2012 New York State Junior 4-H Horse Bowl Round 1

Transcription

1 Round 1 One-On-One 1. C1 Q. The history of the Thoroughbred horse as a breed began in what country? A. England S. Evans p C2 Q. What is the term for the coat color in which white hairs and colored hairs are an even mixture and do not change over time? A. Roan S. DET p C3 Q. What term refers to a female horse up to three years of age? A. Filly S. DET p C4 Q. All breeds of horses have a common gait of the walk. How many beats does a walk have? A. Four S. ES p. 70 1

2 Round 2 One-On-One 1. C1 Q. A cooler is a light blanket that assist in the drying off period after a workout while not allowing the horse to catch cold. Name a fabric that a cooler is made of. A. Wool or polar fleece S. HIH C2 Q. What color skin does a gray-colored horse have? A. Dark colored (black) S. ES p C3 Q. When paired genes within the horse are identical, is the horse said to have heterozygous or homozygous gene pairs? A. Homozygous S. Evans p C4 Q. Horses have two types of vision. Name one type. A. Monocular vision Binocular vision S. ES p. 56 1

3 Round 2 5. C1 Q. What color points does a perlino colored horse have? A. Rust (accept chestnut, sorrel, red) S. Evans p C2 Q. What is the name of the vitamin that acts as a partner with the trace mineral selenium? A. Vitamin E S. ES p C3 Q. What is the name given to the type of wound caused by a pointed object like a nail? A. Puncture wound S. Evans p C4 Q. Your horse has a freeze brand. What color is the hair of the brand? A. White S. Evans p

4 Round 2 9. C1 Q. The genetic disorder Lethal White Foal Syndrome affects which horse breed? A. Pinto/Paint S. ES p C2 Q. What breed of horse is world famous because of its connection with the Spanish Riding School of Vienna? A. The Lipizzan S. HIH 159B C3 Q. What is the name of the system of the horse in which a number of ductless glands of the horse s body produce hormones that influence a variety of body functions? A. Endrocrine System S. Evans p C4 Q. What is the minimum width for a gate that would be used to move hay equipment in and out of a field? A. 16 feet S. Evans p. 771 End One-On-One 3

5 Begin Open Questions 2012 New York State Junior 4-H Horse Bowl Round Q. What mineral is the partner to phosphorus and is needed for strong, healthy bones and teeth? A. Calcium S. ES p Q. Black Allan is the foundation sire for which horse breed? A. Tennessee Walking Horse S. Evans p Q. Within a few days of foaling, most mares have drops of colostrum that appear and stick to the end of their teats. What is the term used for these drops of colostrum? A. waxing (wax beads) S.HIH Q. What type of bedding is preferred for foaling stalls? A. Straw S. HIH

6 Round 2 Toss Up Bonus Attached 17. Q. (Two Part) What are the two roan colors and the base coat color associated with each of the colors? A. Blue roan (black); Red roan (Bay); Strawberry roan (chestnut) S. ES p /2 Bonus Question 18. Q. (Bonus) Identify three areas of the horse that would be visually appraised and palpated when determining a body condition score. A. Along the top side of the neck Over the rib cage In the crease down the back (topline) Along the withers In the area adjacent to the tail head Over the hip and pin bones Behind the shoulder/over the point of the shoulder S. HIH 720-3, Resume Open Questions 19. Q. What is the external parasite that can transmit the West Nile Virus from infected birds to horses? A. Mosquitoes S. HIH

7 Round Q. Sweat glands are located over the entire body of the horse except for what area? A. The legs S. Evans p Q. What part of the English bridle keeps the crown piece from slipping forward over the ears and off the head? A. Throatlatch S. HIH Q. What is another term for bulldogging? A. Steer wrestling S. DET p Q. Rickets occurs only in young animals and can be caused by a deficiency of what vitamin? A. Vitamin D S. Evans p

8 Round 2 Toss Up Bonus Attached 24. Q. Give one advantage of the elevated inside rim on a polo shoe. A. Increases traction, prevents sliding, enables foot to roll over faster, allows horse to pivot on the shoe while maintaining toe grip regardless of where the foot breaks over S. Evans p. 737 Bonus Question 25. Q. (Bonus) Identify three normal signs of aging that would be observed in the physical appearance of horses. A. Drooping lower lip Deep hollows above the eyes Sway back Graying hair Dental changes S. HIH 450-1, Resume Open Questions 26. Q. What is the simplest way to initially clean a fresh wound that is large and/ or heavily contaminated with dirt? A. Hosing S. HIH

