for opera;ons and mobiliza;ons Advanced peer- to- peer training NJDOT and DHTS support and buy- in

19 PSE History and Current Prac;ce Con;nued Regional Trainings Program was very popular with many training requests PSE was cited as a key educa;onal component for the 2010 Pedestrian Safety Bill PSE 2012 Con;nued Regional Trainings Produced PSE Training Film Carried out evalua;on of the program Survey Interviews Pedestrian Safety Roundtable

20 PSE Regional Trainings stopped in 2014 Missing a dedicated person to push the program PSE trainings primarily carried out by peer- to- peer training or departments are already well versed in opera;ons Roll Call film used as both refresher as well as for training PSE embedded as key component in NJ Street Smart Pedestrian Safety campaign

21 Survey Distribu=on Online survey June- July 2012 Sent to most police departments in NJ 165 responses 152 police departments represented Topics The importance of pedestrian safety Motorist and pedestrian behavior around crosswalks The safety and maintenance condi;on of crosswalks PSE opera;ons, funding, efficacy, public communica;on

22 Survey: Pedestrian Safety Need How important is pedestrian safety in your community? a) to community leaders/the public 55% significant issue 30% moderate importance b) to your police department 65% significant issue 28% moderate importance

23 Survey: Findings Public knowledge of stop and stay stopped 53% Good 41% Moderate Are pedestrians disregarding crosswalks an issue in your community? 71% Yes 29% No Has your department worked with organiza;ons that address traffic safety? 62% AAA 22% Brain Injury Assoc. 43% Other

24 Survey: Findings 35% (23) PDs cited PSE opera;ons as being the catalyst for changes to traffic control and roadway engineering for pedestrians 76% of respondents said that PSE is the only safety ini;a;ve for pedestrians they carry out

25 Survey: PSE Loca;ons 64 out of 152 departments (42%) have conducted PSE opera;ons

26 Survey: PSE Needs and Improvements Most PDs conduct <5 opera;ons a year, but several conduct 15+ Several PDs have discon;nued PSE due to staffing cuts PSE is funded by PD budgets (59%), supplemented with DHTS grants Most PDs (83%) issue both warnings and cita;ons Tracking is limited to # warnings and cita;ons, reported to DHTS Manpower and funding are the biggest limita;ons

27 Survey: PSE Needs and Improvements Need PSAs and Educa;on (most frequent request) Need handouts/print materials Need signage, banners, equipment Need online training videos Need grants for engineering improvements More training dates and loca;ons Need pedestrian specific materials More emphasis on pedestrian safety in driver s educa;on curriculum

28 Survey: Educa;onal Ini;a;ves Answer Number of Responses Notification of local newspapers 27 Flyers distributed in public buildings 10 Flyers distributed in schools 9 Posts on local news websites or blogs 16 Use of variable message signs 24 Public presentations 13 Other 11 None 16

29 Survey: Training in PSE Answer Response Percent Have not received training 82 54% Fellow officers in our Department 35 23% Officers from Departments in neighboring towns 12 8% Workshop sponsored by the Division of Highway Traffic Safety 51 34% Other 7 5%

30 Survey: Ped. Safety Needs 1. Funding for enforcement 2. Public service announcements and off the shelf press & educa;on materials (downloadable and pre- printed) 3. More frequent & local training for officers 4. Educa;onal messages & materials targeted at pedestrian behavior

31 CLOSING THOUGHTS

32 Findings We need to address pedestrian educa;on and compliance in general, but specifically with enforcement opera;ons The most effec;ve PSE opera;ons are structured opera;ons They are needed and are effec;ve Resource and exper;se intensive PSE should be applied to a corridor Exploring that in Essex County Most effec;ve as partnerships Police are good at enforcement, not the media and coordina;on Advocates, Schools, Planners, and Engineers all have a role

33 Tracking data is challenging; PDs have not been good at repor;ng data (even when required) Data is needed to prove success Many examples of anecdotal success (Bus stop safety study, S. Orange and Montclair, Interviews) These opera;ons can be a cri;cal part of any pedestrian safety campaign They provide educa;on, enforcement, and awareness The next innova;on will be warning to summons depending Trackable warning Website with educa;onal film and test In Somerset 3,000 warnings issued.99% chose educa;on An addi;onal 11,000 voluntary website referrals Film was the essen;al element to connec;ng with people

