GEOINFORMATIONAL ANALYTIC CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE COLLECTION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE. A. Tevyashev, O. Matviienko, O. Shiyan

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1 ECONTECHMOD. AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2014, Vo.3, No.3, GEOINFORMATIONAL ANALYTIC CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE COLLECTION OF MUNICIAL SOLID WASTE A. Tevyashev, O. Matveno, O. Shyan Kharv Natona Unversty of Rado Eectroncs Lenna 16, Kharov, Urane 61166, e-ma: Receved June : acceted Juy A b s t r a c t : One of the effectve aroaches to sove the robem of otma contro of the coecton of munca sod waste n ctes and towns on the bass of geonformatona anaytc system s studed n the resent wor. Its structure s shown n the form of three nterconnected subsystems: geonformatona system, anaytc system, subsystem of montorng of the refuse coecton vehces. The man attenton s focused on the anaytc subsystem. The mathematca formuaton of the robem of effectve annng of the traffc routes of the refuse coecton vehces and effcent agorthm to sove t are set here. The contro of mementaton of the anned routes s carred out by the subsystem of montorng of the refuse coecton vehces usng GS-navgaton. K e y w o r d s : munca sod waste, otmzaton of routes, subsystem of montorng, energy savng, refuse coecton vehce. INTRODUCTION The robem of contro of the coecton and recycng of munca sod waste (MSW) s the most rorty one, ranng n the system of urban economy the second ace for the costs and nvestments after the sector of water suy and sewerage. MSW (munca) are waste generated n the resdenta sector, n trade enterrses, offce budngs, offce bocs, nsttutons, offces, ndergartens and schoos, cutura and sorts factes, raway and bus statons, arorts, rver orts. Nowadays on the terrtory of Urane every cty dweer annuay emts between 100 and 400 g of MSW, osng a serous santary and edemoogca threat. In recent years, the voume of MSW has dramatcay ncreased. The coecton of MSW s usuay carred out wth usng of standard contaners nstaed on the contaner atforms. The ocaton of the contaner atforms n dfferent arts of the cty and the number of contaners nstaed on them deends on the densty of ouaton n the attended area and the ntensty of fng contaners wth MSW at the atform [1,2,5]. The remova of MSW from the fed contaners s carred by means of secay equed refuse coecton vehces (RCV), whch mement the oadng of MSW n the body (bn) of RCV and ts ressng. After fng the body, RCV s used as a seca truc to dever coected MSW to the ace of recycng. On the verba eve, the man ont of the robem of contro of the coecton of MSW s n the foowng: n tme synchronzaton of rocesses of fng of the contaners wth MSW on each contaner atform and remova rocesses of MSW, n mnmzaton of matera and energy costs for the coecton of MSW. The rocess of fng of the contaners wth MSW s generay a non-statonary random rocess, deendng on a number of chronoogca (weedays, hodays, seasons), meteoroogca (temerature, rectatons) and organzatona factors (area ceanng). The sense of synchronzaton s n the ont that the tme of deay between the end of the rocess of

