Yachts Parameters for Marina Design

Transcription

1 Yachts Paraeters for Marina Design Dalibor Carević, C.E Prof.dr.sc.Marko Pršić, C.E. University of Zagreb, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Kačićeva 26, Zagreb, Croatia, Abstract The basic diensions of power and sailing yachts are presented, as well as basic diensions for two type of berths: Mediterranean ones and finger piers type (characteristicall for US and Australia). The idea was to collect different recoendations data, fro different nautical touris arkets: US, Australian, British and Mediterranean, ake copare, and give recoendation for Croatia. The other part of work deals with the wind effects on yachts. Wind paraeters for wind calculation are defined in different standards. A discussion is presented on the state-of-the-art in arina design to accoplish these paraeters fro arina design experience in Mediterranean region and worldwide. The result tends to Croatian recoendation.

2 Fleet of nautical turis Types The basic types of boats which are coonly used in engineers practice are:. Power boats (M), 2. Sail boats (S), and other types: 3. Cataarans, 4. House boats. Design of arina is deriving fro paraeters of basic types of boats because they are coon users of arina and for the other types can be predicted reduced capacity. Which paraeters will be used depend of ai of arina and sort of fleet which will be priary user. Basic boat paraeters PIANC data are presented 976. fro International coission for sport and pleasure navigation ) []. Here are also presented paraeters fro Australian Standards [2]. US recoendations coe fro industry cataloges of boats [3], [4]. Figure Definition sketch for diensions of power and sail boat, cataaran and house boat. T[]- draught; h[]-ste heigh; L[]-lenght; B[]-width; D[ 3 ]-displaceent; AL[ 2 ]-transverzal section area; AT[ 2 ]- longitudinal section area; -power boat; s-sail boat. 2

3 All defined data have just orientation purpose in diensioning of arinas and acquire diensions depend of specific situations and projects. 8 AL [2] 7 AT [2] AT(MED) AL(AUS) ATs(MED) AT(AUS) AL(AUS) ALs(AUS) ATs(AUS) ALs(AUS) AT(MED) AT(AUS) ATs(MED) ATs(AUS) Figure 2 Hull cross sections in relation with length of boat; AL [ 2 ], AL s [ 2 ], AT [ 2 ], AT s [ 2 ]; -power boat, s-sail boat; MED-Mediteranian, AUS-Australia. M [] D [ 3 ] M(US) D(MED) Ds(MED) h(med) hs(med) h h s D D s 3 h [] 2 3 M 2 Figure Displaceent D [ 3 ], ast height M[], stet height h[]; -power boat, s-sail boat; MED- Mediteranian, US-United States. 3

4 7 B [] T [] 6 ha [] 5 B,Bs(MED) B(US) B,Bs(US) B,Bs(AUS) T(MED) Ts(MED) T(AUS) Ts(AUS) T(PIANC) Ts(PIANC) ha(med) has(med) Bs,B(MED) B,Bs(US) B (US) B,Bs(AUS) ha(med) 4 has(med) 3 Ts(AUS) Ts(MED) 2 Ts(PIANC) T(MED) T(PIANC) T(AUS) Figure 4 Hull geoetry; B [], B s [], T [], T s [], ha [], ha s []; -power boat, s-sail boat; MED- Mediteranian, US-United States, AUS-Australia. 4

5 Basic types of arinas Basic berth types are:. Mediteranian type (ed) 2. Finger piers type (f) Which type will be selected depend on tradition of building but also on technical and econoic aspects of project. Generally finger type is ore expensive variant of berth configuration because it requires ore space but providing safetly aneuouvreing and ooring boats. On the other side Mediteranian type provides better usability of space and allowes possibilities of ooring greater boats longitudinal to the pier. Weakness of this type is sliness of berth space which desire greater agility of yachtan. Figure 5 Definition sketch for Mediteranian type and finger type DP [] space between piers W [] berth width LB [] berth length FW [] fairway between berths d [] draught ed-editeranian type; f-finger type 5

