Importance of fasting on 10th of Muharram 'Ashura in Islam

Transcription

1 بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم ك ت اب ت ف س ري ال ق ر آن (ﷺ Prophetic Commentary on the Qur'an (Tafsir of the Prophet ب اب } ي ا أ ي ه ا ال ذ ين آم ن وا ك ت ب ع ل ي ك م ال صي ام ك ام ك ت ب ع لى ال ذ ين م ن ق ب ل ك م ل ع ل ك م ت تق ون { XXVI: "You who believe!, fasting is prescribed for you, as it was prescribed for those before you so that perhaps you will be God-fearing." (2:183) حديث: ح دث ن ا م س دد ح دث ن ا ي ح ي ى ع ن ع ب ي د الل ه ق ال أ خ بر ين ن اف ع ع ن اب ن ع م ر ر ضي الل ه ع ن ه ام ق ال ك ان ع اش ور اء ي ص وم ه أ ه ل ال ج اه ل ية ف ل ام ن ز ل ر م ض ان ق ال م ن ش اء ص ام ه و م ن ش اء ل م ي ص م ه Narrated Ibn `Umar الل ه ع ن ه ام :ر ضي Fasting was observed on the day of 'Ashura' (i.e. 10th of Muharram) by the people of the Pre-lslamic Period. But when in the month of Ramadan was revealed, the Prophet said, "It is up to one to fast on it (i.e. day of 'Ashura') or not. - MEaning, now this fast is voluntary. Before however people would have to observe the fast of Ashooraa. After the obligation of fasting in Ramadan, the fast of Ashura became voluntary حديث: ح دث ن ا ع ب د الل ه ب ن م ح مد ح دث ن ا اب ن ع ي ي ن ة ع ن ال زه ر ي ع ن ع ر و ة ع ن ع اي ش ة ر ضي الل ه ع ن ه ا ك ان ع اش ور اء ي ص ام ق ب ل ر م ض ان ف ل ام ن ز ل ر م ض ان ق ال م ن ش اء ص ام و م ن ش اء أ ف ط ر Narrated `Aisha الل ه ع ن ه ا :ر ضي The people used to fast on the day of 'Ashura' before fasting in Ramadan was prescribed but when (the order of compulsory fasting in) Ramadan was revealed, it was up to one to fast on it (i.e. 'Ashura') or not. حديث: ح دث ن ي م ح م ود أ خ بر ن ا ع ب ي د الل ه ع ن إ سر اي يل ع ن م ن ص ور ع ن إ ب ر اه يم ع ن ع ل ق م ة ع ن ع ب د الل ه ق ال د خ ل ع ل ي ه الا ش ع ث و ه و ي ط ع م ف ق ال ال ي و م ع اش ور اء ف ق ال ك ان ي ص ام ق ب ل أ ن ي ن ز ل ر م ض ان ف ل ام ن ز ل ر م ض ان ت ر ك ف اد ن ف ك ل Narrated `Abdullah (Ibn Masud): That Al-Ash'ath entered upon him while he was eating. Al-Ash'ath said, "Today is 'Ashura." I said (to him), "Fasting had been observed (on such a day) before (the order of compulsory fasting in) Ramadan was revealed. But when (the order of fasting in) Ramadan was revealed, fasting (on 'Ashura') was given up, so come and eat. - Meaning, break your fast and eat حديث: ح دث ن ي م ح مد ب ن ال م ث نى ح دث ن ا ي ح ي ى ح دث ن ا ه ش ام ق ال أ خ بر ين أ يب ع ن ع اي ش ة ر ضي الل ه ع ن ه ا ق ال ت ك ان ي و م ع اش ور اء ت ص وم ه ق ر ي ش في ال ج اه ل ية و ك ان ال نب ي ص لى الل ه ع ل ي ه و س ل م ي ص وم ه ف ل ام ق د م ال م د ين ة ص ام ه و أ م ر ب ص ي ام ه ف ل ام ن ز ل ر م ض ان ك ان ر م ض ان ال ف ر يض ة و ت ر ك ع اش ور اء ف ك ان م ن ش اء ص ام ه و م ن ش اء ل م ي ص م ه Narrated Aisha الل ه ع ن ه ا :ر ضي During the Pre-lslamic Period of ignorance the Quraish used to observe fasting on the day of 'Ashura', and the Prophet (ﷺ) himself used to observe fasting on it too. But when he came to Medina, he fasted on that day and ordered the Muslims to fast on it. When (the order of compulsory fasting in ) Ramadan was revealed, fasting in Ramadan became an obligation, and fasting on 'Ashura' was given up, and who ever wished to fast (on it) did so, and whoever did not wish to fast on it, did not fast. - So it was no longer obligatory - In these Ahadith we learn the importance of fasting on Ashura. The ninth is called Taasoo ah and the tenth is called Aashura Importance of fasting on 10th of Muharram 'Ashura in Islam ق ال ر س ول الل ه صلى الله عليه وسلم إ ن ع اش ور اء ي و م م ن أ ي ام الل ه ف م ن ش اء ص ام ه و م ن ش اء ت ر ك ه [صحیح مسلم: 2698 ] The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:'ashura is one of the days of Allah, so he who wished should observe fast and he who wished otherwise should abandon it.

