Dataset of post stamps on rocket and satellite ( )

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1 第 9 卷增刊 04 年 月 地理学报 ACTA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA Vol.9, Supplement August, 04 Dataset of post stamps on rocket and satellite (95-959) LIU Chuang (Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 000, China) Abstract: The launching of rocket and satellite was one of the major tasks of International Geophysical Year (IGY). The first of Russia satellite named Sputnik was successful launched on 4 October 95, which is recognized as a milestone for a new era - a space age. Besides the satellites of Sputnik, and, Luna, and from Russia, the Explorer,, 4,,, Vanguard,,, Pioneer,,, 4, Discoverer,, 5,,, and Score from USA were successful launched from in IGY (The Rocket and Satellite task was extended for implementation for one more year in 959 than that of tasks else from 95-95). For celebrating and commemorating the great achievements in human history, countries in the world issued post stamps during IGY, the first three years of the space era. The collection of post stamps consisted of 49 pieces from countries are archived in LIN Chao Geomuseum ( The dataset consisted of 49.jpg files for all of archived stamps and one table file which is the list of the collections. The code, image, date issued, country issued, contributor and descriptions are listed at the table items. Keywords: rocket; satellites; post stamps; dataset; IGY; DOI: 0./dlxb04S005 Citation: LIU Chuang. Dataset of post stamps on rocket and satellite (95-959). Global Change Research Data Publishing and Repository, 04. DOI:0.94/geodb v, geodoi.ac.cn/weben/doi.aspx?doi=0.94/geodb v Introduction After the Second World War, there was an urgent need for world wide scientists and international science communities to recover the international cooperation activities. The th General Assembly (GA) of the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU - International Council for Sciences now) was held in October 95 in Amsterdam. An important decision made at the GA, which was to launch the International Geophysical Year program (IGY for short) from July, 95 to December, 95, that was also called as the Third International Polar Year (IPY). At this program, ICSU played overall leadership role, Special Committee for the International Geophysical Year (CSAGI - Comité Spécial de I'Année Géophysique Internationale) was established in 95. Partners included Union Radio Scientifique Internationale (URSI), International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), International Astronomical Union (IAU), International Geographical Received: ; Accepted: Foundation: National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.4 Author: LIU Chuang (94- ), Professor, Vice Chair of Expert Committee of China GEOSS, Editor- in- Chief of Global Change Research Data Publishing and Repository, CODATA Prize Recipient (00). lchuang@igsnrr.ac.cn -5

2 Suppl. LIU Chuang: Dataset of post stamps on rocket and satellite (95-959) 9 Full Name Short Name Author Geographical region Year of the dataset Data publisher Data access and services platform Academic editors Data sharing policy Table Summary of the SatelliteStamps_95_959 metadata Dataset of post stamps on rocket and satellite (95-959) SatelliteStamps_95_959 LIU Chuang, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, CAS, lchuang@igsnrr.ac.cn Bulgaria, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Chile, Cameroon, Cuba, Dominica, China, Ecuador, Germany(East), Germany(West), Haiti, Hungary, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, The Netherlands, Peru, Poland, Romania, the Soviet Union (former), USA, Yugoslavia Global Change Research Data Publishing and Repository, DOI:0.94/ Global Change Research Data Publishing and Repository, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Data Sharing Infrastructure of Earth System Sciences of China, SHI Ruixiang, CHEN Wenbo, HE Shujin The author of the dataset agrees to publish the data here according to the Article I of Data Sharing Policy of the Global Change Data Publishing and Repository, which states that the dataset can be used freely for research, education, and decision making; any users for commercial uses should get formal permission from IGSNRR/CAS. Union (IGU), International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) and World Meteorological Organization (WMO) []. More than 50,000 scientists from countries joined the most ambitious international program in human history []. 4 special science groups were established including the group of rocket and satellite [-4]. In implementation, the task of rocket and satellite was extended for one more year, till end of 959 [5]. The most remarkable achievement was the successful launched Sputnik on October 4, 95 [-], three months later since the IGY started. Then the Soviet Union issued post stamps to congratulate and commemorate the most remarkable achievement in human history. Following, countries did the same thing together with multiple cultures and arts. By the impact of the event, collections of rocket and satellite post stamps become popular not only in scientific communities, but society. The philatelic associations on rocket and satellite in many countries were established very soon. The dataset of post stamps on rocket and satellite (95-959) is consisted of 49 stamps issued from from countries, which are archived in LIN Chao Geomuseum ( the joint effort from International Geographical Union (IGU), International Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) and Geographical Society of China (GSC) in 0. Metadata of dataset of rocket and satellite post stamps (95-959) The descriptions of the rocket and satellite post stamps (95-959) (SatelliteStamps_ 95_959 for short) dataset are recorded. These information include the dataset full name, dataset short name, corresponding author, authors, geographical region of the dataset content, year of the dataset, number of the dataset tiles, dataset spatial and temporal resolution, dataset format and size, data publisher, data sharing platform and contact information, technical editors, foundation and the data sharing policy. Table below summarizes the main metadata elements of the SatelliteStamps_95_959 dataset. Figure IGY Logo () Figure IGY Logo ()