6 6, d [] 5, 4, 3, 2,, d s (MED) d (MED) d(med) ds(med) d(us) ds(us) d s (US) d (US), Figure 6 Draught; d [], d s []; -power boat, s-sail boat; MED-Mediteranian, US-United States W ed ; W f [] FWed, FWf LBed LBf DPed DPf DPed(PIANC) Wf2 Wf Wed W f DP ed W ed DP ed (PIANC) DP [] FW [] LB[] W2 f [] 3 DP f FW ed, FW f LB ed LB f 2 W2 f Figure 7 Geoetric characheristic of berths; W, W2-single and double berth [], FW[], LB[], DP[; ed- Mediteranian type; f- finger type. 6

7 xxxxxxxxx G U 3 s ( 3) =,33 U (3) c ( z = 3or less, 3s) =,33 Design wind velocity Australian Standard[2] recoends hourly average wind velocity for design velocity which ust be ultiplied with gust factor. In that sense for yachts and ships in arinas is required design velocity of 3 seconds duration on 3 eters above terrain: G U 3) = c ( z = 3,3s) U (3 ) 3s ( c G ( z = 3, 3s) =,33 gust factor U (3) average hourly wind velocity 3 above terrain. British Code [3] suggests using 5-year average wind velocity with duration between and 5 inutes. There are no data about height above terrain. According to Eurocode (99) calculations of wind loads can be ade with 5-year wind velocity with duration of second. Gust factor above terrain for average velocity of in. duration is c G ( z =,s), 39, and for hourly average velocity is c G 6 = ( z =,s) =,54, which gives: ) =,39 U ( ), U s ( 6 ) =,54 U ( ) U s ( where: U ( ) average in. velocity, above terrain 6 U ( ) hourly average velocity, above terrain. 7

8 xxxxxxxxx Drag factor Table I Drag coefficient coparison for unshielded boat[5]. boat type standards angle of wind 9 8 blowing power boat,75,95 house boat,75,9,75 sail boat,35,9,45 AS PIANC- British Notes,-,2,3-,6,6-2,,2-,75 (,45),2-,75 (,45) Experiental values of drag factor (C D ) [5] for sail boat, power boat and house boat in coparison to Australs, British and USA standards are given in next table. Angle of wind blowing in table represent: bow to wind ( ), bea to wind (9 ) and stern to wind (8 ). PIANC- ASCE,5-,2,8-,5,5-,2 Table I Drag coefficient coparison for unshielded boat[5]. Where boats are oored next to each other or on both sides of a pier it is generally accepted that the leeward boats will each attract a reduced wind load because of the shielding effect of windward boats. Recoendation of Aerican Society of Civil Engineers [5] is to use reduction factor for shielded boats ranging fro, to,5 of the force on an unshielded boat. Suary The design of arina requires careful attention to design paraeters to axiize benefit, provide functional use and insure safely berths for yachts. The arina ust provide suitable yacht capacity for the defined nautical fleet, provide adequate access fro the sea and allow safe aneuvering of yachts inside of arina. References: [] PIANC; Final Report of the International Coission for Sport and Pleasure Navigation ; Anex to Bulletin No 25 (Vol III/976), Peranent International Assocciation of Navigation Congresses. [2] Guidelines for design of arinas ; Australian Standard; Standards Australia Coittee AS ; Second edition 2. [3] PIANC; Special Report of the International Coission for Sport and Pleasure Navigation ; Suppleent to Bulletin No 93 (January 997), Review of selected standards for floating dock designs. [4] Marinas: Design and Operation, W.R. Blain; N.B. Webber, Proceedings of the international Conference on Marinas, Southapton, UK, Septeber 989. [5] -Allan Uhlann: Wind Loading on Sall Craft for Marina Design PIANC; Bulletin, No