Class 17: C14 Productivity NOTES: NOTES: NOTES:

Transcription

1 Slide 1 Measuring Primary Production, P vs. I curves, shade acclimation, Model P vs. I approach, SSCM Slide 2 Wimba Sessions Slide 3 Phytoplankton Readings Page 1 of 33

2 Slide 4 Phytoplankton Readings Slide 5 The Gulf of Maine bloom Slide 6 Global Primary Production Page 2 of 33

3 Slide 7 Estimating ì from Assimilation Number Slide 8 Assimilation number, C:Chl a, and ì Slide 9 Assimilation number, ì & temperature Page 3 of 33

4 Slide 10 Maximum Chl-specific production, per hour, vs. Temperature Slide 11 Excursis on grazing & the dilution method Slide 12 Nano- and microzooplankton are usually the dominant grazers Page 4 of 33

5 Slide 13 Ciliates (microzooplankton) Slide 14 Allometry of rmax (ìmax) Slide 15 Weak allometry in phytoplankton Page 5 of 33

6 Slide 16 Ciliate ì > Phytoplankton ì Slide 17 Reduced zooplankton ingestion of phytoplankton at low prey density Slide 18 Holling s (1959) Ingestion curves Page 6 of 33

7 Slide 19 Calanus pacificus ingestion Slide 20 The dilution method Slide 21 Landry-Hassett dilution method Page 7 of 33

8 Slide 22 Taxon-specific dilution method Slide 23 Specific growth rates in the field Slide 24 Typical growth rates Page 8 of 33

9 Slide 25 Typical growth rates Slide 26 In situ fluorescence, fluorescence yield & shade acclimation Slide 27 Lorenzen (1966) Page 9 of 33

10 Slide 28 Chlorophyll a Slide 29 All phytoplankton have Chl a Slide 30 In situ fluorometry allows an analysis of fine scale pattern in phytoplankton biomass, in real time Page 10 of 33

11 Slide 31 Photosystem II is the source of most fluorescence Slide 32 Fluorescence yield not constant: open & closed reaction centers Slide 33 Fluorescence yield Page 11 of 33

12 Slide 34 How do you measure production? Slide 35 Productivity methods Slide 36 C-14 method Page 12 of 33

13 Slide 37 Estimating productivity Slide 38 Estimating productivity Slide 39 Esimating 14C productivity Page 13 of 33

14 Slide 40 C-14 method blanks Slide 41 (HOT) Hawaii Ocean Time-Series Slide 42 Gross primary Productivity Page 14 of 33

15 Slide 43 sea) Carbon flow in bottles (& the Slide 44 The oxygen method Slide 45 O2 vs. 14C Page 15 of 33

16 Slide 46 Primary production underestimated Slide MA Bay seasonal production Slide 48 Falkowski & Raven P vs. E curves Page 16 of 33

17 Slide 49 Slide 50 PAR & units of light intensity Slide 51 Converting units of light intensity Page 17 of 33

18 Slide 52 Photoacclimation: to light intensity & light quality Slide 53 Photoacclimation: to light intensity & light quality Slide 54 Types of shade acclimation Page 18 of 33

19 Slide 55 Measuring the Chl a profile Slide 56 Shade acclimation (adaptation) Slide 57 Shade acclimation (adaptation) Page 19 of 33

20 Slide 58 Quenching Slide 59 Gross primary productivity Slide 60 Jassby & Platt s (1976) Equation Page 20 of 33

21 Slide 61 Carbon-specific gross production Slide 62 Carbon-specific Production Slide 63 Chl a - specific Production Page 21 of 33

22 Slide 64 Photoinhibition Equation Slide 65 Carbon-specific gross production Slide 66 Vertical profiles of photosynthesis Page 22 of 33

23 Slide 67 Depth Hourly Gross Productivity vs. Slide 68 Hourly Gross Productivity Slide 69 Cells are not stationary! Page 23 of 33

24 Slide 70 Euphotic zone (.1% light depth), mixed layer depth, and critical depth Slide 71 Non-dimensional production Slide 72 The model P vs I approach vs. SIS Page 24 of 33

25 Slide 73 Model estimates of production Slide 74 Model P vs. I approach Slide vs. 24-h incubations Page 25 of 33

26 Slide 76 Harrison et al. (1985) Slide 77 Slide 78 Problems at low light intensities Page 26 of 33

27 Slide 79 Areal production accurate Slide 80 P vs. I parameters indicate shade adaptation/stratification Slide 81 Applications Page 27 of 33

28 Slide 82 The MA Bay Outfall Slide 83 Realistic P vs. I parameters Slide 84 MA Bay P vs. I parameters Page 28 of 33

29 Slide 85 MA Bay assimilation numbers Slide 86 Why might assimilation numbers be too high? Slide 87 Seasonal variation in A.N. Page 29 of 33

30 Slide 88 Model P vs. I approach: can account for differences in irradiance (due to clouds) Slide MA Bay Production Slide 90 2 different production estimates Page 30 of 33

31 Slide 91 2 different production estimates Slide 92 Excursis on the Subsurface Chlorophyll maxima Slide 93 MA Bay subsurface Chl a maxima Page 31 of 33

32 Slide 94 As noted by Cullen, SSFluoresence not necessarily a SSChl max nor SSCarbon max Slide 95 Internal waves and MA Bay SSCM Slide 96 Fine structure of the SSCM Page 32 of 33

33 Slide 97 Fine structure of the SSCM Slide 98 Fine structure of the SSCM Slide 99 Fine structure of the SSCM Page 33 of 33