9 Round Q. Aniridia is a genetic disorder in which the iris of the eye is absent. This occurs primarily in which draft horse breed? A. Belgian S. ES p Q. What is the conformation fault in which the back of the horse is arched and convex? A. Roached back S. DET p Q. What is the common name for the dominance hierarchy or social order exhibited by a group of horses? A. Pecking order S. DET p. 207 Last Question of the Round 30. Q. What is the full name of the registry that documents the pedigree of the Quarter horse? A. American Quarter Horse Association S. DET p. 9 8

10 Round 2 9

11 Round 3 One-On-One 1. C1 Q. Poisoning from the intake of Red Maple leaves occurs when the horse eats fresh green leaves or wilted, dry leaves? A. Wilted, dry leaves S. Lewis p C2 Q. What is the term for when a pigeon- toed horse throws the front feet outward while in stride? A. Paddling (winging out) S. Evans p C3 Q. A herd of horses have a pecking order. What is the term for the horse at the top of the order? A. Dominant S. Evans p C4 Q. Name one sense a mare uses to identify her foal? A. Smell, sight, sound S. Lewis p

12 Round 3 5. C1 Q. What English breed of pony is always colored brown with black or dark brown points and has a mealy colored muzzle, ring around the eyes, and underbelly? A. Exmoor pony S. HIH 157B-1 6. C2 Q. Hambletonian 10 is perhaps the greatest name in the history of what breed of horse? A. Standardbred S. Evans p C3 Q. Your horse is intensly itching his rectal area resulting in rubbing out his tail. What is the internal parasite that may be the cause of the itching? A. Pinworms S. DET p C4 Q. The Tevis Cup is a famous endurance trail ride that takes place in California and is ridden over what famous mail route? A. The pony express S. DET p

13 Round 3 9. C1 Q. What is the term for any number of commercial products administered by stomach tube, syringe, or through feed to control internal parasites? A. Dewormer S. DET p C2 Q. Give one reason why borium is applied to a pack mule s shoes. A. Improve traction (gripping properties) Extend the life of the shoe S. Evans p C3 Q. How many chromosomes does a horse have? A. 64 or 32 pairs S. ES p C4 Q. How many kidneys does a horse have? A. Two S. Kainer Plate 54 End One-On-One 3

14 Begin Open Questions 2012 New York State Junior 4-H Horse Bowl Round Q. You do the math A 10 year old horse would be equivalent to a human of what age? A. 30 years old (1 horse year = 3 human years) S. HIH Q. Name one type of lice that affect horses. A. Biting lice, sucking lice S. ES p Q. What is currently the most effective breeding management protocal for bringing mares into heat 60 to 90 days before the natural breeding season? A. Lights S. YLM ADV 336-2L 16. Q. Blister beetles are poisonous to horses and are found in what type of hay? A. Alfalfa hay S. Lewis p

15 Round 3 Toss Up Bonus Attached 17. Q. What one anatomic structure aids the horse in collecting loose feed such as kernels of grain from a feed bucket or manger? A. Upper lips (also accept lips) and tongue S. Evans p. 93 Bonus Question 18. Q. (Bonus) Identify three breeds originally started in the United States that the Thoroughbred horse provided foundation stock for. A. Standardbred, American Saddlebred, Morgan, Quarter Horse S. Evans p. 20 Resume Open Questions 19. Q. How does a straight shoulder affect the length of the back? A. The straighter the shoulder the longer the back S. YLM INT 223-3L 20. Q. Quarter horses that have HYPP (Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis) need diets that are low in what mineral? A. Potassium S. ES p

16 Round Q. What is the purpose for the fleshy upper and lower eyelids known as hooded eyes which are characteristics of Exmoor ponies? A. To protect their eyes from the harsh wind and rain S. HIH 157B Q. Ideally, pastures should be grazed when they are 6 to 8 inches tall and horses should be removed from that pasture when grazed down to what height? A. 3 to 4 inches (accept anything in range) S. HIH Q. When comparing a cowboy shoe and a mule shoe, which shoe is longer and narrower? A. Mule shoe S. Evans p. 732, 734 Toss Up Bonus Attached 24. Q. Identify one type of teeth that are only present as permanent teeth. A. Wolf teeth, molars, canines S. HIH 405-1, Evans p. 92 6

17 Round 3 Bonus Question 25. Q. (Bonus) Name three of the approved coat patterns for a pony to be registered with the Pony of America Club. A. Snowflake, frost, blanket, leopard, few spot leopard, marbleized roan, white with dark spots over hindquarters S. HIH 167B-2 Resume Open Questions 26. Q. What is the minimum height for an indoor arena that will be used for jumping horses? A. minimum of 16 feet ceiling S. HIH Q. What is the term for a mare producing milk? A. Lactating mare S. DET p