2 - - So it is a very important day ع ن اب ن ع باس ر ضي الل ه ع ن ه ام ق ال م ا ر أ ي ت ال نب ي ﷺ ي ت ح رى ص ي ام ي و م ف ضل ه ع لى غ ري ه إ لا ه ذ ا ال ي و م ي و م ع اش ور اء و ه ذ ا ال شه ر ي ع ن ي ش ه ر ر م ض ان [صحیح البخاری: 2006 ] Narrated Ibn `Abbas ر ضي الل ه ع ن ه ام he said: I never saw the Prophet (ﷺ) seeking to fast on a day more (preferable to him) than this day, the day of 'Ashura', or this month, i.e. the month of Ramadan. - He (s) gave special importance to fasting on this day, even though it became voluntary - The people of Makkah and the JEws in MAdina both gave importance to this day أ ن ال نب ي ﷺ ل ام ق د م ال م د ين ة و ج د ه م ي ص وم ون ي و م ا ي ع ن ي ع اش ور اء ف ق ال وا ه ذ ا ي و م ع ظ يم و ه و ي و م ن جى الل ه ف يه م وسى و أ غ ر ق آل ف ر ع و ن ف ص ام م وسى ش ك ر ا ل ل ه ف ق ال أ ن ا أ و لى مب وسى م ن ه م ف ص ام ه و أ م ر ب ص ي ام ه [صحیح البخاری: 3397 ] When the Prophet (ﷺ) came to Medina, he found (the Jews) fasting on the day of 'Ashura' (i.e. 10th of Muharram). They used to say: "This is a great day on which Allah saved Moses and drowned the folk of Pharaoh. Moses observed the fast on this day, as a sign of gratitude to Allah." The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "I am closer to Moses than they." So, he observed the fast (on that day) and ordered the Muslims to fast on it. - The Prophet (s) was closer to Musa (a) than the Bani ISrael, since they did not follow him the way they should have - Even the children would observe fast this day: ع ن ال رب يع ب ن ت م ع وذ ق ال ت أ ر س ل ال نب ي ﷺ غ د اة ع اش ور اء إ لى ق ر ى الا ن ص ار م ن أ ص ب ح م ف ط ر ا ف ل ي ت م ب ق ية ي و م ه و م ن أ ص ب ح ص امئ ا ف لي ص م ق ال ت ف ك نا ن ص وم ه ب ع د و ن ص وم ص ب ي ان ن ا و ن ج ع ل ل ه م الل ع ب ة م ن ال ع ه ن ف ا ذ ا ب ىك أ ح د ه م ع لى الط ع ام أ ع ط ي ن اه ذ اك ح تى ي ك ون ع ن د الا ف ط ار [صحیح البخاری: 1960 ] Narrated Rubi' bint Mu'awadh she said: "The Prophet (ﷺ) sent a messenger to the village of the Ansar in the morning of the day of 'Ashura' (10th of Muharram) to announce: 'Whoever has eaten something should not eat but complete the fast, and whoever is observing the fast should complete it.' "She further said, "Since then we used to fast on that day regularly and also make our children fast. We used to make toys of wool for them and if anyone of them cried for, he was given those toys till it was the time of the breaking of the fast. - Sometimes you have to distract children and sometimes you have to distract yourself. Occupy yourself with something so that you can accomplish your goals. You can give a candy to a child and help him forget his crying. So you also have to do this with yourself. - LEarn how to convince people and stop them from the wrong they are determined upon. ع ن ج اب ر ب ن س م ر ة - رضى الله عنه - ق ال ك ان ر س ول الل ه ﷺ ي ا م ر ن ا ب ص ي ام ي و م ع اش ور اء و ي ح ثن ا ع ل ي ه و ي ت ع اه د ن ا ع ن د ه ف ل ام ف ر ض ر م ض ان ل م ي ا م ر ن ا و ل م ي ن ه ن ا و ل م ي ت ع اه د ن ا ع ن د ه. [صحیح مسلم: 2708 ] Jabir bin Samura رضى الله عنه reported that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) commanded us to observe fast on the day of Ashura and exhorted us to do it and was particular about it But when (fasting) in Ramadan was made obligatory, he henceforth neither commanded us nor forbade us, nor was he so particular about it. عن ع ب د الل ه ب ن ع باس رضى الله عنهام ي ق ول ح ني ص ام ر س ول الل ه صلى الله عليه وسلم ي و م ع اش ور اء و أ م ر ب ص ي ام ه ق ال وا ي ا ر س ول الل ه إ ن ه ي و م ت ع ظ م ه ال ي ه ود و ال نص ار ى. ف ق ال ر س ول الل ه صلى الله عليه وسلم ف ا ذ ا ك ان ال ع ام ال م ق ب ل إ ن ش اء الل ه ص م ن ا ال ي و م ال تاس ع. ق ال ف ل م ي ا ت ال ع ام ال م ق ب ل ح تى ت و فى ر س ول الل ه صلى الله عليه وسلم. [صحیح مسلم: 2722 ] Ibn رضى الله عنهامAbbas ' reported that when the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) fasted on the day of 'Ashura and commanded that it should he observed as a fast, they (his Companions) said to him: Messenger of Allah, it is a day which the Jews and Christians hold in high esteem. Thereupon the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: When the next year comes, God willing, we would observe fast on the 9th But the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) died before the advent of the next year.

