Chapter 1 Test B. 4. What are two advantages of using simulation techniques instead of actual situations?

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1 Name: Date: 1. The 50 states in the United States were numbered alphabetically and a researcher decided to randomly select a number and then survey every sixth state on unemployment rates. What type of sampling technique is the researcher employing? 2. A pollster wants to determine which local news channel is watched most frequently in New York City. Two city blocks in Manhattan are used as a sample. What type of sampling technique is being used? 3. What are the four basic sampling techniques? 4. What are two advantages of using simulation techniques instead of actual situations? 5. The following numbers were randomly generated. Starting with the number 97, select every other number down the columns then continue at the top of the next column, until seven numbers have been chosen. If the odd numbers represent tails, and the even numbers represent heads, how many times does this simulated coin land on tails? Page 1

2 6. A six-sided die is used to simulate the favorite ice cream flavors for a simulated series of customers. Roll Flavor 1 Vanilla 2 Vanilla 3 Chocolate 4 Chocolate 5 Strawberry 6 Mint Chocolate Chip Given that the following five numbers were rolled, how many customers had chocolate as their favorite flavor? A researcher is using a random number table to pick between two groups labeled X and Y. Each group is to be chosen with the same probability (0.50). The researcher assigns the odd digits {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} to X and the even digits {2, 4, 6, 8, 0} to Y. The researcher uses this section of a random number table What is the first choice? 8. A flip of a fair coin is used to simulate the gender of a series of simulated students. Flip Gender H Female T Male Given the following four flips, how many male students were there? T H H H Page 2

3 9. A researcher is using a random number table to pick between two groups labeled X and Y. Each group is to be chosen with the same probability (0.50). The researcher assigns the odd digits {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} to X and the even digits {2, 4, 6, 8, 0} to Y. The researcher uses this section of a random number table What are the first and second choices? 10. If all possible samples of a specific size have the same chance of being selected, what type of sampling technique is being used? 11. A statistics teacher taught Introductory Statistics to a large lecture class of 200 students. She wanted to calculate the average of the first examination by selecting every eight student's test score and finding the average of these scores. What type of sampling technique is being employed? 12. Sampling differs from simulation in that 13. A flip of a fair coin is used to simulate the sizes of a series of simulated shirts. Flip Size H Medium T Extra-Large Given the following six flips, how many extra-large shirts were there? H T T T H T Page 3

4 14. The survey question "Why do you think that people break laws?" is a poor survey question because it is 15. What term is given to a sample chosen at random from a population? 16. A six-sided die is used to simulate the favorite ice cream flavors for a simulated series of customers. Roll Flavor 1 Vanilla 2 Vanilla 3 Chocolate 4 Chocolate 5 Strawberry 6 Mint Chocolate Chip Given that the following eight numbers were rolled, how many customers had the same favorite flavor as the person just in front of him? The survey question "Since everybody likes baseball, you support the construction of the new ball field, don't you?" is a poor survey question because it is Page 4

5 18. A quality control engineer is checking parts coming off an assembly line to see if they meet customer specifications. What type of sampling is being employed? 19. A six-sided die is rolled to simulate a nine-hole round of golf. Roll Score 1 Hole-in-one 2 Eagle 3 Birdie 4 Par 5 Bogey 6 Double-Bogey Given that the following nine numbers were rolled, on how many holes did the golfer make par or better (hole in one, eagle, birdie, or par): 3, 1, 1, 4, 6, 5, 2, 3, A researcher is using a random number table to pick between two groups labeled X and Y. X is to be chosen with probability 5/7 and Y with probability 2/7. The researcher assigns the digits {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} to X and the digits {6, 7} to Y. The researcher uses this section of a random number table What are the first and second choices? Page 5

6 Answer Key 1. systematic 2. cluster 3. random, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling 4. It can be either less costly, less time consuming, or, in some situations, less dangerous to run a simulation rather than study actual situations. 5. The simulated coin will land on tails three times X The first choice is Y and the second choice is X 10. random sampling 11. systematic sampling 12. Sampling uses data gathered from real-life observation while simulation uses data from computer generated situations Too open-ended of a question 15. unbiased sample A biased question 18. sequence sampling The first choice is Y and the second choice is X Page 6