Life history characteristics of Snake River Fall Chinook salmon collected off the Oregon/Washington Coast
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1 Life history characteristics of Snake River Fall Chinook salmon collected off the Oregon/Washington Coast Brian Beckman, David Teel, Joe Fisher, Cheryl Morgan, Edmundo Casillas NOAA Fisheries, NWFSC Seattle, WA Funded by Bonneville Power and NOAA Fisheries
2 Juvenile salmon are collected at sea
3 Overall goal: understand mechanisms controlling marine survival of Columbia River salmon
4 125 W 124 W 123 W Alaska 48 N LaPush T I BPA Plume Washington Survey Casillas et al June and September 47 N Canada 4 46 N Astoria Tillamook US 45 N Oregon Seattle Columbia River 18m Newport
5 Salmon data generated (partial list): abundance by species, age class size population (microsat DNA) hatchery tags and marks stomach contents disease and parasites hormones scales and otoliths
6 Data tidbit: Proportion of ocean-captured juvenile Snake River fall Chinook salmon with hatchery marks 1 proportion captured n Sub-yearling Yearling June and September catches combined
7 Goals of talk: Inform about availability of information Ocean affects on Snake River Fall Chinook abundance Life history of Snake River Falls in ocean => compare to Snake River springs, Tule Falls Caveats: ocean-centric (I ll ignore Columbia River conditions) simplistic data analysis
8 Juvenile abundance = catch (#) normalized for time trawled and speed (CPUE).
9 Salmon doctrine: - Variation in marine mortality drives variation in adult abundance - Abundance set soon after ocean entry (1 month - 4 months) - abundance of juveniles in ocean may reflect adult return (jacks)
10 CPUE Snake Fall CPUE CPUE Snake Fall CPUE Snake fall Chinook catch similar to total Chinook catch June Chinook CPUE September Chinook CPUE total Snake Snake total June CPUE (total vs Snake) r 2 = Chinook CPUE September CPUE (total vs Snake) 29 r 2 = Chinook CPUE 29 Ocean entry year
11 Catch of Snake River fall Chinook mirrors total Chinook catch => common ocean mechanisms (good ocean vs bad ocean)
12 Proportion Snake River Fall June Proportion of total Chinook catch that is from Snake River Fall Chinook population.5.4 September.3.2.1
13 Snake River fall September CPUE Does hatchery production have an affect on ocean abundance? Snake River smolt release (FPC) Ocean entry year hatchery production is not correlated with ocean catch
14 September catch of Snake R fall Chinook is not related to June catch Ocean entry year Sept catch ratio Sept CPUE/June CPUE June catch
15 Marine abundance is not set in June
16 Does juvenile catch relate to adult abundance?
17 Quick and dirty assessment of relation between ocean catch and Snake River fall Chinook salmon adult abundance Proxy for Adult abundance = count at Lower Monumental caveats: no harvest no accounting for age class
18 Jacks at LoMo Adults (+2) at LoMo Adults (+3) at LoMo June catch There is no relation between juvenile abundance in June and subsequent adult abundance Ocean entry year
19 Jacks at LoMo Adults (+2) at LoMo Adults (+3) at LoMo r 2 =.49 r 2 = r 2 = r 2 = There is a significant and positive relation between juvenile abundance in Sept and subsequent adult abundance Ocean entry year CPUE for Sept 29 was very low (.26)
20 A more sophisticated analysis, including: ocean catch by age adult return by age and year of ocean entry, could provide a more useful set of tools for using ocean abundance to predict adult return.
21 T I Adaptive management of the research program: May sampling was expanded 6-7 transects N LaPush Washington 47 N 4 3 transects (assumed fish were not widely dispersed) 46 N 45 N Astoria Tillamook Oregon 18m Newport
22 Count Count Size Frequency of Chinook salmon in May and June (non-sub-yearlings) May No clean modes demarcating life history types June FL (mm)
23 Potential life histories of captured fish: sub-yearling smolt (.) yearling smolt (1.) sub-yearling smolt, 1 winter in ocean (.1) Defined by size, validated by CWT, scales
24 count Size frequency of Snake R Fall Chinook salmon May June Sept FL (mm) FL (mm)
25 count Size frequency of Snake R Fall Chinook salmon: => some over-winter off the Washington coast 1. smolts large (~2mm, spring-run ~ 15mm). smolts abundant in June older/larger fish absent in September May June Sept FL (mm) FL (mm)
26 Comparative life history yearling spring Chinook (stream-type) sub-yearling fall Chinook (ocean-type) Snake River fall Chinook??
27 ln 11KT (ng/ml) Upper Columbia and Snake Spring Chinook, ESA listed ( classic 1.) May and June 29 Maturing male? Female, no Female, yes Male, no Male, yes MaturingMale, no MaturingMale, yes undetermined, no undetermined, yes Fork length (mm) marked = 93% female = 42% maturing male (of males) = 16%
28 ln 11KT (ng/ml) Spring Creek (Tule) fall Chinook ( classic.1) May and June 29 Maturing male? Female, no Female, yes Male, no Male, yes MaturingMale, no MaturingMale, yes undetermined, no undetermined, yes Fork length (mm) marked = 9% female = 71% maturing male (of males) = 4%
29 ln 11KT (ng/ml) Maturing male? Snake River fall Chinook salmon May and June minijack Jack Female, no Female, yes Male, no Male, yes MaturingMale, no MaturingMale, yes undetermined, no undetermined, yes.5 unmarked fish Fork length (mm) marked = 81% female = 43% maturing male (of males) = 24%
30 Comparative life history Relatively large proportion of males maturing at age 2 Yearling smolts relatively large Unmarked fish have intermediate size at age characters
31 Conclusions Snake River fall Chinook are captured in BPA Plume research program Sept abundance related to adult return Life history traits variable
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