18 Round Q. What is the term for the inflammation of the upper layer of skin of the pastern due to mud and moisture? A. Grease-heel, Scratches, Grease or Mud fever S. Evans p. 167; DET p Q. What is the common term for the area between the fetlock and coronet on a horse s leg? A. Pastern S. Kainer plate 1 Last Question of the Round 30. Q. In a jumping event, what does the term charging refer to? A. Rushing into the fence S. DET p. 54 8

19 Round 4 One-On-One 1. C1 Q. The American Walking pony is a result of breeding the Welsh Pony and what other breed? A. Tennessee Walking Horse S. Evans p C2 Q. Name one of the artificial gaits performed by the 5-gaited American Saddlebred? A. Slow gait (stepping pace) and rack (single-foot) S. Evans p. 40, C3 Q. Identify two reasons for using a saddle blanket or pad. A. To protect the horse s back To absorb sweat and moisture To protect the saddle To help the saddle fit better S. HIH C4 Q. Equine night blindness affects what breed of horse? A. Appaloosa S. ES p

20 Round 4 5. C1 Q. Which system of the horse consists of the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins? A. Cardiovascular system S. Evans p. 89, C2 Q. (2 parts) How many ergots does a horse have and where are they located on the horse? A. Four ergots Located behind the fetlock joint S. Kainer plate 4 7. C3 Q. What equestrian activity is defined as gymnastics on horseback? A. Vaulting S. HIH 185D-1 8. C4 Q. What color horse should you get when you cross a chestnut -colored horse and a cremello colored horse? A. Palimino S. Evans p. 51 2

21 Round 4 9. C1 Q. The breeding of what two equines produces a hinny? A. Stallion and female donkey (jennet or jenny) S. ES p C2 Q. There are three different virus strains of Equine Encephalomyelitis of concern in the United States. Name one of them. A. Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis Western Equine Encephalomyelitis Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis S. ES p C3 Q. What term refers to the pair of horses hitched directly in front of the wagon in a six-horse hitch? A. Wheelers S. DET p C4 Q. Where in the horse s digestive system is the primary site of protein digestion? A. Small intestine S. Evans p. 196 End One-On-One 3

22 Round 4 Begin Open Questions 13. Q. Which season of the year does a stallion produce the least number of sperm? A. Winter S. Evans p Q. What is the name of the infectious disease of the lymph glands in which the systems include a thick, yellow nasal discharge, elevated temperature, and swelling of the lymph glands in the throatlatch lower jaw area? A. Strangles S. ES Q. Name two colors allowed within the Morgan breed registry other than bay, black, brown, or chestnut? A. Gray, palomino, cream (not white), dun, buckskin S. Evans p. 36, HIH 162B Q. There are two major functions of the digestive system. Name one of the functions. A. Digestion and absorption S. ES p

23 Round 4 Toss Up Bonus Attached 17. Q. (Two Part) There are two common types of hammers used by a farrier. Name one type and what it is used for. A. Rounding hammer - making and shaping shoes Driving hammer - driving nails, forming and finishing clinches, wringing off the nails S. Evans p. 728 Bonus Question 18. Q. Name three vital signs used to assess the horse s health. A. Temperature, pulse, respiration, capillary refill time, mucous membranes, Skin pliability (pinch test), pulse S. HIH Resume Open Questions 19. Q. In a horse, what type of joint is the hip joint? A. Ball and socket joint S. Kainer plate Q. What is the term for a horse with a short or docked tail? A. Bobtail S. DET p. 34 5

24 Round Q. What type of bar shoe would be used for the treatment of a horse with Navicular disease? A. Egg bar shoe (not heartbar) S. HIH 540a 22. Q. Steeldust was perhaps the most famous early stallion of what American breed of horse? A. Quarter Horse S. Evans p /3 23. Q. Forages can be safely provided in a wide variety of processed forms. Name two of these forms used to feed forages to horses. A. Small square bales, big round bales, big square bales, hay cubes, pelleted hay, green chopped or soilage (not silage) S. HIH 750-4;5 Toss Up Bonus Attached 24. Q. In regards to pasture management, identify two instances when you should keep horses off pasture. A. During pesticide spraying, recently fertilized, to reduce overgrazing, when there is fresh lush pasture, during the winter, when soils are wet S. HIH 360-3;4 6