3 ع ن ع ب د الل ه ب ن ع باس رضى الله عنهام ق ال ق ال ر س ول الل ه صلى الله عليه وسلم ل ي ن ب ق يت إ لى ق اب ل لا ص وم ن ال تاس ع. و فى ر و اي ة أ ىب ب ك ر ق ال ي ع ن ى ي و م ع اش ور اء [صحیح مسلم: 2723 ] Abdullah bin رضى الله عنهامAbbas ' reported that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) had said: If I live till the next (year), I would definitely observe fast on the 9th, and the narration transmitted by Abu Bakr is:" He meant the day of Ashura. - Perhaps his intention was to fast on the ninth instead of the tenth. - Or that he intended to fast not only on the tenth, but on the ninth with it also. This is better - Fasting the tenth and the 11th is not correct though. All the narrations about it are weak. So we learn about the fasting on the 9th and 10th or one of the two. - Many of us are afraid of fasting. If you fast you wont die, so once you keep the Qirst fast then keeping the second one becomes easy also ب اب ق و ل ه } أ ي ام ا م ع د ود ات ف م ن ك ان م ن ك م م ر يض ا أ و ع لى س ف ر ف ع دة م ن أ ي ام أ خ ر و ع لى ال ذ ين ي ط يق ون ه ف د ي ة ط ع ام م س ك ني ف م ن ت ط وع خ ري ا ف ه و خ ري ل ه و أ ن ت ص وم وا خ ري ل ك م إ ن ك ن ت م ت ع ل م ون { XXVII: His words, "(Fasting) for a specified number of days. But any of you who are ill or on a journey should fast a number of other days. For those who are able to fast (but do not wish to), the reparation is to feed the poor. And if someone does good of his own accord, it is better for him. But that you should fast is better for you, if you only knew." (2:184) - If a person falls ill in Ramadan or is travelling then he should complete the missed fasts after Ramadan - This (those who do not wish to fast ) was the initial command, and was later abrogated. و ق ال ع ط اء ي ف ط ر م ن ال م ر ض ك ل ه ك ام ق ال الل ه ت ع الى Ata' (Ibn Abi Rabaah, the Taba i) said, "It can be broken on account of any illness as Allah Almighty has said. - Meaning, a fast can be left because of any illness: whatever that illness may be و ق ال ال ح س ن و إ ب ر اه يم في ال م ر ض ع أ و ال ح ام ل إ ذ ا خ اف ت ا ع لى أ ن ف س ه ام أ و و ل د ه ام ت ف ط ر ان ث م ت ق ض ي ان و أ ما ال شي خ ال ك ب ري إ ذ ا ل م ي ط ق ال صي ام ف ق د أ ط ع م أ ن س ب ع د م ا ك بر ع ام ا أ و ع ام ني ك ل ي و م م س ك ين ا خ ب ز ا و ل ح ام و أ ف ط ر ق ر اء ة ال ع ا مة } ي ط يق ون ه { و ه و أ ك رث Al-Hasan and Ibrahim said about the nursing woman and the pregnant woman, "If they fear for themselves or their child, they break the fast and then make it up. As for the very old person, when he is unable to fast, [he feeds people]. After he was elderly, for one or two years, Anas used to feed a poor person every day with meat and bread when he did not fast. The common reading which is more frequent is yutîqûnahu (and not laa yuteeqoonahu). - So in any kind of illness one may leave the fast and make it up later. However you all know how difqicult it can be to make up the fasts later. So this is an opinion - It has also been said that this verse is about the nursing / pregnant woman who fears for herself or her baby, so she can make up the fasts later - The old person is not able to make up the fasts later so he will simply give the Qidya وقال الشيخ ابن عثيمني :فيجب على المريض المستمر مرضه وعلى الكبري من ذكر وأنثى إذا عجزوا عن الصوم أن يطعموا عن كل يوم مسكينا سواء إطعاما بتمليك با ن يدفع إلى الفقراء هذا الا طعام أو كان الا طعام بالدعوة يدعو مساكني بعدد أيام الشهر فيعشيهم كام كان أنس بن مالك رضي الله عنه يفعل حني كبر صار يجمع ثلاثني مسكينا فيعشيهم فيكون ذلك بدلا عن صوم الشهر" اه.[فتاوى الصيام (ص 111 )] The amount of Fidya; Food for a day (or night) said: An aged and continually ailing person, be it man or woman, who is unable to fast, is obligated الشيخ ابن عثيمني to feed a destitute in return for every abandoned fast.

