UP GRADATION OF GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF SH-131(CH.

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1 UP GRADATION OF GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF SH-131(CH. Up Gradation of Geometric Design of Sh-131(Ch. 9.35km km) Using Mxroad Software-A Case Anil, 9.35KM KM) Kadam Shubham, Journal USING Impact Factor MXROAD (2015): SOFTWARE-A (Calculated by GISI) CASE STUDY Ashok Kumar 1, Dhananjay A.S 2, Agarwal Alkesh 3, Badage Ganesh 3, Chavan Bhagatsinh 3, Devkar Anil 3, Kadam Shubham 3 Volume 6, Issue 6, June (2015), Pp Article ID: International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) IAEME: ISSN (Print) ISSN (Online) IJCIET I A E M E 1 Asst. Prof., Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur, India 2 Asst. Prof., Sinhgad Academy of Engineering, Pune, India 3 Student, Sinhgad Academy of Engineering, Pune, India ABSTRACT The development of effective road transport system is primary need of any developing country. Also upgrading of existing road network is essential for developed countries to carry out its transportation functions smoothly as with increasing traffic volume urban and non-urban roads reach to their saturation level in passage of time. The design of route alignment and pavement structure decide cost of project which totally depend on time taken for same. So for this job the best available Highway Geometric Design Software must be deployed. Keeping this in view we have used MXROAD Software for the geometric design of the existing state highway (SH 131) in Maharashtra to improve its geometric features and upgrading it from two lanes to four lanes. The Software uses 3D string modeling technologyand gives the desired values of different components of geometric design such as Horizontal and Vertical Curves, Super elevation, Shoulder, etc. Keywords: Geometric Design, MXROAD Software. INTRODUCTION During last few years there has been huge development in Indian economy and transportation plays a vital role in it. For any developing country road network acts as a backbone for its steady growth. Due to rapid growth in road infrastructure and its need there is need of a model which guides the designer to create a most effective design with high precision standards, which in turn leads to saving time, money and material costs. With the use of latest software technology, road design software named MXROAD has been used to pace up with the fast growing road infrastructure field. By using this software highway design engineers quickly and easily create design alternatives to build an ideal road system. Designing of highway depends on the components like Alignment, Pavement, Cross Drainage Structures, Road Furniture, Environment and Safety. The change in nature of these components directly affects the Geometric Design of road and thus its cost. The use of computer in work station has become inevitable and has been used in various fields. For last few decades computer applications in highway design has changed drastically and by which highway designer can draft, design and estimate for any road section. There are number of software s which are used for highway designing purpose. The list includes Nova point, Civil 3D, 67 editor@iaeme.com

2 Auto Civil, MXROAD, Eagle Point, Earth. Out of these we have used MXROAD which is worldwide famous for its accuracy and rapid design. MXROAD SOFTWARE MXROAD has been created by Bentley Systems, a UK based company in the year of 1996 which is then upgraded in later years as per requirement to get desired accuracy with rapid designing of highways. This is an advanced string based modeling tool that enables the rapid and accurate design of all types of road. By using MXROAD, highway designer can finalize design alternatives and can automate much of the design detailing processes, saving time and money. At its core MXROAD uses 3D string modeling technology- a powerful yet simple method of creating 3D surfaces. The interoperable database allows engineers to create and annotate 3D project models in the most popular AEC platforms or in windows. In recent, highway projects in India are Public Private Partnership based where private investors are challenged to maintain high standards in design and construction. This scenario leads the design engineers to use specially designed software tools like MXROAD. MXROAD attains high precision in building the road with in the limited land width (RoW) so as to minimize the land acquisition cost which is vital parameter that affects the total project cost directly. It also helps in fixing the horizontal alignment for an up gradation project to match up with the existing align of the cross drainage structure and in fixing the vertical profile to match up with the existing levels of the cross drainage structures. Various geometric design elements such as carriageways, shoulder can be designed effectively by using MXROAD. Other design controlling parameters such as design speed, horizontal curvature, super elevation and vertical curvature can also be effectively designed and controlled by MXROAD software. The total earthwork quantity is also computed to high accuracy by using MXROAD. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY To upgrade the existing geometric design of the SH-131 in Maharashtra to improve its geometric features by using MXROAD software. PROJECT LOCATION The project road SH-131 starts at the chainage from 9.35 km to km ends at Bopgaon. The project road connects Pune, Saswad, Bhivari, Kapurhol and Hadapsar editor@iaeme.com

