WINDSPEED project: Assessing future offshore grid infrastructure

Transcription

1 WINDSPEED project: Assessing future offshore grid infrastructure Lachlan Cameron (ECN) Additional authors: SINTEF Energy Research ECN Daniel Huertas Hernando, Silke van Dyken, Thomas Trötscher, Magnus Korpås Karina Veum

2 Outline 1. Windspeed introduction 2. Offshore grid 2020 base assumptions 3. Offshore grid 2030 inputs 4. Preliminary results 5. Initial conclusions and ongoing work

3 WINDSPEED objectives Offshore Wind Deployment Roadmap for Central/Southern North Sea Ambitious but realistic target(s) for offshore wind for Decision Support System (tool for spatial planning) Spatial representation of wind energy potential and cost in relation to nonwind sea functions and environmental aspects Scenario analysis Addressing opportunities for additional space for offshore wind deployment in light of other sea use functions Possible grid configurations to accompany future offshore wind deployment

4 WINDSPEED cost inputs Bathymetry Geological Conditions Storm Surge Spring Tidal Amplitude Mean Wave Height Extreme Wave Height Staging Ports Grid Connection Points Ave. Wind Speed at 90m Shading indicates Levelised Production Cost

5 WINDSPEED spatial inputs Cables & Pipelines Military Sand Extraction Shipping Density Shipping Routes Oil & Gas Platforms Fisheries Nature Conservations Zones Fish species richness Benthic value Bird Sensitivity Existing and Planned OWP

6 WINDSPEED Decision Support System: Example

7 Cost versus potential - example

8 Modelling Process DSS: spatially constrained potential ReSolve-E : market constrained potential Net-Op: Offshore grid and balancing COMPETES: transmission constrained

9 Modelling Process DSS: spatially constrained potential ReSolve-E : market constrained potential Net-Op: Offshore grid and balancing COMPETES: transmission constrained

10 General problem description ~? ~ How to connect nodes with transmission lines to achieve optimal social benefit? ~ Problem: Objective: Exogenous variables: Unknowns: Problem type: Connect off-shore wind farms to the on-shore grid and build interconnectors between countries Maximize social economic benefit Capacity and location of offshore wind power clusters, land connection points, wind statistics and power prices, onshore grid, grid infrastructure costs. Where to build cables and with what power rating This is a mixed integer problem which can be solved with a branch and bound algorithm

11 Our system: North Sea region 60 o N NO 58 o N 56 o N DK 54 o N 52 o N UK NL DE BE 50 o N 0 o 3 o E 6 o E 9 o E

12 Input data - Baseline 2020 Marginal cost of generation, capacities and time series of load National Renewable Energy Action Plans (2020) ENTSO-E SA scenarios Existing exchange capacity between countries and HVDC links ENTSO-E Capacity and location of offshore wind power clusters DSS tool, OffshoreGrid, SINTEF, TradeWind Land connection nodes Windspeed (D2.4) Cost scenarios for cables, converter stations, switchgear and offshore platforms Windspeed (D2.2) Wind and solar time series data (1 hour resolution) TradeWind

13 Existing HVDC links in 2020 Area Name Country [MW] Technology Status Expected year North Sea BritNed GB - NL 1290 HVDC LCC Construction 2011 North Sea Skagerrak 4 NO -DK 1750 HVDC LCC Design & permitting 2014 North Sea Cobra Cable DK - NL 700 HVDC LCC Design & permitting 2016 North Sea Nemo Cable GB - BE 1000 HVDC LCC Planned 2016 North Sea NorNed2 NO - NL 1400 HVDC LCC Consideration 2017 North Sea NorGer NO-DE 1400 HVDC LCC/VSC Consideration 2016 North Sea Brit-Nor NO - GB? HVDC LCC/VSC ?