25 Bonus Question 2012 New York State Junior 4-H Horse Bowl Round Q. Give the names of four internal parasites. A. Ascarid (large round worm) Lungworms Tapeworms Pinworms Threadworms Small strongyles Large strongyles Bots Stomach worms (Habronema) S. ES p Resume Open Questions 26. Q. What is the name of the multi-layered, hollow, y-shaped organ only found in a mare? A. Uterus S. HIH 158B Q. What is the country of origin of the Hackney horse? A. Great Britian (England) S. HIH 158 B-1 7

26 Round Q. Name three of the five basic nutrients needed to maintain a healthy horse. A. Water, protein, vitamins, minerals, energy S. ES p Q. What is the name of the breed of this dun-colored equine with a full dorsal stripe from the forelock down the mane, back, and the tail? A. Norwegian Fjord S. DET p. 192 Last Question of the Round 30. Q. What is the name of the test used to determine if there is a presence of Equine Infectious Anemia antibodies in a blood sample? A. Coggins test S. HIH

27 Round 5 One-On-One 1. C1 Q. In the evolution of the horse, what term refers to the modern horse? A. Equus S. ES p C2 Q. Which gait of the Paso Fino is the fastest of the three speeds? A. Paso largo S. Evans p C3 Q. How often should a horse be offered water when trailering long distances? A. Every 3-4 hours S. YLM ADV 201-2L 4. C4 Q. The Triple Crown is a group of races for what age Thoroughbreds? A. Three year olds S. Evans p. 22 1

28 Round 5 5. C1 Q. What is the name of the large veins located on either side of the horse s windpipe in the underside of the neck? A. Jugular veins S. DET p C2 Q. What is the name of the farrier tool that is used to remove excess hoof wall? A. Hoof cutters (hoof nippers) S. Evans p C3 Q. What classification of forages normally produces higher levels of energy? A. Legumes S. YLM INT 202-1L 8. C4 Q. Galvayne s groove appears on the upper corner incisor at about what year? A. 10 years S. HIH

29 Round 5 9. C1 Q. Which vitamin is responsible for the production of the blood clotting factor? A. Vitamin K S. DET p C2 Q. Horses of all colors may be affected by melanoma tumors, but the majority of horses that have melanomas are what color? A. Gray S. Evans p C3 Q. On a driving harness, what is the purpose of the terrets on the surcingle (or saddle)? A. The reins go through them (hold the reins up on the surcingle) S. DET p C4 Q. What is the name of the western show class which demonstrates a horse s ability to perform several turns and controlled, collected flying lead changes across the ring. A. Western riding S. DET p. 290 End One-On-One 3

30 Round 5 Begin Open Questions 13. Q. Would a Standard Diamond Brand size 3horse shoe most likely be used for shoeing a pony, average horse or a large horse? A. Large size horse S. Evans p Q. The Connemara breed of horse originated in what country? A. Ireland S. Evans p Q. What is the term for an alcohol based substance applied to the horses legs after exercise to prevent swelling? A. Brace (also accept liniment) S. DET p. 36, Q. What is the purpose of the elliptic spring on a carriage? A. Absorb shock ( it is the spring under the seat ) S. DET p. 90 4

31 Round 5 Toss Up Bonus Attached 17. Q. Explain the difference between a buck kneed and calf kneed horse. A. Buck kneed- over at the knee (bent forward) Calf kneed- back at the knee (bent backward) S. DET p. 42, 45 Bonus Question 18. Q. What are the four classifications of bones in the skeletal system of the horse? A. Long, short, flat and irregular S. Evans p. 90 Resume Open Questions 19. Q. What is a flat class? A. A class without jumps S. DET p Q. The Nez Perce Indians were the first tribe to breed selectively for the special traits of what breed of horse? A. Appaloosa S. HIH 152B-1 5

32 Round Q. What should be the minimum size of a stall for an average size horse? A. 10 foot by 10 foot S. HIH Q. What is the organ that provides a blood-filtering system that is responsible for the removal of many waste products from the body? A. Kidneys S. Evans p Q. The Thoroughbred was developed largely from what breed of horse? A. Arabian S. Evans p. 17 Toss Up Bonus Attached 24. Q. Color in the horse is controlled by granules of pigment in the hair and skin. What is the pigment called? A. Melanin S. ES p. 93 6

