Overall project aim. Use of Geographic Information System to assess the impact of neighbourhood

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Cameron Webster
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Measuring the Built Environment using GIS Overall project aim Walkability index 1 Street Connectivity Residential Density Land Use Diversity and

impact of neighbourhood scale on different types of walking 1 Based on index developed by Larry Frank Neighbourhood scale (Learnihan, 27)

Use of Geographic Information System to assess the impact of neighbourhood scale on walking Data being discussed are unpublished.

1 Measuring the Built Environment using GIS Overall project aim Walkability index 1 Street Connectivity Residential Density Land Use Diversity and Intensity Retail Floor Area Ratio To assess neighbourhood walkability at different scales (suburb, CCD and 15 minute walk level); To study the impact of neighbourhood scale on different types of walking 1 Based on index developed by Larry Frank Neighbourhood scale (Learnihan, 27) Neighbourhood scale (Learnihan, 27) 15 minute walk Use of Geographic Information System to assess the impact of neighbourhood scale on walking Use of Geographic Information System to assess the impact of neighbourhood scale on walking Data being discussed are unpublished. Data being discussed are unpublished. Vincent Learnihan Supervisors: Kimberly Van Niel; Billie Giles-Corti Vincent Learnihan Supervisors: Kimberly Van Niel; Billie Giles-Corti 1

RA: Rosie Barnes GIS specialist: Bridget Beesley (1 FTE) Use of Geographic Information System to assess the impact of neighbourhood scale on walking Data being discussed are unpublished.

Population Earth & Architecture Exercise Inst.

Projects David Buttfield - GIS BGC PA & Fiona Bull Biostatistics Gary John Traffic Kimberly Patric de Velliers PA Spatial epi Demand Management Van Niel (Urban design) Jeff Kenworthy M Knuiman -

Learnihan (Transport transport and mobility branch Anna Timperio (GIS Masters) Sustainability (Safety Study) Mandurah Resort & Health PA Measurement Madura Tea PhD) Children & Video Ezy Gavin

Trevor Shilton Hayley Cutt PA practice and Trevor Shilton Alan Sheill Health (PhD Dogs & PA) Policy National Heart Foundation Economics of urban Sarah Foster (Walking & design NHMRC PA and children

2 RA: Rosie Barnes GIS specialist: Bridget Beesley (1 FTE) Use of Geographic Information System to assess the impact of neighbourhood scale on walking Data being discussed are unpublished. Vincent Learnihan Supervisors: Kimberly Van Niel; Billie Giles-Corti ARC Linkage Grant Loughborough UWA AI s Industry Supporters University UK Murdoch CI s CI CI s Partners Water Corporation Population Earth & Architecture Exercise Inst. -Rae Davy (Privacy Geographical Landscape Science Sustain- Health Officer) Sciences & Ability & Rob Molendyk - Admin Fine Arts Technology UWA DPI: Stuart McKnight Policy Max Bulsara Urban Design Projects David Buttfield - GIS BGC PA & Fiona Bull Biostatistics Gary John Traffic Kimberly Patric de Velliers PA Spatial epi Demand Management Van Niel (Urban design) Jeff Kenworthy M Knuiman - Measurement (GIS) (Transport) GIS Team Biostatistics (SEID II) (SEID II) Terri Pikora - PA Ryan Sponsors & Environment, Vince Falconer DPI: Alice Haning Personal Deakin Uni Atrium auditing (SEID II) Learnihan (Transport transport and mobility branch Anna Timperio (GIS Masters) Sustainability (Safety Study) Mandurah Resort & Health PA Measurement Madura Tea PhD) Children & Video Ezy Gavin McCormack Tim Adams Petcare Thomas Leong (PhD SEID II) Information and Advisory Stephanies Gary Chin Dept of Community Health Sciences Service Dog Study (GIS Honours) University of Calgary 1 NHF Trevor Shilton Hayley Cutt PA practice and Trevor Shilton Alan Sheill Health (PhD Dogs & PA) Policy National Heart Foundation Economics of urban Sarah Foster (Walking & design NHMRC PA and children -Transportation study Safety PhD) Health Economics - APAI: ARC Jacinta Francis (Urban design, social capital and mental health- PhD) CI=Chief Investigator; Centre AI=Associate for the Built Investigator Environment and Health 1 NHMRC grant submitted, ARC to be re-submitted November round Study aim Urban Design and Safety To investigate the relationship between urban design factors related to perceived safety and walking in the local neighbourhood Safety and Walking Study Sarah Foster Supervisors: Billie Giles-Corti; Matthew Knuiman Background Urban design features Neighbourhood safety can refer to traffic, unattended dogs, street lighting, infrastructure condition, disorder and crime Measurements of subjective crime-related safety focus on judgments about crime rather than emotional responses to crime Possible responses to fear of crime: constrained or protective behaviour Liveable Neighbourhoods aim to promote safety through activity and surveillance Natural surveillance House design (setbacks, porches/verandahs, back alleys, fencing, landscaping) Neighbourhood design (mixed density, houses overlooking POS) Street lighting Walkable neighbourhoods more surveillance from pedestrian traffic? 2