3 Up Gradation off Geometric Design of Sh-131(Ch. 9.35km km) km) Using Mxroad Software-A Software Case Study, Ashok Kumar, Dhananjay A.S, Agarwal Alkesh, Badage Badage Ganesh, Chavan Bhagatsinh, Devkar Anil, Kadam Shubham, Journal Impact Factor (2015): (Calculated byy GISI) The project road consists of following existing features Land width- The right of way varies from 9 m to 12 m throughout the length of project road. Alignment- There is many horizontal curves and few steep vertical curves in the project corridor. Many of the horizontal curves lack adequate adequate sufficient sight distance and transition lengths, resulting in unsafe driving. Pavement Condition- The overall condition of the pavement between Pune to Saswad is satisfactory. However depressions, edge failures and uneven profile are common. common Soil Characteristics- the CBR values obtain from the laboratory test for the collected soil sample ranges from 10% to 17%. Drainage Condition- Improper drainage for surface water along the project road was observed. The raised earthen shoulders and problem of drainage drainage is more in township/built-up township/built area as water gets stagnated on the road and shoulder due to lack of proper drainage. Cross Drainage Structure- There is a cross drainage structure along the project road. RCC slab Culvert is provided across drainage work. wor DESIGN METHODOLOGY Data Collected Profile Survey: We had done the profile survey for km (from 9.35 km to km) at an interval of 15m along the alignment (Longitudinally) and 5m interval up to 20 m across the road on either side (Transverse). Which consist of X Y Z co-ordinates ordinates (i.e. Easting, Northing and Reduced Level). Traffic Survey: The classified traffic volume count is carried out at location along the project corridor (at Bhivari junction). This traffic survey has has been carried out for 12 hrs. (8 am to 8 pm) editor@iaeme.com

4 Table No.1 Average Daily traffic on Project Road Sr.No. Particulars Pune to Saswad Saswad to Pune 1. Two-Wheelers Govt. Busses Private Busses Cars Auto LCV Tractor Cycle Bullock Carts Trucks Multi-Axle Trucks 0 0 Total Vehicles The traffic data has been forecasted to a period of 15 years (i.e ) in passenger car unit (PCU) considering growth rate of 7.5%. Table No.2 Projected Traffic in PCU Year Pune to Saswad Saswad to Pune Procedure of MXROAD The procedure of MXROAD for the design of highway geometry is given below: 1. Data receiving: The existing ground data is required for designing of highway geometry. This survey data includes X, Y, Z co-ordinates (i.e. Northing, Easting and Reduced Level). This data can be collected now days by using total station instrument. 2. Data Import: Existing ground data s are import on which the road design scheme is to be implemented. The data may be imported in one of several formats: AutoCAD DXF (*.dxf) National Transfer Format (*.ntf) MX GENIO (*.txt) MX Survey Data (*.inp) Eagle Point Triangulation 70 editor@iaeme.com

5 A new model created from the ground data can be assigned with default feature set and style set. 3. Standard String Naming: The MX standard string naming convention (SNC) has been formed to give automatic integration to any design produced from any of the MXROAD option. Strings created by the MXROAD option are assigned names which store the following information: String Type Associated master alignment which defines the string group Specific road features Side of master alignment on which the string was created 4. Surface Analysis: This option is used for analyzing the surface on which the design has to be built. This is essential to confirm that the imported data is correct and contains no errors. Typically the analysis will highlight errors in level and will also provide a graphical representation of the existing surface editor@iaeme.com

6 5. Alignment Design: The alignment design option are used to create the alignment for the road design by choosing Quick alignment option, Horizontal Design, Vertical profile can be done in limited time duration. The alignment is converted to a master string which is generally used as the Centre line along which a carriageway and other features can be designed. Alignments are created in two stages: 1. Horizontal Design 2. Vertical Design For Horizontal and Vertical Design, there are three design models Element method Intersection Point (IP) method Spline method 6. Road Design: Road design is a series of options which enables in designing a road from an existing master string. It consists of a number of stages which are: Carriageway Design Super Elevation Design Road Widening Shoulder Design Kerbs, Verges and footways Junction Design 72 editor@iaeme.com

7 DESIGN PROPOSALS By considering all the IRC specification and existing features of project corridor the following design values are taken for executing the design of the project work by using MXROAD software. 1) Design Speed - 80 kmph and 30 kmph 2) Cross Section Elements. a) Road Margins i) Right of Way (RoW) - 30 m ii) Width between control line 100 m iii) Width between building line 50 m iv) Setback distance between building line and road boundary 3m to 5m b) Roadway Width 12.0 m c) Roadway Cross Section Details i) Carriageway Width 7.0 m ii) Shoulder width 2.5 m d) Cross Slope or Camber i) Bituminous surface 2.5% ii) Earthen surface 3.5% iii) Embankment slope 1 V : 1.5 H 3) Sight Distance a) Stopping Sight Distance (SSD) 120 m b) Intermediate Sight Distance (ISD) 240 m c) Over Taking Sight Distance (OSD) 470 m 4) Horizontal Design a) Super Elevation maximum 7% b) Radius of Horizontal Curve Ruling Minimum 230 m c) Radius at which no super elevation is required - > 1200 m d) Radius at which 7% super elevation is achieved 230 m 73 editor@iaeme.com

