OFFSHORE WIND: A CRASH COURSE

Transcription

1 OFFSHORE WIND: A CRASH COURSE

2 OFFSHORE WIND: DEFINED

3 OFFSHORE WIND: Construction of wind farms in bodies of water to generate electricity from wind. Unlike the typical usage of the term offshore in the marine industry, offshore wind power includes inshore water areas such as lakes, fjords and sheltered coastal areas, utilizing traditional fixed-bottom wind turbine technologies, as well as deeper-water areas utilizing floating wind turbines. THE US National Renewable Energy Laboratory has further defined offshore wind power based on its siting in terms water depth to include shallow water, transitional water and deep water offshore wind power.

4 OFFSHORE WIND: HISTORY

5 CAPE WIND NJ LEG DE PROJECT DE PROJECT DE PROJECT DOE DEMO PROJECTS ROUND 1 MD LEGISLATION THE NETWORKS FIRST IPF HOSTING THE NETWORK IS FOUNDED 2017 MA LEGISLATION DOE DEMO ROUND 2 THE NETWORK EXPANDS SCOPE BEYOND MD COP 21 & WHITE HOUSE SUMMIT BLOCK ISLAND

6 OFFSHORE WIND: FIXED FOUNDATION FARMS

7 THERE ARE OVER 50 EUROPE S LEADERS EUROPEAN OFFSHORE WIND FARMS BELGIUM DENMARK FINLAND BE DK FI RESULTING IN 3,813MW GERMANY IRELAND NETHERLANDS DE IE NL OPERATING CAPACITY NORWAY SWEDEN NO SE UK UNITED KINGDOM

8 TOP 5 HIGHEST CAPACITY OSW FARMS EUROPE: London Array / UK 630MW Gemini Wind Farm / Netherlands 600MW Greater Gabbard / UK 504MW Anholt / Denmark 400MW BARD Offshore 1 / Germany 400MW

9 OFFSHORE WIND: ECONOMICS & BENEFITS

10 ECONOMICALLY 32% since reduction in energy costs for offshore wind 2012 VIABLE (SOLUTIONS) Improving wind performance models, including how design conditions and the wind resource are influenced by the presence of other wind farms. Reducing the weight of turbine materials 5.5 kwh Offshore wind prices continue to decrease. In Europe, the purchase price is as low as 5.5 / kwh Eliminating problematic gearboxes Turbine load-mitigation controls and strategies Turbine and rotor designs to minimize hurricane and typhoon damage 13 kwh Maryland offshore wind price Economic modeling and optimization of costs of the overall wind farm system, including installation, operations, and maintenance Service methodologies, remote monitoring, and diagnostics

11 ONE OFFSHORE WIND PROJECT CREATES 1,000+ construction jobs AND 4-6GW SUPPORTS A NORTHEAST REGIONAL PIPELINE CREATING 75,000 new jobs

12 OFFSHORE WIND: TECHNICAL DETAILS

13 ANEMOMETER NACELLE GEAR BOX BRAKE BLADE 10 6 ROTOR TOWER POWER CABLE YAW MOTOR YAW DRIVE GENERATOR 12 CONTROLLER PARTS OF A WIND TURBINE

14 OFFSHORE TURBINES REQUIRE DIFFERENT TYPES OF BASES FOR STABILITY, ACCORDING TO THE DEPTH OF WATER. TO DATE A NUMBER OF DIFFERENT SOLUTIONS EXIST: MONOPILE A monopile (single column) base, six meters in diameter, is used in waters up to 30 meters deep TRIPOD Tripod suction caisson structures, in water 20-80m deep JACKET Conventional steel jacket structures, as used in the oil and gas industry, in water 20-80m deep. Floating wind turbines are being developed for deeper water SUCTION Tripod suction caisson structures, in water 20-80m deep GRAVITY Gravity Base Structures, for use at exposed sites in water m deep

15 FLOATING BASE CONCEPTS Ballast stabilized sparbuoy with catenary mooring drag embedded anchors Mooring line stabilized tension leg platform with suction pile anchors Buoyancy stabilized barge with catenary mooring lines

16 OFFSHORE WIND: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

17 BENEFITS CONCERNS CO 2 H 2 O REDUCED WATER CONSUMPTION & WITHDRAWAL The risk of seabirds being struck by wind turbine blades or being displaced from critical habitats The underwater noise associated with the installation process of driving monopile turbines into the seabed SO 2 NO x PM The physical presence of offshore wind farms altering the behavior of marine mammals, fish, and seabirds with attraction or avoidance REDUCED SULFUR DIOXIDE REDUCED NITROGEN DIOXIDE REDUCED PARTICULATE MATTER 2.5 The potential disruption of the nearfield and farfield marine environment from large offshore wind projects