1 ST TERM S NOTES 3 RD ESO

Transcription

1 1 ST TERM S NOTES 3 RD ESO BADMINTON HISTORY T understand the Histry f Badmintn, first yu need t understand varius games that were played lng befre Badmintn. In the 5th century BC, the peple in china then played a game called ti jian zi. A direct translatin frm this wrd 'ti jian zi' is kicking the shuttle. As the name suggest, the bjective f the game is t keep the shuttle frm hitting the grund withut using hand. Whether this sprt has anything t d with the Histry f Badmintn is up fr debate. It was hwever the first game that uses a Shuttle. Abut five centuries later, a game named Battledre and Shuttlecck was played in china, Japan, India and Greece. This is a game where yu use the Battledre (a paddle) t hit the Shuttlecck back and frth. By the 16th century, it has becme a ppular game amng children in England. In Eurpe this game was knwn as jeu de vlant t them. In the 1860s, a game named Pna was played in India. This game is much like the Battledre and Shuttlecck but with an added net. The British army learned this game in India and tk the equipments back t England during the 1870s. In 1873, the Duke f Beaufrt held a lawn party in his cuntry place, Badmintn. A game f Pna was played n that day and became ppular amng the British sciety's elite. The new party sprt became knwn as "the Badmintn game". In 1877, the Bath Badmintn Club was frmed and develped the first fficial set f rules. The Internatinal Badmintn Federatin (IBF) was frmed in 1934 with 9 funding members: England, Ireland, Sctland, Wales, Denmark, Hlland, Canada, New Zealand and France. Since then, majr internatinal turnaments like the Thmas Cup (Men) and Uber Cup (Wmen) were held. Badmintn was fficially granted Olympic status in the 1992 Barcelna Games. Frm 9 funding members, IBF nw have ver 150 member cuntries. The future f Badmintn lks bright indeed.

2 THE COURT BASIC PRINCIPLES - Object f the game The bject f badmintn is t hit the shuttlecck ver the net and have it land in the designated curt areas. If yur ppnent manages t return the shuttlecck then a rally ccurs. If yu win this rally, then yu win a pint. Yu are required t win 21 pints t win a set with mst matches being best f 3 sets. Pints can be wn n either serve. - Scring A pint is scred when yu successfully hit the shuttlecck ver the net and land it in yur ppnent s curt befre they hit it. A pint can als be gained when yur ppnent hits the shuttlecck int either the net r utside the parameters. T win a game yu must reach 21 pints befre yur ppnent. If yu d s then yu will have wn that set. If the scres are tied at then it cmes dwn t whichever player manages t get tw clear pints ahead. If the pints are still tied at then the next pint will decide the winner f the set. Winning the verall game will require yu t win 2 ut f the 3 sets played. - Main rules A game can take place with either tw (singles) r fur (dubles) players. An fficial match has t be played indrs n the prper curt dimensins. T scre a pint the shuttlecck must hit within the parameters f the ppnents curt. If the shuttlecck hits the net r lands ut then a pint is awarded t yur ppnent. Players must serve diagnally acrss the net t their ppnent. As pints are wn then serving statins mve frm ne side t the ther. There are n secnd serves s if yur first serve ges ut then yur ppnent wins the pint. A serve must be hit underarm and belw the servers waist. N verarm serves are allwed.

3 Each game will start with a tss t determine which player will serve first and which side f the curt the ppnent wuld like t start frm. Once the shuttlecck is live then a player may mve arund the curt as they wish. They are permitted t hit the shuttlecck frm ut f the playing area. If a player tuches the net with any part f their bdy r racket then it is deemed a fault and their ppnent receives the pint. A fault is als called if a player deliberately distracts their ppnent, the shuttlecck is caught in the racket then flung, the shuttlecck is hit twice r if the player cntinues t infract with the laws f badmintn. Each game is umpired by a referee n a high chair wh verlks the game. There are als line judges wh mnitr if the shuttlecck lands in r nt. The referee has verriding calls n infringements and faults. Let may be called by the referee if an unfreseen r accidental circumstance arse. These may include the shuttlecck getting stuck in the bet, server serving ut f turn, ne player was nt ready r a decisin which is t clse t call. The game has nly tw rest perids cming the frm f a 90 secnd rest after the first game and a 5 minute rest perid after the secnd game. If the laws are cntinuusly brken by a player then the referee hlds the pwer t dck that player f pints with persisting fuls receiving a frfeit f the set r even the match. - Types f hits 1. Clear. 2. Drp. 3. Smash. 4. Drive. 5. Net drp. 6. Lb.