8 e) Extra Widening of Carriageway at Curves 0.6 m 5) Vertical Design a) Gradient i) Ruling Gradient maximum 3.3 % ii) Limiting Gradient maximum 5% iii) Minimum Gradient 0.3% b) Minimum length of vertical curve 50 m c) Minimum K (Rate of change of vertical acceleration) of Summit Curve 40. d) Minimum K (Rate of change of vertical acceleration) of valley Curve 30. OUTPUT FROM SOFTWAR Horizontal Alignment ********Element A001 Straight******** Bearing Length Begin on Straight Chainage Begin on Straight X Begin on Straight Y Straight End Chainage Straight End Y Straight End X *******Element A009 Arc******** Intersection Point Chainage Intersection Point X Intersection Point Y Tangent Arc Length External Middle Ordinate Chord Bearing Chord Length Arc Start Chainage Arc Start X Arc Start Y Radius Hand of Arc Left Arc End Chainage Arc End X Arc End Y Included Angle Arc Centre X Arc Centre Y editor@iaeme.com

9 Vertical Alignment ********Element 1 Grade******** Gradient Gradient Length Begin on Gradient Chainage Begin on Gradient Level Gradient End Chainage Gradient End Level ******Element2VerticalCurve****** IP Chainage IP Level Middle Ordinate Algebraic Difference Curve Start Gradient Curve End Gradient Curve Length Vertical Radius M Value K Value Curve Type Hog Sight Distance Curve Start Chainage Curve Start Level Curve End Chainage Curve End Level Earth Work Quantity Points Chainage Volume Cut (m3) Volume Fill (m3) Super Elevation Values: Reference String = MC00 Design Speed = 30 Slope/Gradient Units = Dec % 75 editor@iaeme.com

10 Curve Section Type Chainage Chainage Left Slope Left Slope Right Slope Right Slope Length Length Grade Grade Radius Defined Rules Defined Rules Defined Rules Defined Rules Defined Rules 1. Normal Crown Out: Outer Curve Normal Crown Out: Inner Curve Full Super Out Full Super In Normal Crown In: Inner Curve Normal Crown In: Outer Curve

11 Horizontal Alignment Viewer Vertical Alignment Viewer Alignment Showing Center Line String Details Cross Section PROJECT COST ESTIMATION A rough quantity and estimation has been prepared for the project considering all the major items belonging to road works. The quantification of major work item is done based on detailed plan and design using the current market rates as given below: 77 editor@iaeme.com

12 Table No.3 Unit Rates of Major Items Sr.no. Item Unit Rate Rs. 1. Scarification- Bituminous layer Sq.m Earthen Sub Grade Cu.m Granular sub Base (GSB) Cu.m Wet Mix Macadam (WMM) Cu.m Prime Coat Sq.m Tack Coat Sq.m Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM) Sq.m Bituminous Concrete (BC) Cu.m The total cost of km four lane divided carriageway is cores. CONCLUSION All the improvements are planned within the proposed right of way. The proposed alignment is designed to match with the existing alignment at major cross drainage sections. Design speeds are formulated for ruling Design Speed of 80 kmph and minimum design speed of 30 kmph. The proposed alignment encounters minimum horizontal curve radius at two minor junctions, where the speeds are restricted to minimum. Limiting gradient values are adopted for few sections where site restriction prevails. The obtained base traffic volume data has been projected to a period of 15 years ( ). High design precision and saving in time were achieved by using MXROAD. REFERENCES 1. Highway material and Pavement Design by S.K.Khanna, C.E.G.Justo, Nem Chand &Bros. publication. 2. Indian Road Congress: AASHTO, A policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, American Association of State Highway and Transportation officials: Washington, D.C. 4. IRC: Geometric design of standards for rural (Non-Urban) Highways. The Indian Road Congress, New Delhi, IRC: Design of Horizontal Curves for Highway and Design Tables. Indian Road Congress, New Delhi, IRC: SP Design of Vertical Curves for Highway. Indian road Congress, New Delhi, IRC: Capacity of Roads in Rural Areas. Indian Road Congress, New Delhi, IRC: Design of Flexible Pavements. Indian Road Congress, New Delhi, Bentley, MXROAD Introduction Manual, Bentley System, Inc. 10. Hameedaswad Mohammed, The Influence of Road Geometric Design Elements on Highway Safety International Journal of Civil Engineering & Technology (IJCIET), Volume 4, Issue 4, 2013, pp , ISSN Print: , ISSN Online: editor@iaeme.com