3 0 ACTA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA Vol.9 Figure (RU95000) A mark was over printed on November in back in the commemorative stamp issued by Soviet Union for remembering Mr. Konstantin Tsiolkovsky' 00 th anniversary on October 95 : The First Artificial Satellite Launched on October 4, 95 (Konstantin Tsiolkovsky was born on September 5) (Scott No. 0) Figure 4 (RU950004) Soviet Union issued commemorative stamps on November 5 and December for celebrating Sputnik successfully launched on October 4, 95. (Scott No. 99) Figure 5 (RU95000) Soviet Union issued a set of four stamps for celebrating Sputnik - Symbolic Figure and Greeting Sputnik in later of 95 to earlier of 95. The most significant achievement of the Sputnik was carrying Laika into space - a first dog in space. Here is the postcard with the IGY logo, stamp on Sputnik and image of Laika. Content of the dataset The earliest symbol of satellite moving around the earth was the International Geophysical Year (IGY) logos (Figures and ). However, the real satellite information on commemorative stamps were issued by the Soviet Union after the first Soviet satellite launched successfully on October 4, 95. Two sets of post stamps were issued by Soviet Union then, one was the stamp remembering Mr. Konstantin Tsiolkovsky' 00th anniversary, and the second was commemorative stamp for celebrating Sputnik successfully launched. For celebrating the 00th anniversary birthday of Mr. Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (5-95), Rocket and Astronautics Pioneer and Father of Rocket and Satellite of the Soviet Union, the Soviet Union issued a commemorative stamp on October 95. With the Sputnik, the first artificial earth satellite, successfully launched on October 4, 95, a special mark was over printed in the stamp: The First Artificial Earth Satellite Launched on October 4, 95 (Figure ). For celebrating the Sputnik successfully launched, the Soviet Union issued a set of two stamps - Sputnik Circling (Figure 4). Both of them were 40K. One of them in indigo, bluish was issued on Nov. 5, and other one in bright blue was issued on December. The former one is recognized as the first stamp of space era (Scott No. 0) and the later set of stamps is recognized as the first set of stamps of artificial earth satellite (Scott No.99 and No.99) [9-0]. During IGY, although a dozen of countries joined the rocket and satellite cooperation activities, only Soviet Union and USA successfully launched artificial satellites. Soviet Union had two series, one was earth satellites, and other one was lunar satellites. earth satellites (Sputnik, and ) and lunar satellites (Luna, and ) [0] in all the satellites were successfully launched. While in USA, 9 satellites in 5 series were successfully launched. They were: Explorer (,, 4,, and ), VANGUARD (, and ) [], PIONEER (,, and 4), SCORE and Discoverer (,, 5,,, and ). Totally 5 satellites in series were successfully launched in the three yeas, the beginning of space age. The mission and its great achievements of rocket and satellite program of IGY called