33 Round 5 Bonus Question 25. Q. (Bonus) Identify three types of modifications of a standard horse shoe that could be used by a farrier for corrective or therapeutic shoeing. A. Square toe on shoe Trailer Calks Bar across break-over point Toe extension Rolled toe shoe Slippered heels Half-rim Chadwick spring Raise or lower toe of shoe Toe clips Raise or lower heel of shoe Shorten or lengthen toe of shoe Raise or lower inside or outside rim S. Evans pp Resume Open Questions 26. Q. In horses there are two basic energy producing nutrients. Name one of them. A. Carbohydrates and fats S. ES p Q. When packing with horses, what is the name of the piece of canvas that covers and protects the load? A. Manta (also accept manty ) S. HIH /3 7

34 Round Q. What is the first of the four stages of a life cycle of a fly? A. Egg S. HIH Q. What is the normal temperature of a horse? A to degrees (accept anything within this range) S. HIH Last Question of the Round 30. Q. What is the Jockey Club? A. Registry of the Thoroughbred horses S. DET p

35 Round 6 One-On-One 1. C1 Q. What type of wound is the most dangerous in regards to a possible sight for tetanus? A. A deep puncture wound S. HIH C2 Q. What is the common term for the undershot deformity of the jaw? A. Monkey jaw S. Evans p C3 Q. What is the cry of the hunt once the fox has been sighted? A. Tallyho S. DET p C4 Q. What is the name of the large muscle mass on the inside and outside of the area just above the hock? A. Gaskin S. DET p

36 Round 6 5. C1 Q. What internal parasite infection in horses, in many cases, is related to exposure to donkeys? A. Lungworms S. ES p C2 Q. What is another name for the noseband on an English bridle? A. Cavesson S. DET p C3 Q. White horses have pink skin and what colored eyes? A. Dark colored eyes (not pink) S. ES p C4 Q. What is the term for the slow, smooth, trot of a western horse? A. Jog S. DET p

37 Round 6 9. C1 Q. What type of trailer hitch must be securely attached to the frame and the truck bed? A. Gooseneck S. HIH C2 Q. What type of fence is low maintenance and has the longest life expectancy but the initial cost may be high? A. PVC/Vinyl S. Evans p. 768; HIH C3 Q. Where on the horse would you find the blemish and/ or unsoundness called Bog Spavin? A. Hock joint S. Evans p C4 Q. What breed of horse, originally from Russia, is known for its curly hair coat? A. Bashkir Curly S. Evans p. 57 End One-On-One 3

38 Round 6 Begin Open Questions 13. Q. Name four black points on a bay colored horse. A. Mane, tail, lower legs, muzzle, rim of ears (accept ears) S. ES p Q. It is recommended that you vaccinate your pregnant mare at the 5 th, 7 th, and 9 th month to guard against abortion caused by what virus? A. Equine Herpesvirus (Rhino) S. ES p Q. Wood is one of the most desirable materials for building stalls. What type of wood is considered to be the strongest and is less likely to be destroyed by horses chewing on it? A. Rough cut oak (also accept oak) S. HIH Q. Identify one of the most palatable grasses for horse pastures. A. Kentucky bluegrass and timothy S. Lewis p

39 Round 6 Toss Up Bonus Attached 17. Q. Name three of the five basic coat colors for horse. A. Bay, black, brown, white and chestnut S. Evans p. 80 Bonus Question 18. Q. Mares are divided into different classifications. Identify four of the classifications. A. Open, pregnant, barren, maiden, and wet (lactating) S. HIH Resume Open Questions 19. Q. What is the term for any type of abdominal pain in horses that may be caused, for example, by gas, impaction, parasites, and others. A. Colic S. ES p Q. What is the common name for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease? A. Heaves S. Evans p

40 Round Q. What is the common name for Magnesium Sulfate that is used as a foot soak to promote drainage of a hoof abscess? A. Epsom salts S. HIH Q. At what age do the first permanent incisors erupt? A. 2 ½ years S. HIH p Q. Which breed is known as the Prince of Ponies and aristocrat of the show ring? A. Hackney Pony S. Evans p. 61; HIH 158B-1 Toss Up Bonus Attached 24. Q. Lethal White Foal Syndrome is a genetic defect for what breed of horse? A. Paint/ pinto breed S. ES p. 98 6

41 Round 6 Bonus Question 25. Q. Vitamins are used for different functions and can be categorized into two different groups: fat soluble and water soluble. Name two fat soluble and two water soluble vitamins. A. Fat soluble- vitamins A, D, E, K Water soluble- vitamins C, B (B1, B2, B6, B12, biotin, folic acid, niacin, pantothenic acid) S. ES p. 122 Resume Open Questions 26. Q. How many first phalanx bones does a horse have? A. Four (one long pastern bone in each foot) S. Evans p. 686, ES p Q. Most Arabian horses are in their prime at what age? A. 20 years S. HIH 153 B-2 7