2 78 A. TEVYASHEV, O. MATVIIENKO, O. SHIYAN fng of the contaners wth MSW and the moment of ther remova must not exceed a few (1-5) hours. Increasng of the tme of deay s unaccetabe, as t can contrbute to serous outon of the ctes due to the overfow of contaners, to ncreasng the rss of envronmenta dsasters and to ncreasng of addtona abor and tme costs for the coecton and oadng of MSW sed out of the contaners. The remova of MSW from not fuy fed contaners s aso undesrabe because ths eads to underoadng of RCV and therefore to addtona fue exense by RCV. The ensurng of mnmzaton of matera and energy costs for the coecton and recycng of MSW s carred out by: effectve annng of the otma amount and mnmum extent of day traffc routes of each RCV wth ts maxmum oad, effectve contro by means of GSnavgaton over the strct mementaton by each RCV of each anned route for t. The structure and functonaty of geonformatona anaytc contro system of the coecton of MSW s examned n the resent wor (GIACS MSW). THE STRUCTURE OF THE SYSTEM GIACS MSW ncudes three nterreated subsystems geonformatona, anaytc and subsystem of montorng of RCV. Geonformatona subsystem. Sata dstrbuton of the cty or town and the need n comete and accurate nformaton about the sata ocaton of each contaner atform and each contaner, the structure and arameters of cty budng-u, aroach roads, ubc transort routes ed to the fact that the muteve eectronc cards have become the nvarant core of a nformaton databases. Each eectronc card ncudes a toograhc base and a uraty of assocated ayers. Each ayer has a secfc subset of satay dstrbuted objects of cty dstrcts or attended areas. Each object of the attended area, ncudng contaner atforms, s a grahc mage, whch s assocated wth text databases contanng a the necessary statc nformaton about ths object: address, number of foors, the owner, etc. for boc of fats, budngs and structures; number, tye, and voume of each contaner and geodesc mar for each contaner atform. The dynamc nformaton n the form of tme seres about actua ntensty of fng of the contaners ocated on ths atform s addtonay ntroduced for each contaner atform. Besdes, the dynamc nformaton s aso entered for the state of the roads sectons (oen / cosed for trave) and aroach roads to each contaner atform. Each ayer can be combned wth the toograhc or to any other ayer, and aso wth ther arbtrary combnaton. Such structura organzaton of the databases s an essenta nformaton bass on whch the decson of a anaytca robems s based. Anaytc subsystem mements resourcesavng and envronmentay frendy technooges of the coecton and recycng of MSW. The man eement of the anaytc subsystem s the subsystem of effectve annng of routes of RCV. THE EFFECTIVE LANNING ROBLEM OF RCV TRAFFIC ROUTES Mathematca mode of human-vehce ar of RCV. Munca utty comany (MUC), occued wth the remova of sod waste has a ar of RCVV 1,2,...,,..., m, drvers of these vehces and worers. The most sutabe mode of human-vehce ar of RCV s a statstc mode whch aows to tae nto account not ony technca characterstcs of each RCV, but aso the features of ts mantenance by drvers and worers. To construct such a mode they day ncude statstc data about the actua wor erformed by each RCV and ts staff as we as a tyes of costs for ths wor n GIACS MSW database. Whe constructng the mode of human-vehce ar of RCV t s assumed that a statstc data are mementatons of the reevant random varetes X ( ) wth norma 2 dstrbuton X ( ) N( x, ), whch are cometey characterzed by two arameters: mathematca exectaton x and dserson 2. : (, B, ) - robabe sace, where - the sace of eementary events, В - - agebra of events from, - robabty mass on B. As a resut of statstc data rocessng we obtan the

3 GEOINFORMATIONAL ANALYTIC CONTROL SYSTEM OF 79 mode of human-vehce ar of RCV n the form of a set of famy of estmatons of the mathematca exectaton of the foowng technca characterstcs for each RCV: S ( ) - ftng caacty of RCV,.e. maxmum quantty of the contaners, the contents of whch can be oaded n RCV, B ( ) - fue cost (wnter - B, summer - B ), consumed by RCV er 1 m of way, m ( ) - engne o cost (wnter - m ( ), summer - m ( )), consumed by RCV er 1 m of way, b ( ) - fue cost (wnter - b ( ), summer - b ( )), consumed by seca equment of RCV to erform the oadng and unoadng of MSW, t ( ) - tme sent on unoadng (oadng n the body) of RCV of one contaner, t ( ) - tme sent on unoadng of RCV, r V ( ) - veocty of RCV on the route, - maxmum quantty of the routes, whch RCV can erform durng a day. Snce the evauatons of the mathematca exectatons obtaned from the sames of fnte ength, they are themseves random varetes wth norma dstrbuton, the mathematca exectaton of whch concdes wth the estmates obtaned and the dserson equa to 2 / n, where n, the voume of the same. MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE TRANSORT NETWORK The basc mode of the transort networ n the robem of effectve annng of the traffc routes of RCV for the remova of MSW n the cty s undrected weghted grah H ( V, U) wth to set V from n eements, numbered by fgures 1,2,...,n and rbs set U. Each to V, V n s assocated wth: address, aowng to oston the contaner atform ocated n ths to on the cty ma, random arameter d ( ), corresondng to the weght of MSW n a fed contaners set out n ths to; z z z To the to set V of the grah H ( V, U) we add two addtona tos: { n 1}, corresondng to the garage, n whch there are a RCV and { n 2} - corresondng to the ace of recycng (unoadng) of MSW. The ace of recycng of MSW can be: oygon (refuse dum), garbage recycng ant, rubbsh seectng or rubbsh transoadng staton. Let s ntroduce the set: N V { n 1} { n 2},.e. N n 2. Tos and j form n the grah H ( N, U) rbs {, j}. The grah H ( N, U) doesn t contan oos.e. rbs {, }. Each rb {, j }, connectng to and to j, assgn the ength dj R 0 of the way from to j,.e. the dstance whch RCV must overcome whe movng from the to to the to j. In genera case: d j d,, j 1, n 2 and d d ( ), j.e. the dstance whch RCV must overcome whe movng from the to to the to j s consdered as a random [8, 10, 16]. MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE ROCESS OF FILLING THE CONTAINER WITH MSW As t was revousy mentoned the ntensty of emsson of MSW by nhabtants s nonstatonary random rocess deendng on a great number of chronoogca, meteoroogca and organzatona factors. As the quantty of the contaners nstaed on each contaner atform and ther voume are nown a ror nstead of the ntensty of emsson of MSW the ndex connected neary wth t, but more effectve s used n GIACS MSW the tme of fu fng of a of the contaners wth MSW on the contaner atform. To redct the tme of fng of a of the contaners wth MSW on each contaner atform n GIACS MSW an ntegrated mutfactor mode ARIMA ntroduced n [3] for forecastng the rocesses of consumton of targets roducts n the j j