4 This can be given to the poor in the form of food grain, or the person can feed the impoverished with a cooked meal. The food distribution can be in the form of an invitation, in which arrangement can be made according to the number of days of the month, whereby the impoverished can be offered a supper/late meal. (This can be in Ramadan or after RAmadan) Like Ans bin Malik used to do in his old age: He would gather 30 impoverished people and feed them a meal as a substitute for not fasting the whole month of Ramadan. If a person is unable to give the fidya and is unable to fast then he has to do nothing. قال ابن قدامة :"ال شي خ ال ك ب ري و ال ع ج وز إذ ا ك ان ي ج ه د ه ام ال صو م, و ي ش ق ع ل ي ه ام م ش قة ش د يد ة, ف ل ه ام أ ن ي ف ط ر ا و ي ط ع ام ل ك ل ي و م م س ك ين ا... ف ا ن ك ان ع اج ز ا ع ن الا ط ع ام أ ي ض ا ف لا شي ء ع ل ي ه و (لا ي ك ل ف الل ه ن ف س ا إلا و س ع ه ا)... و ال م ر يض ال ذ ي لا ي ر ج ى ب ر ؤ ه ي ف ط ر, و ي ط ع م ل ك ل ي و م م س ك ين ا لا ن ه في م ع ن ى ال شي خ ["المغني" (4/396)] If a person does not have the strength/resources to offer fidya, then he bears no responsibility said: If it is not possible for an old man or an old woman to fast and it (the fast) bears down on them ابن قدامة heavily, then it is permitted for them to abstain from the fast, however, they should feed an impoverished person every day as a substitute. And if they are unable to feed anyone then they bear no responsibility. لا ي ك ل ف الل ه ن ف س ا إلا و س ع ه ا (البقرة: 286 ) Allah does not charge a soul except [with that within] its capacity... and the person who is on his deathbed and continually ailing, so he does not fast, he should feed a hungry person every day because he is also ranked as an old person. But the children / relatives can help him. And if they are themselves needy then they dont. Like the person who was to give kaffaarah and he could not afford it, when he was given the food to distribute he said he was himself in need, so the Prophet (s) told him to take the food and eat it and feed it to his family. حديث: ح دث ن ي إ س ح اق أ خ بر ن ا ر و ح ح دث ن ا ز ك ر ي اء ب ن إ س ح اق ح دث ن ا ع م ر و ب ن د ين ار ع ن ع ط اء س م ع اب ن ع ب اس ي ق ر أ و ع لى ال ذ ين ي ط وق ون ه ف لا ي ط يق ون ه } ف د ي ة ط ع ام م س ك ني { ق ال اب ن ع باس ل ي س ت مب ن س وخ ة ه و ال شي خ ال ك ب ري و ال م ر أ ة ال ك ب ري ة لا ي س ت ط يع ان أ ن ي ص وم ا ف ي ط ع ام ن م ك ان ك ل ي و م م س ك ين ا Narrated 'Ata: That he heard Ibn `Abbas reciting the Divine Verse: { ف د ي ة ط ع ام م س ك ني } "And for those who can fast they had a choice either fast, or feed a poor for every day.." (2.184) Ibn `Abbas said, "This Verse is not abrogated, but it is meant for old men and old women who have no strength to fast, so they should feed one poor person for each day of fasting (instead of fasting) - For every missed fast the old man or woman will feed the poor person. Old age brings continuous weakness that does not go away with exercise, vitamins or medication. There is only gradual decline. So in this case there is allowance - The nursing / pregnant woman also Qinds herself weak, the childs health can be affected. So she can leave the fast and make it up later. - The amount of Qidyah ب اب } ف م ن ش ه د م ن ك م ال شه ر ف ل ي ص م ه { XXVIII: "Any of you who are resident for the month should fast it." (2:185) - Meaning, fasting is mandatory حديث: ح دث ن ا ع ياش ب ن ال و ل يد ح دث ن ا ع ب د الا ع لى ح دث ن ا ع ب ي د الل ه ع ن ن اف ع ع ن اب ن ع م ر ر ضي الل ه ع ن ه ام أ ن ه ق ر أ } ف د ي ة ط ع ام م س اك ني { ق ال ه ي م ن س وخ ة Narrated Nafi`: Ibn `Umar ر ضي الل ه ع ن ه ام recited: "They had a choice, either fast or feed a poor for every day.." and added, { ف د ي ة ط ع ام م س اك ني } "This Verse is abrogated. حديث: 34