42 Round Q. What is the name of the saddle that is used to ride and show saddle seat horses? A. Cut back saddle S. HIH Q. What is the abdominal organ that is responsible for detoxification, production of bile, metabolism of fats, and filtration of blood? A. Liver S. DET p. 170 Last Question of the Round 30. Q. Other than flies, name two types of external parasites. A. Mosquitoes, lice, mange mites, ticks, ringworm, gnats, midges, fleas S. ES p , Lewis 167 8

43 Round 7 One-On-One 1. C1 Q. Name two colors of horses that have dorsal stripes. A. Dun, Grulla, Buckskin S. Evans p C2 Q. What is the first part of the digestive system? A. Mouth S. ES p C3 Q. Name the English bit that acts like a snaffle and a curb combined into one mouthpiece? A. Pelham Bit S. HIH C4 Q. What term refers to a slow collected canter exhibited in western riding classes? A. Lope S. DET p

44 Round 7 5. C1 Q. All permanent incisors have erupted at what age? A. 4 ½ years S. Evans p C2 Q. Deafness is sometimes present in Paint/ Pinto horses with what overo coat pattern? A. Splashed white S. ES p C3 Q. What type of fencing is considered to be the safest horse fence because its close weave prevents even a foal from catching a foot in it? A. 5-Diamond V-mesh (also accept diamond v-mesh or v-mesh) S. HIH C4 Q. You do the math You are judging a reining class and have given an exhibitor a total of minus one in penalties and a plus one in maneuvers. What is the final score for this entry? A. 70 S. HIH 183D-1 2

45 Round 7 9. C1 Q. How many chromosomes does a donkey have? A. 62 or 31 pairs S. Evans p C2 Q. What area of the United States was the Chickisaw breed of horse developed by Indian tribes? A. East coast (Tennessee and N. Carolina) S. DET p. 55; Evans p C3 Q. Across the board is a term used for a combination ticket on a horse in a race. What place does the horse have to come in for you to win a prize? A. First, second or third S. DET p C4 Q. The sesamoid bones in a horse are located at what joint? A. Fetlock joint S. Kaine Plate 14 End One-On-One 3

46 Round 7 Begin Open Questions 13. Q. What is the name for the extra set of swells attached to the saddle horn to protect a rider when riding a bucking horse? A. Bucking roll S. DET p Q. What type of knot forms the eye of a lariat? A. Honda knot (Honda) S. DET p Q. What is the next part of the digestive system the food matter leaving the stomach goes to? A. Small intestine S. ES p Q. What is the term for a refusal by a horse to go farther and backs away? A. Jib S. DET p

47 Round 7 Toss Up Bonus Attached 17. Q. Identify one type of equine other than horses and ponies that have chestnuts on both the front and back legs. A. Mules, Hinnies S. ES p. 21 Bonus Question 18. Q. Overheating of horses is known as hyperthermia. Identify three situations that may result in the occurrence of hyperthermia. A. Hot weather Poor stable ventilation High humidity Prolonged exposuse to direct sunlight Transportation Obesity Overwork Insufficient water consumption S. HIH Resume Open Questions 19. Q. What type of blood cells is affected in a horse with Leukemia? A. White blood cells S. DET p

48 Round Q. What is the name given to the very first incisors and premolars of a young horse? A. Deciduous (milk teeth, temporary) S. YLM INT 205-2L, Evans p Q. Where on a horse does a nose bot fly lay its eggs? A. On the lips S. YLM INT 200-3L 835/4 22. Q. In reference to hair coat, what is one of the visible signs that your horse may have Cushing s disease? A. Abnormally long hair coat Lack of ability to shed hair S. ES p Q. What is the most popular type of horse trailer in which the horses ride side- by- side at an angle with a divider between them? A. Slant load S. YLM ADV 301-1L 6

49 Round 7 Toss Up Bonus Attached 24. Q. What are the three characteristics required of all Appaloosas? A. Eye is encircled with white (white sclera) Skin is mottled (especially the nose and genitals) Hooves are vertically striped black and white (do not accept spotted coat pattern) S. Evans p. 32; HIH Bonus Question 25. Q. Identify three ways that a horse uses their sense of smell. A. To locate food To ensure food/water are acceptable quality To identify humans To identify other horses To identify objects To smell potential predators or other dangers To identify marked territory of other horses/herds To initiate sexual and breeding behavior S. ES p. 61 Resume Open Questions 26. Q. What percentage of a horse s total body weight is made up of water? A. 65%- 75% (anything in range) S. ES p