perceived crime Suburban incivilities (e.

victimization Protective and constrained

lots Concluding remarks Urban Design and

3 Neighbourhood condition Perceptions Physical incivilities (e.g. graffiti, litter, vandalism) Associated with increased crime, fear of crime, perceived crime Suburban incivilities (e.g. house, garden, lawn maintenance) Indicates place attachment and territoriality Questionnaire sent to participants Housing design and street surveillance Fear of crime Perceived risk from crime, Local problems, disorder and crime Experiences of victimization Protective and constrained behaviour Collective efficacy Environmental data Developed a Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) index Objective data POST data: surveillance from houses, incivilities, lighting Street audit for surveillance, incivilities, personalisation, maintenance Police crime statistics / newspaper content analysis Street lighting Houses with good visibility Verandah, porch or balcony walls, fences, hedges or borders No unkempt gardens No unkempt front lawns No vacant lots Concluding remarks Urban Design and Safety Safety and Walking Study Sarah Foster Supervisors: Billie Giles-Corti; Matthew Knuiman Data being discussed are unpublished. What impact do these features have on actual crime and local walking? Stay tuned 3

The built and mental health Improving Mental Health what role for

Directly Jacinta Francis Supervisors: Billie Giles-Corti; Lisa Wood

consequences Psychosocial processes Aim Social networks Social support

use and design of public places and psychosocial outcomes in residents of

Sense of place Methodology Hypothesis Focus groups Survey of participants

4 The built and mental health Improving Mental Health what role for neighbourhood design? Directly Jacinta Francis Supervisors: Billie Giles-Corti; Lisa Wood Indirectly by altering psychosocial processes with known mental health consequences Psychosocial processes Aim Social networks Social support Sense of community To investigate the relationship between the presence, use and design of public places and psychosocial outcomes in residents of new Estates in the Perth metropolitan area. Sense of place Methodology Hypothesis Focus groups Survey of participants Objective park data Content analysis of newspapers Public places that are easy to access, frequently utilized and well designed positive psychosocial outcomes better mental health. 4

5 Background Increasing physical activity through dog walking. What role for neighbourhood design? Hayley Cutt Supervisors: Billie Giles-Corti; Matthew Knuiman Level of dog ownership high Health benefits of pet ownership Dog owner vs non-owner walking levels Social and dog walking Physical and dog walking? baseline survey data (n=1813; 44% dog owners) Odds of sufficient PA according to dog ownership and dog walking frequency (Cutt et al, Am J Public Health 28) Odds of sufficient PA according to dog ownership and dog walking frequency % active at recommended level Odds Ratio 95% CI % active at recommended level Odds Ratio 95% CI Non-owner Reference Non-owner Reference Dog owner * Dog owner * walks per week walks per week walks per week * walks per week * walks per week * walks per week * Adjusted for gender, age, country of origin, education, occupation, mean age of children living at home <18 years, type of residence. Adjusted for gender, age, country of origin, education, occupation, mean age of children living at home <18 years, type of residence. The physical & dog walking Correlates of regular dog walking Cutt, H., Giles-Corti, B. & Knuiman, M. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 28, 5:17 Characteristic n OR 1 CI p value Perceived access to POS -supportive features Poor/average Good Park within 1.6km of home supportive features No Yes Adjusted for demographic, intra-personal, social al, and dog-specific factors 5