5 ح دث ن ا ق ت ي ب ة ح دث ن ا ب ك ر ب ن م ضر ع ن ع م ر و ب ن ال ح ار ث ع ن ب ك ري ب ن ع ب د الل ه ع ن ي ز يد م و لى س ل م ة ب ن الا ك و ع ع ن س ل م ة ق ال ل ام ن ز ل ت } و ع لى ال ذ ين ي ط يق ون ه ف د ي ة ط ع ام م س ك ني { ك ان م ن أ ر اد أ ن ي ف ط ر و ي ف ت د ي ح تى ن ز ل ت الا ي ة ال ت ي ب ع د ه ا ف ن س خ ت ه ا ق ال أ ب و ع ب د الل ه م ات ب ك ري ق ب ل ي ز يد Narrated Salama: When the Divine Revelation: "For those who can fast, they had a choice either fast, or feed a poor for every day," (2.184) was revealed, it was permissible for one to give a ransom and give up fasting, till the Verse succeeding it was revealed and abrogated it. Abu 'Abdullah said that Bukayr died before Yazid. - If there is any question youd like to ask you may do so - After giving the Qidyah you Qind yourself able to fast then what should you do? There is difference of opinion: - Since the Qidya has been given the fast will not be observed - Since the verse is abrogated, and later it was revealed and that you fast is better then you should observe the fasts also - IF someone dies without having made up their missed fasts, then the Qidyah should be given or the children / heirs can keep the fasts - 1 meal is obligatory, and giving more than one is also good. - So a pregnant woman can give Qidyah for the missed fasts, and later in life if she is able to fast she may do so - Give Qidyah money only for Qidyah, because it is the right of the needy. A masjids expenses cannot be covered by Qidyah money. Once you give the money to the needy person for food then it is up to him as to what he does with it - IbnAbbas made Ash ath break the fast of Ashura, to make it clear that the fast was voluntary. IT was obligatory before, but not any more. If you are observing a voluntary fast and someone calls you to eat then you should break the fast and eat with them. Breaking the fast in this situation is better. It is heavy on the person who is eating to eat alone, especially while you are fasting in front of them. InshaAllah you will be rewarded for your intention and effort ب اب } أ ح ل ل ك م ل ي ل ة ال صي ام ال رف ث إ لى ن س اي ك م ه ن ل ب اس ل ك م و أ ن ت م ل ب اس ل ه ن ع ل م الل ه أ ن ك م ك ن ت م ت خ ت ان ون أ ن ف س ك م ف ت اب ع ل ي ك م و ع ف ا ع ن ك م ف الا ن ب اشر وه ن و اب ت غ وا م ا ك ت ب الل ه ل ك م { XXIX: "On the night of the fast it is lawful for you to have sexual relations with your wives. They are clothing for you and you for them. Allah knows that you have been betraying yourselves and He has turned towards you and excused you. Now you may have sexual intercourse with them and seek what Allah has written for you (meaning pleasure or children). (2:187) حديث: ح دث ن ا ع ب ي د الل ه ع ن إ سر اي يل ع ن أ يب إ س ح اق ع ن ال بر اء ح و ح دث ن ا أ ح م د ب ن ع ث ام ن ح دث ن ا شر ي ح ب ن م س ل م ة ق ال ح دث ن ي إ ب ر اه يم ب ن ي وس ف ع ن أ ب يه ع ن أ يب إ س ح اق ق ال س م ع ت ال بر اء ر ضي الل ه ع ن ه ل ام ن ز ل ص و م ر م ض ان ك ان وا لا ي ق ر ب ون ال نس اء ر م ض ان ك ل ه و ك ان ر ج ال ي خ ون ون أ ن ف س ه م ف ا ن ز ل الل ه {ع ل م الل ه أ ن ك م ك ن ت م ت خ ت ان ون أ ن ف س ك م ف ت اب ع ل ي ك م و ع ف ا ع ن ك م { Narrated Bara' الل ه ع ن ه :ر ضي When the order of compulsory fasting of Ramadan was revealed, the people did not have sexual relations with their wives for the whole month of Ramadan, but some men cheated themselves (by violating that restriction - because there was no clear prohibition or permission revealed regarding the nights of Ramadan). So Allah revealed: "Allah is aware that you were deceiving yourselves but He accepted your repentance and forgave you.." (2.187) - So now He has clariqied the matter for you and forgiven you what you did before, and made things easier for you by allowing you