50 Round Q. What is the large bone of the lower leg? A. Cannon bone S. Evans p Q. What is a charro saddle? A. Type of Mexican saddle S. DET p Q. What is the country of origin for the Falabella? A. Argentina S. Evans p. 67 Last Question of the Round 30. Q. In relation to vital signs, what does TPR stand for? A. Temperature, pulse, respiration S. ES p

51 Round 8 One-On-One 1. C1 Q. A lack of what basic nutrient may increase the risk of impaction colic? A. Water S. ES p C2 Q. What is the name of the saddle on which the rider sits forward with both legs on the left side of the horse? A. Side saddle S. DET p C3 Q. What breed of horse was Dan Patch? A. Standardbred S. Evans p C4 Q. Toe and/ or heel clips are on horse shoes for what purpose? A. Help hold them in position S. Evans p

52 Round 8 5. C1 Q. In reference to paint color pattern, what is the difference between piebald and skewbald? A. Piebald- white on black Skewbald- white on any color but black S. ES p C2 Q. Your horse has heaves. To help manage this condition it is helpful to do what to the hay before feeding it? A. Soak the hay 5 minutes before feeding (also accept anything which indicates wetting down or soaking the hay) S. Lewis pp C3 Q. Sweeny is the atrophy or shrinkage due to a nerve injury to the muscles of what area on the horse? A. Shoulder S. DET p C4 Q. Give the location for the point team in an 8-horse hitch. A. Team behind the leaders S. DET p

53 Round 8 9. C1 Q. Which classification of muscles are voluntary and function in the movement of the horse? A. Skeletal muscles S. Evans p C2 Q. What is used on pacers to prevent them from breaking into a trot or gallop? A. Hobbles (hobble hangers, Indian pants) S. DET p. 140, C3 Q. What breed is born brown, mouse grey or black-brown, but typically turns white between the ages of 6 and 10? A. Lipizzan S. HIH 159B C4 Q. When looking at a pedigree, what parent histories are listed on the top side? A. Stallion side (or direct line of male descendants) S. DET p. 271 End One-On-One 3

54 Begin Open Questions 2012 New York State Junior 4-H Horse Bowl Round Q. What is the minimum recommended size for a stall for a stallion? A. 14 foot x 14 foot S. YLM INT Q. What is the term for the thick-walled muscular vessels through which blood passes from the heart to various organs and parts of the body? A. Arteries S. DET p Q. Which part of the digestive tract has the fastest rate of passage for consumed feeds and fluids? A. Esophagus S. ES p Q. When a horse is at rest, how fast does its heart beat per minute? A beat per minute (anything in this range) S. ES p

55 Round 8 Toss Up Bonus Attached 17. Q. Give two terms commonly used to describe the condition of the racetrack footing. A. Fast, sloppy, muddy, heavy S. DET p. 272 Bonus Question 18. Q. (Bonus) Define the following terms used to describe coat- color traits: Flea bits, blood mark, ink spots. A. Flea bits- small flex of color over a base color Blood mark- a dark colored splotch on a basic coat color Ink spots- small dark colored spots seen on a white area on pinto/paints S. ES p. 39 Resume Open Questions 19. Q. What is the name of the bit that has a straight bar mouthpiece and shanks, used as a snaffle or curb, and is most commonly used on heavy harness horses? A. Liverpool bit S. DET p

56 Round Q. What is the common term for the stirrup on an English saddle that has a band that will break if the rider falls from the saddle? A. Breakaway stirrup S. HIH Q. What is the term for the bacterial infection in the frog of the foot that is characterized by a foul, blackish discharge? A. Thrush S. Evans p Q. Who is the foundation sire for the Morgan horse? A. Justin Morgan (Figure) S. Evans p /3 23. Q. A foal receives initial immune protection from the mare. How long does it take for a foal s own immune system to become functional and provide adequate protection from infectious diseases? A. 2-4 months (accept anything within range) S. YLM BEG 112-2L 6

57 Round 8 Toss Up Bonus Attached 24. Q. Lateral movement is defined as when a horse moves with the forehand and haunches are on different tracts. Give two example of lateral movement. A. Shoulders in, haunches in(travers), haunches out(renvers), half pass, Two track S. DET p. 165 Bonus Question 25. Q. (Bonus) Identify four advantages of using open-front sheds in comparison with traditional stabling for horses. A. Inexpensive to build and maintain Less labor and therefore more time available to handle horses, etc. Can be cleaned with a tractor and loader No daily stall cleaning Require less bedding Less space required for each horse than stalls Better ventilation Less respiratory problems Less digestive problems Better attitude of horses/less stall vices Improved muscle tone/less injuries with free exercise Fire safety/ Fires not likely to occur and horses not trapped S. Evans p. 772 Resume Open Questions 26. Q. What is the term for the conformational defect in which the back is concave? A. Swayback(easybacked, saddlebacked, lordosis) S. DET p. 26 7