4 Suppl. LIU Chuang: Dataset of post stamps on rocket and satellite (95-959) Figure (US9500) The first US satellite - Explorer was successful launched on January 95 at Fort Canaveral of Florida. It was sent to space by Jupiter C Rocket. The Explorer means US enters the space age. US issued the commemorate cover at the same day and the date stamp from the Fort Canaveral post office was printed on the cover. The most important discovering of this satellite was the Van Allen Belts in space. Figure (RU959000) During IGY, Soviet Union successfully launched a series of artificial Luna satellites. They are Luna, and. The first lunar surface image, photographing far site of moon, was transferred to Earth by Luna on October 959. Soviet Union Post issued a set of stamps for celebrating the scientific achievement from the lunar satellites. Figure 9 (PL959000) Poland Post issued stamp for celebrating Soviet Union satellite in 959 Figure 0 (JP9500) The Ryukyu Islands Post issued stamp for news week in 95 Figure (US9500) As one of IGY achievements, the US Navy successfully launched Vanguard on March, 95 from Fort Canaveral of Florida. The date stamp on March, 95 from Patrick Air Force Base post office of Florida was on the cover. Figure (HU9590) Hungry Post issued stamp for celebrating Soviet Union's Luna satellite in 959 Figure (MN959000)Mongolia Post issued stamp for celebrating Soviet Union's satellites in 959 Figure (CS9500)Czechoslovakia Post issued stamps for IGY in 95 most people from all over the world to pay more attention on it, from scientific communities, policy makers to all society. The stamps on rocket and satellite even played more roles in advertising the program in society[]. countries issued post stamps to commemorate the great achievement in human history. These countries are: Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Cameroon, Dominica, China, Ecuador, Germany (East), Germany (West), Haiti, Hungary, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, The Netherlands, Peru, Poland, Romania, the Soviet Union (former), USA, Yugoslavia.

5 ACTA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA Table List of satellites successfully launched during IGY (95-959) Vol.9 Year Soviet Union Satellites Name of satellite SPUTNIK SPUTNIK SPUTNIK Date launched Oct. 4, 95 Nov., 95 May 5, 95 USA Satellites Name of satellite Date launched EXPLORER VANGUARD EXPLORER EXPLORER 4 PIONEER PIONEER PIONEER SCORE Jan., 95 Mar., 95 Mar., 95 Jul., 95 Oct., 95 Nov., 95 Dec., 95 Dec., 95 Total 9 Table Statistics of collection of rocket and satellite post stamps (95-959) Country MNH Souvenir Sheet Cover Postcard Postal label Total Bulgaria Canada Czec 4 Chile Cameroon China 5 Cuba Dominica 4 5 Ecuador 5 Germany 4 0 Haiti 4 Hungary 5 Indonesia 5 Japan 4 N.Korea 5 5 Mongolia The Netherlands Peru Poland Romania Soviet Union USA 0 4 Yugoslavia Total (%) From individual stamps, it is obviously that the local culture had been integrated in the design of stamps; multi and diverse culture have been appeared in the images of stamps. For example, the Ryukyu Islands Post issued stamp for the News week in 95, while the rocket and satellite was the hot news in the news week. So, the pen representing news was design like rocket (Fig.0); China Post issued the stamp with red color as the basic color, Sputnik was on the stamp together with the figures of dragon and armillary sphere (an ancient tool of China for observing stars and sky). It signified not only celebrating the first earth satellite successfully launched, but also Chinese desire for the space studies.