34 Need steady funds and a dedicated staffer to push PSE and innovate with it. The issue is having dedicated funds/staff The enormity of the problem demands more funding like click it or ;cket or MADD/alcohol enforcement Right now dedicated funding is belts and booze

35 Q AND A PSE Roll Call Film: h[ps://vimeo.com/ PSE Descrip;ve Film: h[ps://vimeo.com/ Ranjit Walia Principal, Civic Eye Collaborative LLC ranjit@civiceyecollaborative.com

36 ORLANDO POLICE DEPARTMENT PEDESTRIAN SAFETY INITIATIVES

37 DANGEROUS BY DESIGN: Orlando Kissimmee tops the list in 2011 and 2014 Pedestrian Death Index, census population, walkers, etc. Not adjacent or contiguous, cities are tied solely through tourism Appx 45 miles apart Population on any given day much greater than census indicates

38 CENTRAL FLORIDA MAP

39 OPERATION: BEST FOOT FORWARD Formed in 2012 Coalition of private and governmental entities City of Orlando and Orlando Police Orange County and Sheriff s Office MetroPlan Orlando Bike-Walk Central Florida Lynx buses FDOT Public Schools Hospitals

40 BEST FOOT FORWARD (cont) Three E s Monitor and enforce select crosswalks Locations complaints and crash data GOAL: Increase vehicle yield rates, reduce injuries and crashes Decoy operations Targets drivers increase awareness of pedestrians and change driver behavior

41 BEST FOOT FORWARD (cont)

42 BFF RESULTS Yield Rates have improved at many crosswalks -Under 30 MPH - Signalized intersections - RRFB and Enhanced Crosswalks - Engineering - traffic islands/slip lanes - Reduced # of crashes and injuries Mid-block crossings on 35+ MPH are the still worst for yield rates Pedestrian Fatalities - No Change

43 STARTED TO LOOK AT DATA Pedestrian fatalities by calendar year: (BFF Commenced) (to date) Pedestrian Crash # s may be incorrect due to reporting errors, fatalities are correct

44 DATA (cont) Pedestrian Citations versus crashes: YEAR CRASHES CITATIONS N/A N/A

45 EVERYDAY OBSERVATIONS

46 FDOT HVEPEDSAFE GRANT Applied for FDOT funds to target all modes (car, ped, and bike) March 2014 August 2014 Used state crash database to map and select locations: - FIRES - Signal 4 Analytics Reviewed crashes for fault determination

47 FDOT HVEPEDSAFE GRANT (cont) Education through Enforcement - Issue more citations to pedestrians 70% of our pedestrian crashes were fault of the pedestrian. Traffic Homicide Unit (Fatal or Great Bodily Injury) pedestrian crashes over last 7 years Pedestrian at fault 92% of the time.

48 FDOT HVEPEDSAFE GRANT (cont) Selected locations from mapping of the pedestrian crashes:

49 FDOT HVEPEDSAFE GRANT (cont) OT details and contacts (Mar 2014-Aug 2014) PEDESTRIAN BIKE VEHICLE TOTAL CONTACTS MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY-AUG TOTALS VIOLATION % 81% 8% 11% GRANT TIME FRAME PED CITATIONS 175 SAME TIME FRAME IN

50 FUTURE INITIATIVES Short-term: Ped crashes below 200/year Long-term: Ped crashes below 100/year Entire Agency commitment to daily education through enforcement Additional FDOT Grants to increase enforcement opportunities Balanced enforcement details based upon At Fault percentages Continue to increase citations to violators in all 3 modes to affect behavior change Correct reporting errors to ensure best data Reinstitute programs and PSA s in schools

51 Sergeant Richard J. Ruth Orlando Police Department Traffic Enforcement Section

52 Pedestrian Safety Enforcement Program June 18, 2015 George Branyan Pedestrian Program Coordinator District Department of Transportation

53 Motivational Quote of the Day: The 3 E s of traffic safety are enforcement, enforcement, and publicity about enforcement! Dr. Elizabeth Baker, Administrator, Mid-Atlantic Region, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

54 Why does this issue matter? Means of Transportation to Work by DC Residents 2012 American Community Survey

55 Source: MPD Pedestrian Crash Trends

56 Pedestrians Pedestrian Crash Types Pedestrian Action, Pedestrian Right of Way Driver Right of Way

57 Pedestrian Crash Types and Injury Severity Pedestrian Action Fatal Disabling Non Disabling Complaint not Visible Other No Injury N/A Unknown Summary With Signal in Crosswalk Not In Crosswalk In Crosswalk - No Signal From Between Parked Cars Against Signal in Crosswalk In Unmarked Crosswalk N/A Other Unknown Data