6 - Initially, once a person slept in the night he was no longer able to eat or have sexual relations. Now permission was granted وكان رجال يخونون أنفسهم فا نزل الله عز وجل } ع ل م الل ه أ ن ك م ك ن ت م ت خ ت ان ون أ ن ف س ك م ف ت اب ع ل ي ك م و ع ف ا ع ن ك م { كان المسلمون إذا صاموا رمضان فنام أحدهم في الليل مل يجز له أن يا كل بعد انتباهه ولا أن يغشى أهله فا نزلت هذه الا ية وأبيح لهم ما منعوا منه [كشف المشكل من حديث الصحيحني] ب اب ق و ل ه } و ك ل وا و اشر ب وا ح تى ي ت ب ني ل ك م ال خ ي ط الا ب ي ض م ن ال خ ي ط الا س و د م ن ال ف ج ر ث م أ مت وا ال صي ام إ لى الل ي ل و لا ت ب اشر وه ن و أ ن ت م ع اك ف ون في ال م س اج د إ لى ق و ل ه ي تق ون { } ال ع اك ف { ال م ق يم XXX: "Eat and drink until you can clearly discern the white thread from the black thread of the dawn Then complete the fast until the night appears. But do not have sexual intercourse with them while you are in retreat in the mosques." (2:187) "'Akif" (22:25) means resident. - Meaning, the one who is observing Itikaf in the last ten nights of Ramadan must refrain from sexual relations - Aakifoon: plural: spending the last nights of Ramadan in the masjid is beautiful, even if you just go for qiyam, praying in congregation حديث: ح دث ن ا م وسى ب ن إ س ام ع يل ح دث ن ا أ ب و ع و ان ة ع ن ح ص ني ع ن ال شع ب ي ع ن ع د ي ق ال أ خ ذ ع د ي ع ق الا أ ب ي ض و ع ق الا أ س و د ح تى ك ان ب ع ض الل ي ل ن ظ ر ف ل م ي س ت ب ين ا ف ل ام أ ص ب ح ق ال ي ا ر س ول الل ه ج ع ل ت ت ح ت و س اد ي ع ق ال ني ق ال إ ن و س اد ك إ ذ ا ل ع ر يض أ ن ك ان ال خ ي ط الا ب ي ض و الا س و د ت ح ت و س اد ت ك Narrated Ash-Shu`bi: `Adi took a white rope (or thread) and a black one, and when some part of the night had passed, he looked at them but he could not distinguish one from the other. The next morning he said, "O Allah's Apostle! I put (a white thread and a black thread) underneath my pillow." The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Then your pillow is too wide if the white thread (of dawn) and the black thread (of the night) are underneath your pillow! - Meaning, what is meant here is the horizon where you see the light and darkness حديث: ح دث ن ا ق ت ي ب ة ب ن س ع يد ح دث ن ا ج ر ير ع ن م ط رف ع ن ال شع ب ي ع ن ع د ي ب ن ح ات م ر ضي الل ه ع ن ه ق ال ق ل ت ي ا ر س ول الل ه م ا } ال خ ي ط الا ب ي ض م ن ال خ ي ط الا س و د { أ ه ام ال خ ي ط ان ق ال إ ن ك ل ع ر يض ال ق ف ا إ ن أ ب صر ت ال خ ي ط ني ث م ق ال لا ب ل ه و س و اد الل ي ل و ب ي اض ال نه ار Narrated `Adi bin Hatim الل ه ع ن ه :ر ضي I said, "O Allah's Messenger!(ﷺ) What is the meaning of the white thread distinct from the black thread? Are these two threads?" He said, "You are a thick-head if you watch the two threads." He then added, "No, it is the darkness of the night and the whiteness of the day. - areedul qafaa: qafaa is the back of the neck, and what is meant by wide in the back of the head means unintelligent - Of course, he said this lovingly حديث: ح دث ن ا اب ن أ يب م ر ي م ح دث ن ا أ ب و غ سان م ح مد ب ن م ط رف ح دث ن ي أ ب و ح از م ع ن س ه ل ب ن س ع د ق ال و أ ن ز ل ت } و ك ل وا و اشر ب وا ح تى ي ت ب ني ل ك م ال خ ي ط الا ب ي ض م ن ال خ ي ط الا س و د { و ل م ي ن ز ل } م ن ال ف ج ر { و ك ان ر ج ال إ ذ ا أ ر اد وا ال صو م ر ب ط أ ح د ه م في ر ج ل ي ه ال خ ي ط الا ب ي ض و ال خ ي ط الا س و د و لا ي ز ال ي ا ك ل ح تى ي ت ب ني ل ه ر ؤ ي ت ه ام ف ا ن ز ل الل ه ب ع د ه } م ن ال ف ج ر { ف ع ل م وا أ من ا ي ع ن ي الل ي ل م ن ال نه ار Narrated Sahl bin Sa`d The Verse "And eat and drink until the white thread appears to you distinct: from the black thread." was revealed, but: '... of dawn' was not revealed (along with it) so some men, when intending to fast, used to tie their legs, one with white thread and the other with black thread and would keep on eating till they could distinguish one thread from the other. Then Allah revealed'... of dawn,' whereupon they understood that meant the night and the day. - so this is not sunrise, but tuloo ul fajr