6 Suppl. LIU Chuang: Dataset of post stamps on rocket and satellite (95-959) Figure 4 (CN95000)China Post issued stamp for celebrating the Sputnik in 95 Figure (EC9500) Ecuador Post issued stamp for IGY in 95 Figure (PE900)Peru Post issued stamp for IGY in 9 Figure 5 (CM95000) Cameroon Post issued stamp for celebrating USA' satellites in 95 Figure 9 (ID95005) Indonesia Post issued stamp for IGY in 95 Figure (DE9500) Germany Post (East) issued stamp for IGY in 95 Figure 0 (KP95004) North Korea Post issued stamp for IGY in 95 Figure (BG9500) Bulgaria Post issued stamp for celebrating Sputnik in 95 Figure (HT9500) Haiti Post issued stamp for IGY in 95 Figure (RO95000) Romania Post issued stamp for celebrating the Sputnik in 95 Figure 4 (YU9500) Yugoslavia Post issued stamp for IGY in 95 There are several items in the dataset of collection of rocket and satellite post stamps (95959), including stamp archiving code, country issued, image, stamp type, date issued, contributor and short descriptions. With the stamps on rocket and satellite issued, the stamp collection and the philatelic became popular. The stamps not only were issued according to the meaning of scientific and art, but the stamp Figure 5 Statistics of stamp types archived technology. For example, some of stamps were issued at imperforated MNH although most of them were perforated MNH. Not only, the color, figure design, art and history, sizes, annotation, and price were all different. All of these made the philatelic society on rocket and satellite more active and attractive (Figures 5, and ). Another example is a cover with mistake printing. China Post issued a set of two stamps

7 ACTA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA 4 Figure Bulgaria Post Issued stamps for celebrating Sputnik in 959 in both imperforated (BG ) and perforated (BG959000) formats Figure Dominica Post issued IGY sheet in 959 in both imperforated (DO959050) and perforated (DO959050) formats Figure 9 (CN95050) China Philatelic Corporation issued the first data cover for the Beijing Astronomical Observatory in 95, the words were wrong printed in the cover Vol.9 Figure Hungary Post Issued stamps for celebrating Sputnik satellites in 959 in both imperforated (HU9590) and perforated (HU9590) formats Figure 0 (CN950509) China Philatelic Corporation issued the first data cover for the Beijing Astronomical Observatory in 95, the words were all right printed in the cover titled as Beijing Astronomical Observatory in 95. At the same day, the first day cover issued. However, there are two different copies of the cover released then (Figures 9 and 0). In the left corner of bottom, the world of China Philatelic Corporation in Chinese appeared in right one is correct (Figure 9) and the left one is wrong (making the wrong order of the words). From the point of view of collection, the wrong one may even more expensive than another one since the number of cover printed was much less than regular one. So, the LIN Chao Geomuseum collected both of them and archived. 4 Acknowledgement The stamps which are listed at the dataset and archived in the LIN Chao Geomuseum

8 Suppl. LIU Chuang: Dataset of post stamps on rocket and satellite (95-959) 5 are from donors, they are LIU Chuang ( stamps), CHEN Wenbo (4 stamps) and LIU Yang ( stamps). LIU Chuang completed the database development based on these contributions. More information of the dataset and its contributors are listed at the Contributor Hall of LIN Chao Geomuseum at References [] Luigi G. Jacchia, Two atmospheric effects in the orbital acceleration of artificial satellites. Nature, 959, February(). [] Moscow Meeting of the Joint Commission on Solar and Terrestrial Relationships. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 959, (4). [] Adriaan Blaauw. History of the IAU: The Birth and Half- century of the International Astronomical Union, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 994. [4] Zhu Gangkun. Introduction to IGY. Chinese Science Bulletin, 9, (): -. [5] Sydney Chapman. IGY: Year of Discovery, the Story of the International Geophysical Year. the University of Michigan Press, 959. [] Hugh Odishaw. National Bureau of Standards, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., Executive Secretary (later, Executive Director) of The International Geophysical Year, chapman/igy.html [] Geophysical Monograph Number, Geophysics and the IGY, Proceedings of the Symposium at the Opening of the International Geophysical Year, Conducted by the United States National Committee for the International Geophysical Year, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., June - 9, 95. Edited by Hugh Odishaw and Stanley Ruttenberg, American Geophysical Union of the National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Publication No.590, 95. [] Asif A. Siddiqi, Korolev, Sputnik, and The International Geophysical Year, sputnik/siddiqi.html [9] James Harford,Korolev's Triple Play: Sputniks,, and, html [0] Roger D. Launius, Sputnik and the Origins of the Space Age. sputorig.html. [] Heinz Badner. Congress for Disarmament and International Cooperation, Stockholm, - July 95, 95 Vienna.