14 Existing HVDC links in o N NO 58 o N 56 o N Brit-Nor Skagerrak Nor-Ger DK NorNed 54 o N Cobra NTC 52 o N UK Nemo BritNed NTC NL NTC DE BE 50 o N 0 o 3 o E 6 o E 9 o E

15 Step 1: Offshore wind 2020 plans Consider those greater than 70km from shore and likely in 2020 as part of an offshore mesh grid

16 Step1: Offshore wind 2020 plans 1000 Dogger Bank a 1000 MW 350 Breeveertien II 468 Den Helder Tromp Binnen 282 Brown Ridge Oost Thornton Bank demo 270 Thornton Bank I+II 216 Eldepasco 330 Belwind 360 North Sea Power 288 Rentel 200 BE_Zone1_6 300 BE_Zone1_ MW 1994 MW 4991 MW 1600 MW 400 Nordpassage 320 Nördlicher Grund phase DanTysk phase 1 80 Sandbank extension 400 Sandbank 24 phase Austerngrund 400 BARD Offshore 1 phase Borkum Riffgat 231 Borkum Riffgrund I 280 Borkum Riffgrund West phase Borkum West II 100 Deutsche Bucht a 400 Globaltech 1 phase Godewind phase He Dreiht 400 Hochsee Windpark Nordsee phase Innogy Nordsee MEG Offshore I

17 Step 2: Incremental Capacity DSS example 1000 MW 8346 MW 8138 MW 2066 MW In the Deep

18 Offshore wind clusters In the Deep 8346 MW 8138 MW 9000 MW 1600 MW 4991 MW 3466 MW 1994 MW

19 60 o N 58 o N 8346 MW 8138 MW 56 o N Pink dot Country node 9000 MW 1600 MW Blue triangle Wind farm cluster 54 o N 4991 MW Black square Onshore connection point 3466 MW Red lines Existing connections 52 o N 1994 MW 50 o N 0 o 3 o E 6 o E 9 o E In the Deep 2030

20 In the Deep 2030 Year NO* DK DE NL BE # UK Supply (MW) Mainly NREAP data for renewable and traditional generation sources ReSolve-E output (2020 data for this example) Year NO* DK DE NL BE # UK Demand (TWh) time series of load (hourly resolution) * NVE/SINTEF for NO # ENTSO-E SA for BE + PRIMES & EURPROG

21 Offshore Node configuration Onshore Wind farm AC breakers and switchgear: AC-side Connections from wind farm and other AC nodes ~ = AC/DC converter, DC bus &substructure: Cost = M DC-side DC breakers and switchgear: Cost = 136.1M / (per cable) DC-side DC breakers and switchgear: Cost = 167.M / (per cable) DC/AC converter, AC bus &substructure: Cost = M = ~ Cables (600MW blocks): Cost = 0.76 M /km Connections to AC nodes in land and other DC nodes offshore ~ AC-side Cost figures from Windspeed deliverable (D2.2)

22 60 o N = 1 58 o N 56 o N 54 o N 9000 MW MW 8346 MW MW 1600 MW 4991 MW Offshore DC breakers and switchgear : Cost = 156.4M / 1 (per cable) Onshore DC breakers and switchgear: Cost = 136.1M / 1 (per cable) ~ = 52 o N MW o N Results - In the Deep o 3 o E 6 o E 9 o E

23 60 o N = 3 58 o N Offshore DC breakers and switchgear : Cost = 156.4M / 3 (per cable) 56 o N Onshore DC breakers and switchgear: Cost = 136.1M / 3 (per cable) o N ~ = o N o N 0 o 3 o E 6 o E 9 o E Results - In the Deep 2030

24 60 o N = 5 58 o N Offshore DC breakers and switchgear : Cost = 156.4M / 5 (per cable) 56 o N Onshore DC breakers and switchgear: Cost = 136.1M / 5 (per cable) o N ~ = o N o N 0 o 3 o E 6 o E 9 o E Results - In the Deep 2030

25 EWEA Master Plan

26 Preliminary conclusions Cost of VSC HVDC T-offs/circuit breakers as well as distance to shore will influence optimal grid structure Higher costs short distance radial + bilateral interconnectors Lower costs long distance meshed grid Meshed grids Improve reliability of grid connection for wind farms Make it viable to connect wind farms further offshore WINDSPEED provides a way to identify new areas for offshore wind deployment, assess plans for offshore grid development and give recommendations on future pathways

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