7 - if the adhan is made at the time of tuloo ul fajr then you should stop eating. if the adhan begins late, after the time as entered then stop eating before the adhan. ب اب ق و ل ه } و ل ي س ال بر ب ا ن ت ا ت وا ال ب ي وت م ن ظ ه ور ه ا و ل ك ن ال بر م ن ات ق ى و أ ت وا ال ب ي وت م ن أ ب و اب ه ا و ات ق وا الل ه ل ع ل ك م ت ف ل ح ون { XXXI: "It is not devoutness for you to enter houses by the back. Rather devoutness is possessed by those who fear Allah. So come to houses by their doors and fear Allah, so that perhaps you will be successful." (2:189) حديث: ح دث ن ا ع ب ي د الل ه ب ن م وسى ع ن إ سر اي يل ع ن أ يب إ س ح اق ع ن ال بر اء ق ال ك ان وا إ ذ ا أ ح ر م وا في ال ج اه ل ية أ ت و ا ال ب ي ت م ن ظ ه ر ه ف ا ن ز ل الل ه } و ل ي س ال بر ب ا ن ت ا ت وا ال ب ي وت م ن ظ ه ور ه ا و ل ك ن ال بر م ن ات ق ى و أ ت وا ال ب ي وت م ن أ ب و اب ه ا { Narrated Bara: In the Pre-lslamic Period when the people assumed Ihram, they would enter their houses from the back. So Allah revealed:-- "And it is not righteousness that you enter houses from the back, but the righteous man is he who fears Allah, obeys His Orders and keeps away from what He has forbidden. So enter houses through their doors." (2.189) - Enter from the right door - Islam eliminated superstition and made peoples lives easier. The deen is practical - HAs it ever happened with you that you left your home, reached the airport and realized you did not have your passport? The people in Jahiliyyah would not enter the home in a situation like this from the main door, they would jumo over the back wall. Now on the one hand you arein trouble (otherwise you wouldnt come home) and on the other hand you cant enter from the main door does it make sense? no. So in our deen things are logical, practical. For instance, at a wedding, people through rice or oil on the door, make the bride walk under the Quran. - Such fabrications should be eliminated from our lives and we should observe simplicity and be practical - They considered it an ibadah, a good deed to enter the house from back. But Allah makes it clear that this is not righteousness. BEcause He did not legislate this. - Of the principals in our deen: this should be a rule of life: Enter the hosue from the right door: adopt the right course in order to reach the destination. Meaning, adopt the designated path to reach your goals. For example, in our deen if we start inventing things to earn reward, then we will be innovating. Enter the deen fully, through the door of Quran and sunnah so follow the Quran and Sunnah. Obey Allah, His Messenger. Other doors will not lead you to the right destination. There is only one door, one path that will lead you to the right destination. - So do things the right way. If you want to become a hockey player, then dont go on mastering basketball. If you want to serve the deen then learn it. - If you dont know how to use the knife properly then you cant work in the kitchen you dont just cut and butcher vegetables as you please. If you dont observe the right manner then there will be no beauty in your actions. This ruins the fun in things. - So if you dont manage your kitchen properly, your home your family will not function properly. For example, many women complain that their husbands are strict or get angry quickly and the root cause may very well be that she is messy and does not manage the house well. So do things the right way. - If you put in the wrong password again and again, things will get worse - If you cheat people in your business, people will not get decieved by you again and again