6 Correlates of regular dog walking Cutt, H., Giles-Corti, B. & Knuiman, M. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 28, 5:17 If we build it, they will come Characteristic n OR 1 CI p value Perceived access to POS -supportive features Poor/average Good Park within 1.6km of home supportive features No Yes Adjusted for demographic, intra-personal, social al, and dog-specific factors If we build it, will they come? Any evidence for targeting people and places? 6

7 Relative influence of factors associated with walking as recommended (adjusted for demographic factors) Relative influence of factors associated with walking as recommended (adjusted for demographic factors) Odds ratio Odds ratio Positive attitudes Supportive social Supportive physical Individual factors Supportive social Supportive physical Giles-Corti & Donovan, Am J Pub Health 23:93(9): Giles-Corti & Donovan, Am J Pub Health 23:93(9): Relative influence of factors associated with walking as recommended (adjusted for demographic factors) Prevalence of sufficient walking by joint influence of individual and al factors ( 5 times/week 15 minutes) Giles-Corti JSAMS 26 (9): Odds ratio Individual factors Supportive social Supportive physical Giles-Corti & Donovan, Am J Pub Health 23:93(9): % % Positive attitude 41.5% Supportive physical al Prevalence of sufficient walking by joint influence of individual and al factors ( 5 times/week 15 minutes) Giles-Corti JSAMS 26 (9): Prevalence of sufficient walking by joint influence of individual and al factors (5+ times/week 15 minutes/day) Giles-Corti JSAMS 26 (9): % % % % 27.9% Supportive physical al % % 27.9% 21.7% Supportive physical al Positive attitude Positive attitude 7

Odds of walking as recommended by joint influence individual & physical al factors 1 1 (Adjusted for age, sex, children under 18 at home, education, household income, work outside home, SES of area

8 Odds of walking as recommended by joint influence individual & physical al factors 1 1 (Adjusted for age, sex, children under 18 at home, education, household income, work outside home, SES of area of residence, social al factors). 2Reference category. Odds ratios Physical al factors Where to from here? Individual factors Centre for the Built Environment and Health opened November 27 Centre for the Built Environment and Health The Centre aims to do research that is: Policy-relevant Focussed on the built and walking, cycling, transportation choices Obesity Positive mental health Child development Other health outcomes Interdisciplinary Excellent Funded by: Centre Advisory Board Centre Chief Investigators Capacity Building Grant Chair: Mr Evan Jones Multiplex Dr Clarissa Ball ALVA UWA Dr Jo Clarkson Healthway Mr Jeremy Dawkins WAPC Ms Dorte Ekelund DPI Mr Greg Martin (Chair) Prof Osvaldo Almeida Professor Rob Donovan Ms Ruth Durack Ms Sue Leivers Heath Department WA Mr Charles Johnson CEO City of Wanneroo Mr Trevor Shilton Heart Ms Margie Tannock Foundation Minter Ellison Professor Matthew Knuiman Dr Kimberly Van Niel Prof Steve Zubrick 8

Chief Investigators on other projects * Associate Professor Max Bulsara Prof Fiona Bull Dr Liz Geelhoed Dr Terri Pikora Dr Anna Timperio Corporate partner: * Methods * Methods Statistical methods

9 Chief Investigators on other projects * Associate Professor Max Bulsara Prof Fiona Bull Dr Liz Geelhoed Dr Terri Pikora Dr Anna Timperio Corporate partner: * Methods * Methods Statistical methods Corporate partner: Corporate partner: * Methods * Methods Statistical methods Statistical methods Geographic Information Systems Geographic Information Systems Research Translation Corporate partner: Corporate partner: 9

10 Methods Statistical methods Statistical methods Geographic Information Systems Geographic Information Systems Research Translation Research Translation Economic analysis Not funded beyond 27 Sustainability Not funded beyond 27 To be funded To be funded Greetings from (some of) team WÉÇËà ãéüüç tuéâà à{x ãéüäw véå Çz àé tç xçw àéwtça \àëá täüxtwç àéåéüüéã Ç TâáàÜtÄ ta Charles Monroe Schulz Thank you for your attention For more information: * *Supported by an NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship and while in the USA, a Fulbright Senior Scholar Award 1

Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences. Centre for the Built Environment and Health

Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences Centre for the Built Environment and Health The TRavel, Environment and Kids (TREK) Project Preliminary findings report Project Collaborators and Industry Partners: