Line Rochefort.
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1 Line Rochefort
2 Intervention Ecology (Hobbs 2012) Covers a wide range of interventions in ecosystem dynamics that are increasingly required to ensure the continuation of ecosystem service provision and biodiversity provision The central question is whether our interventions can be planned and guided in a way that is beneficial both to humanity and to other organisms.
3 Philosophy in peatland management cannot be the same across region with different landuse histories Oil sands impacts on peat bogs Peat extraction for energy
4 Knowledge base model are needed to ensure successful ecological restoration Degraded Comparison and/or of Undisturbed So adaptation will be possible from site to site or different context Species Pool C. Improve ment of D. Environ Improve mental ment of Constrain Dispersal ts Novel Constrain Species Pool ts B. Ecosystem A. Community Function Structure Target Species Pool Species Pool E. Monitor Restored Internal Species Pool Dynamics Long-term monitoring of structure and function Graf, M.D., V. Bérubé & L. Rochefort. Chapter 14: Restoration of peatlands after peat extraction: impacts, restoration goals and techniques. In Vitt, DH & J Bhatti (eds), Restoration and Reclamation of Boreal Ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK (In press) Graf, M.D. & L. Rochefort. A framework for the restoration of industrial peatlands. In Bonn, A., et al. (eds), Peatland Restoration for Ecosystems Services. Ecological Reviews of Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. (In press)
5
6 Canada
7 % cover Dispersion ok but no establishment Vacuum-milled peatlants n = 395 peat fields Excepted in ditches Poulin, Rochefort et al. 2005
8 Left unrestored: Colorado - mined site 100 to 120 years ago Continued exportation of sediments to streams and rivers
9 Sphagnum moss transfer method: Dry restoration approach (as peat fields are not flooded) - with Sphagna from Acutifolia or Sphagnum sections - has the advantage to favor carbon sequestration and reduce methane emissions Publications at
10 Studies on abiotic and biological filters Examples on summer drought: 50 to 60 C Price 1996, 1997 Price, Rochefort & Quinty 1998 Sagot & Rochefort 1996
11 Physiological studies for thresholds: RH treatments (drying salts)
12 Scaling up to field trials How to protect against moss dessiccation: mulching
13 Ecosystem scale: Planification!!
14 1. Site preparation (remove biological crusting, redistribute water)
15 Automne 2009
16 1. Site preparation (remove biological crusting, redistribute water) If sloping with bunds
17 2. Plant collection (first top 5 cm of the moss layer, regenerate quickly spontaneously)
18 Collection methods in wet spongy places, need to innovate
19 2. Plant collection (on frozen ground) Management of donor sites Seba Beach, Alberta
20 3. Plant spreading (extensively, not clumped, uniformely without ruts)
21 4. Straw mulch spreading (wheat straw, best structure for microclimate) Needed for climate with 400 to 1200 mm of rain with an EP deficit in the summer
22 Heaving of dowels (cm) 5. Fertilizer application (to favor Polytrichum species) No straw Straw B C B Carpet Fragments Absent * * A Level of polytric A * * A
23
24 6. Blocking ditches (in cleaned ditches, with humified peat)
25 Bois-des-Bel: Non-restored zone 28 years
26 BDB
27 BDB field station
28
29 Challenge: assessing project success! Sector Peatland YearRest Season # Plots Year+1 Year+2 Year+3 Year+4 Year+5 Year+6 Year+7 Year+8 Year+9 Year+10 Year+11 Year+12 Year+13 Year+14 Year+15 BSA2000 Baie-Sainte-Anne 2000 Fall BDB1999 Bois des Bel 2000 Fall CAR2006 Caribou 2006 Spring CAR2007 Caribou 2007 Spring CAR2007 Caribou 2007 Spring CDL1995 Chemin du Lac 1995 Fall CDL1997 Chemin du Lac 1997 Fall CDL1999 Chemin du Lac 1999 Fall CDL2000 Chemin du Lac 2000 Fall CDL2001 Chemin du Lac 2001 Fall CDL2002 Chemin du Lac 2002 Fall CDL2003 Chemin du Lac 2003 Fall INK1997 Inkerman Ferry 1997 Fall INK2008 Inkerman Ferry 2008 Fall KEN2001 Kent 2001 Fall KEN2007 Kent 2007 Fall KEN2008 Kent 2008 Fall MAI2000 Maisonnette 2000 Fall MAI2006 Maisonnette 2006 Fall LEB2004 Pointe-Lebel 2004 Spring POK2006 Pokesudie 2006 Fall POK2008 Pokesudie 2008 Fall RAV2006 Ravendale 2006 Spring RAV2007 Ravendale 2007 Spring SCB1999 St-Charles-de-Bellechasse 1999 Fall STM_A1994 Sainte-Margarite 1994 Spring STM_AB1995 Sainte-Margarite 1995 Spring STM_B1996 Sainte-Margarite 1996 Spring STM_H1997 Sainte-Margarite 1997 Spring STM_H1998 Sainte-Margarite 1998 Spring STM_AA1999 Sainte-Margarite 1999 Spring STM_H1999 Sainte-Margarite 1999 Fall STM_AA2000 Sainte-Margarite 2000 Spring STM_E2000 Sainte-Margarite 2000 Fall STM_KL2000 Sainte-Margarite 2000 Fall STM_AA2001 Sainte-Margarite 2001 Spring STM_E2001 Sainte-Margarite 2001 Spring STM_GKL2001 Sainte-Margarite 2001 Spring STM_AA2002 Sainte-Margarite 2002 Spring STM_F2002 Sainte-Margarite 2002 Spring STM_HJ2002 Sainte-Margarite 2002 Fall STM_AD2003 Sainte-Margarite 2003 Fall STM_F2003 Sainte-Margarite 2003 Spring STM_L2003 Sainte-Margarite 2003 Spring STM_AA2004 Sainte-Margarite 2004 Spring SMO1997a Saint-Modeste 1997 Fall SMO1997b Saint-Modeste 1997 Fall VER2005 Verbois 2005 Fall VER2006 Verbois 2006 Fall years of monitoring 57 peatland projects 273 permanent plots 1325 observations
30 Richness Challenge: assessing project success! years after restoration Non-R. Rest REF No difference in plant diversity
31 Each species was attributed to one of the six following habitat categories Peatland Richness Challenge: assessing project success! Forest Facultative wetland Obligate wetland Ruderal Other UNRfield RESfield REF
32 Challenge: Lack of reintroductionmaterial? Sphagnum farming Sphagnum culture also done in Germany, Finland and Chile Luc Miousse
33 Main issue: landscape fragmentation Goal: yes a peatland back but a treed one (closure of the landscape) Summit County citizen voice
34 Net carbon flux Water flow
35 Challenges: road and associated ditch 20 m 2.4 m
36 Tree density along the ditch Tree growth favored by ditch 25 m 10 m Water table influenced by trees
37 Challenge: adaptation to size of ditch Big ditch, big structures! Larch lumber boxes filled with peat
38 Dam installation Heavy structure = special transportation!
39 Dam installation Big structure = not so big machinery
40 Dam installation
41 Results
42 Any suggestion for peatland management adaptation to oil pad context is welcome! Ayotte 2011
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