4 THE MUSCLES Masseter Pectral Rectus abdminis Ilipsas Back deltid Biceps Serratus External blique Trapezius Frnt deltid Triceps Latissimus drsi Rectus femris Vastus medialis Tibialis anterir Adductr lngus Gluteus medias Gluteus maximus Vastus lateralis Sleus Biceps femris Semitendinsus Semimembransus Gastrcnemius Achilles tendn (t) - Hamstrings Semitendinsus, semimembransus, biceps femris. - Quads Vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, rectus femris, (vastus intermedius).

5 THE BONES Cranium Clavicle Cervical vertebras Humerus True ribs Sternum Scapula Thracic vertebras False ribs Flating rib Radius Ulna Lumbar vertebras Carpals Sacrum Metacarpals Pelvis Cccyx Phalanges Fibula Ilium Femur Tibia Metatarsals Tarsals Phalanges - Cervical vertebras (C1-C7) - Thracic vertebras (T1-T12) - Lumbar vertebra (L1-L5)

6 BASIC PHYSICAL CAPACITIES - Endurance Endurance helps yur muscles t wrk fr a lng perid f time. It is als called Stamina r Resistance. With it, yu can d exercises fr a lnger perid, n matter the intensity. There are tw types f Stamina, Resistance r Endurance: Aerbic and Anaerbic. During Aerbic activity, yur heart and lungs give yur muscles plenty f xygen, and yu can d exercise fr lng perids f time at a medium intensity. (marathn, cycling...) During Anaerbic activity, yur muscles dn t have enugh xygen. These exercises are shrter but have a very high intensity (100m sprint, a basketball attack). With anaerbic stamina, yu can d these exercises faster and get tired later. Benefits f regular stamina training: Yur heart grws larger and thicker Yu have mre capillary. Yur breathing capacity increases. It s easier t maintain yur ideal weight. Aerbic Exercise is very gd fr yur health. It develps yur heart, yur lungs and yur circulatry system. - Strength Strength is the ability t use muscles against a resistance (a frce r a weight). With it, yu can mve r lift weights, and yu can mve yur bdy weight mre easily. There are three types f strength: Maximum strength: t lift very high weights: the best example are Olympic weightlifters. Explsive strength: t d a mvement as fast as we can, mving a small weight (javelin thrwers, fr example). Resistance-Strength: t d exercises with medium weights fr a lng time (in jud, cmbats last 4 minutes; rwers must mve the bat fr a lng time als). Benefits f develping yur strength: Yu have mre muscular pwer. Yur muscles and tendns grw in terms f size. Yu can mve weights easier (including yur wn bdy). It helps yu keeping a gd psture in daily life and sprts. - Speed: Speed is the ability t d ne r mre mvements in a shrtest pssible perid. We can find three types f speed: Reactin speed: mving as fast as yu can after the referee blws the whistle in a 100m sprint. In team sprts there is als reactin speed: chasing yur ppnent when he runs away frm yu, r reacting t a vlleyball spike quickly. Single mvement speed: e.g. a karate kick r a tennis service must be very quick. Cyclic mvement Speed: any sprint in running r swimming, a dribbling in ftball...

7 Benefits f speed training: It is related with crdinatin and agility. If yu react and mve fast, yu have an advantage in all sprts. Speed training develps and makes yur muscles grw. - Suppleness: Flexibility is the ability t have a wide range f mvement with any part f yur bdy. It is als called Suppleness. There are tw types f flexibility: Dynamic Flexibility: yu use it when yu d wide, ample and relaxed mvements. Static Flexibility: yu use it when yu hld ne psitin fr sme secnds. There is n mvement. *Flexibility is the nly physical ability that decreases as yu grw lder. Benefits f supleness training: Yur range f mvement in jints is bigger, s yu can accelerate yur arms and legs fr a lnger distance. Then, yu can kick, thrw and hit faster and strnger. Yu have less injuries. Yur mvements are nt limited. Yur muscles are mre elastic and mre pwerful. BIBLIOGRAPHY