8 - Sometimes, we see the possibility of completing our work right away, so we seek shortcuts, and cut corners but this is not the way of getting things done - you dont learn the deen from social media or listening to random people. You learn it by studying the Quran, the Sunnah - Solve problems properly also. For example, you have a problem with one person but yell at another, will it solve the problem? never. You have to talk to the person causing the problem. with wisdom. make them realize. if you use force to untie a knot, it will get worse. so if you use force to solve problems with people, things will get worse - A man once complained to IbnulJauzi that my wife does not respect me. He said check yourself, what is your fault that she does not respect you? - so instead of complaining about people, try to solve the problem correctly - This also teaches us that we should avoid innovations, instead of inventing our own ways of worship let us do what Allah approves of. You might think its good but in reality it is not, because Allah never legislated it. - Do things the way they are supposed to be done: avoid unnecessary strictness - neither be overly strict nor be overly lenient - Acquire ilm through learning, so tell people something only when you know, otherwise you will go astray and lead others astray - Allah loves people who strive together in rows: so be united, dont be haphazard in your work - No matter how good our intentions may be, they are not enough the way and method has to be correct also. And the right method has to be learnt. If something went wrong it means we did not do the work properly. USe the right method, adopt the right way. - Its possible that tomorrows class will be in the main-hall or online, because of the work on the roof. قال العلامة السعدي رحمه الله:وكل من تعبد بعبادة مل يشرعها الله ولا رسوله فهو م تعبد ببدعة وأمرهم أن يا توا البيوت من أبوابها لما فيه من السهولة عليهم التي هي قاعدة من قواعد الشرع [تفسري السعدي: 88 ] Allama Sa adi رحمه الله said: Every person who worships Allah in a manner that is not prescribed by Allah and His Messenger then he is observing an innovation. Allah has ordained that people should enter the houses from their doors as there is convenience in it for them. This is one of the rules from the regulations of Sharia. ر ب أ و ز ع ن ي أ ن أ ش ك ر ن ع م ت ك ال ت ي أ ن ع م ت ع لي و ع لى و ال د ي و أ ن أ ع م ل ص ال ح ا ت ر ض اه و أ د خ ل ن ي ب ر ح م ت ك في ع ب اد ك ال صال ح ني (النمل: 19 ) "My Lord, enable me to be grateful for Your favor which You have bestowed upon me and upon my parents and to do righteousness of which You approve. And admit me by Your mercy into [the ranks of] Your righteous servants. أ لا و إ ىن ت ار ك ف يك م ث ق ل ني أ ح د ه ام ك ت اب الل ه ع ز و ج ل ه و ح ب ل الل ه م ن ات ب ع ه ك ان ع لى ال ه د ى و م ن ت ر ك ه ك ان ع لى ض لا ل ة [صحيح مسلم: 6381 ] Prophet (ﷺ) said: Behold, for I am leaving amongst you two weighty things, one of which is the Book of Allah, the Exalted and Glorious, and that is the rope of Allah. He who holds it fast would be on right guidance and he who abandons it would be in error,

9 ع ن ال نب ي ﷺ ق ال إ ن ال دين ي سر و ل ن ي ش ا د ال دين أ ح د إ لا غ ل ب ه ف س دد وا و ق ار ب وا [صحیح البخاری: 39 ] The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Religion is very easy and whoever overburdens himself in his religion will not be able to continue in that way. إ من ا ال ع ل م ب ال تع ل م [السلسلة الصحيحة: 342 ] Allah s Messenger (ﷺ) said: Indeed, knowledge is gained through learning.