58 Vehicle Speed and Pedestrian Crash Severity Speeding Enforcement IS Pedestrian Safety Enforcement!

59 Effective Enforcement Strategies

60 Signalized Intersection Target Driver Violations: Left on green Right on green Right on red without stop Turning vehicle conflicts with pedestrians happen often at signalized intersections

61 Uncontrolled Crosswalk Target Driver Violation: Uncontrolled crosswalk- Fail to stop/yield

62 DDOT/MPD Pedestrian-Bicycle Program: Training Program: Since 2005, over 600 MPD officers have received a half-day training on pedestrian and bicycle safety enforcement. Mandatory MPD Pedestrian/Bicycle distance learning module went on-line in DDOT overtime funds for traffic safety enforcement DDOT Traffic Control Officers Street Smart Regional Education-Enforcement Campaign DDOT-MPD Road Rules Education-Enforcement Campaign Vision Zero Initiative, 2015

63 What is Balanced Enforcement? Drivers and pedestrians both have duties and responsibilities, but dangerous behavior is more important than risky behavior. The first priority is to protect the vulnerable and law abiding from those who pose a hazard (drivers). The second priority should be to protect people from themselves (pedestrians)

64 Enforcement Strategy at Signalized Intersections: Conflict Zone Left on green Right on green Locate officers downstream of right and left turning violations

65 Enforcement Strategy at uncontrolled crosswalks: Conflict Zone Locate officers downstream of crosswalk violations Locate officers downstream of crosswalk violations

66 Setting up a Targeted Crosswalk Enforcement Operation (aka Crosswalk Sting or Decoy Operation, 25 mph posted) 161 Cone A B Cone Location Warning: Best locations are collector and minor arterial streets in mixed commercial/residential neighborhoods with posted speed limits at no more than 30 mph and 2 or 4 lanes maximum. Higher volume, multi-lane roads can be very challenging and may not be appropriate, without other engineering countermeasures.

67 Setting up a Targeted Crosswalk Enforcement Operation (aka Crosswalk Sting or Decoy Operation)

68 Pullover team located here Enforcement at uncontrolled crosswalks Crosswalk located here

69 Strategies for Effective Jaywalking Enforcement Focus primarily on people who walk into the path of a vehicle with the right of way. Look for jaywalkers who put themselves in a hazardous situation by interfering with a driver s right of way

70 Mid-block Crossing Law for Pedestrians A B C Is this distinction meaningful in practice?

71 Pitfalls of Aggressive Jaywalking Enforcement

72 Green Light-Yellow Light-Red Light Pedestrian Enforcement MPD Progressive Enforcement Strategy: Begins with 2 3 days of only educational outreach and interaction - GREEN LIGHT Moves to 2 3 days intercepting pedestrians and giving verbal warning and educational material YELLOW LIGHT Concludes with 3 4 days of writing citations RED LIGHT

73 Educating Pedestrians & Drivers Fall and Spring Street Smart educational handouts.

74 Enforcement Resources Crosswalk Law Card for Motorists

75 2014 DDOT/MPD Bicycle Education- Road Rules Campaign- DC Only

76 2014 DDOT/MPD Bicycle Education- Enforcement Campaign

77 Publicity about Enforcement The STREET SMART Campaign: Conducted since 2002 Washington and Baltimore metro areas Funded mainly by highway safety grant funds (DC, MD, VA) Targets pedestrians, drivers and cyclists English and Spanish Fall and spring campaigns since 2007

78 Publicity about Enforcement MPD Crosswalk Decoy Operation. Photo from the Washington Post Lidar speed enforcement on the approach Threshold cone Police Officers

79 Automated Enforcement for Pedestrian Safety In addition to 48 red light running and more than 120 speeding camera locations MPD/DDOT began pilot testing CROSSWALK and Stop Sign automated enforcement in 2014 This year stop sign and uncontrolled crosswalk automated enforcement is being pilot tested Challenge for cities and counties who must go to state legislatures for authority to use automated enforcement

80 George Branyan Pedestrian Program Coordinator DC Department of Transportation Thank you!

81 Thank You! Archive at Downloadable/streaming recording and presentation slides Questions?