58 Round Q. What are the tough, nonelastic, fiberous tissue that connects muscles to bones? A. Tendons S. DET p Q. What is the most common color for the Shire? A. Black S. Evans p Q. What is the most important winter feed given to horses? A. Good quality hay S. YLM INT 204-2L Last Question of the Round 30. Q. You are getting wood shavings bedding from the local sawmill. What type of wood shavings are very toxic to horses and shouldn t be used as bedding? A. Black Walnut S. DET p. 29 8

59 Round 1 5. C1 Q. What is the term for the eye disease that causes a cloudy or inflamed condition of the eye that may lead to blindness? A. Moon Blindness S. DET p C2 Q. Which vitamin is obtained by most horses through sunshine and sun-cured hay? A. Vitamin D S. ES p C3 Q. In reference to western bits, what is the name for the portion of the cheek of the bit from the mouthpiece down to the reins? A. Shank S. DET p C4 Q. How many cinches does a western roping saddle have? A. Two cinches S. HIH

60 Round 1 9. C1 Q. What general area of the horse does the unsoundness called sidebone occur? A. Foot (coffin bone) S. Evans p C2 Q. What is the purpose of adding mud calks to the heel of a racing plates? A. To increase traction S. Evans p C3 Q. In a ranch operation, what is the purpose of the rider who rides the fences of the property and repairs any problems? A. Boundry rider S. DET p C4 Q. What color skin does a true white horse have? A. Pink S. HIH End One-On-One 3

61 Round 1 Begin Open Questions 13. Q. Reducing grain intake on days the horse is idle will help prevent what metabolic sickness in the horse? A. Monday morning sickness (also accept tying up) S. Evans p Q. What is the name of the small teeth located in the interdental space, just in front of the other premolars, that are often pulled so they don t interfere with a bit? A. Wolf teeth S. Kainer plate 49, DET p Q. Is West Nile Encephalitis a viral or bacterial disease? A. Viral S. ES p Q. What is the term for the irritated and spreading sores that develop from the eggs of the Habronema fly in a wound? A. Summer sores S. DET p

62 Round 1 Toss Up Bonus Attached 17. Q. What is the recommendation for the minimum height for a perimeter. fence? A. 5 feet (60 inches) S. HIH 350-1, Evans p. 760 Bonus Question 18. Q. (Bonus) Identify three advantages of having a Dutch or open top exterior door for each horse stall. A. Improves stable ventilation (better air quality) More light Permits horse to put head out into fresh air Decreases respiratory diseases Helps alleviate boredom/stable vices Provides a fire exit S. Lewis p. 181 Resume Open Questions 19. Q. What is a Brumby? A. Wild Australian horse S. DET p. 41 5

63 Round Q. What is the name of the marking down the center of the back of a dun colored horse? A. Dorsal stripe S. ES p Q. You are judging a cutting horse competition. What is the base score that each entry starts with? A. 70 S. HIH 180D Q. What part of a horse s digestive system is the longest? A. Small intestine (70 feet) S. HIH Q. Which current breed of horse is called the peacock of the horse world? A. American Saddlebred S. Evans p. 38 6

64 Round 1 Toss Up Bonus Attached 24. Q. What are two basic classifications of forages or hay? A. Legumes and grasses S. YLM int L Bonus Question 25. Q. Name three tools a farrier would use when trimming a horse s hoof. A. Farrier s knife (hoof knife), rasp, hoof nippers (nippers), hoof levelers, hoof pick S. Evans p. 722, 725 Resume Open Questions 26. Q. Describe an Indian pony. A. A small horse of Pinto color S. DET p Q. You do the math.a pony that is 48 inches tall would be considered to be how many hands tall? A. 12 hands S. Evans p

65 Round Q. What is the name of the driving hitch in which two horses are hitched as a pair of wheel horses with the third in front as a single lead horse? A. Unicorn hitch S. DET p Q. What is the total number of bones in the skeleton of a horse? A. 205 S. Evans p. 90 Last Question of the Round 30. Q. What is the term for the conformational defect in which the hoofs of the Front legs of the horse point in rather than straight ahead? A. Pigeon-toed S. DET p