4 80 A. TEVYASHEV, O. MATVIIENKO, O. SHIYAN engneerng networs s used. Tme redcton of fu fng of a of the contaners wth MSW s cacuated n the form of condtona mathematca exectaton for each contaner atform and s aroxmated for the nearest nteger vaue: day, two days,, L days. As a resut of sovng the robem of redcton to each to V of the grah H ( V, U) the ndex {1,2,3,4..., L}, corresondng to the redcted tme (n days) of fu fng of a of the contaners nstaed on ths to s ut. The nterva of effectve annng of traffc routes of RCV accet equa to the ength of the maxmum nterva L,.e. the nterva of annng T [1, L]. MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION OF THE ROBLEM OF THE EFFECTIVE LANNING OF TRAFFIC ROUTES OF RCV Determne the vaue of the mathematca exectaton d of the quantty of contaners whch must be removed day on the nterva of annng: T [1, L] : n d ( ) d, (1) M 1 In rea condtons the vaue d s consderaby bgger than one of the ft caacty S of any - RCV,.e. d S. In ractce, t means that for the day remova of a fed contaners some number of RCV, each of whch can carry no more than runs er a day, s necessary. Dvde the set N nto a seres of random subsets N (, ) so, that: N N (, ) : N (, ) n 2, 1,2,...,, {1,2,..., m}, {1,2,..., L}. (2) For each fxed ~ each of the subsets N (, ) s a set of nodes of the networ grah H ( N, U), ncuded n - route, carred by - RCV n the frst day of the anned erod T [1, L]. Under the above abeng, the mathematca formuaton of the robem of effectve annng of the traffc routes of RCV can be resented as: L m M N () mn, m, ( ) ( N () ( N (, )) dj ( ), (3) : d ( ) S ( )), 1,2,...,, {1,2,..., m}, {1,2,..., L}, j ( ). (4) where: ( N (, )) - cycc rearrangement, defnng the order of assng N (, ) of the tos - route, carred by - RCV on the - day of the anned erod T [1, L], - a constant, whch determnes the robabty of mementaton of the condton of overoad of - RCV. The robem (3), (4) beongs to the cass of robems of dscrete stochastc rogrammng M tye wth nterne robabstc constrans. To sove the robem (3), (4) the determnstc equvaent s constructed by means of reacement of a random varetes ncuded nto the objectve functon by ther mathematca exectatons and recacuaton of the robabty nequates (4) nto determnstc nequates on the bass of nown statstca roertes of random varetes d ( ) and S ( ). The determnstc equvaent of the robem (3), (4) refers to the cass N-comete robems, exact agorthms soutons of whch do not exst at the resent tme [17]. Therefore, to sove the determnstc equvaent of the robem (3), (4) the cose agorthm s used. Agorthm of sovng the robem of effectve annng of the traffc routes of RCV ncudes the foowng stes: 1. Cacuate the vaue m of the necessary quantty of RCV for day remova d of the contaners under the condton: m S d. (5) 1 1

5 GEOINFORMATIONAL ANALYTIC CONTROL SYSTEM OF Dvde the set N nto a number of subsets so, that: N N ( ) : N ( ) n 2, 1,2,...,, {1,2,..., m}, {1,2,..., L}. d S. (6) N () Each of the subsets N () s a set of nodes, beongng to -route, carred by - transort facty (TF) on -day of the anned erod T [1, L]. The searaton of the set N nto subsets N (, ) s erformed by the herarchca method of 3D-custerng [6]. 3. The ength dj R 0 of the shortest way between a the tos, j N (, ) tang nto account a traffc rues whe mementng of the condtons of ossbty of assng ths way by a artcuar TF s determned accordng to the ma of the cty. 4. The constructon of each detaed route of mnmum ength assng through the set of tos N (, ), s erformed by the Ltte s method [10]. Each receved route s resented n the form of crcuar ermutaton ( N (, )), at that the mnmum ength of each route s: L N d j. (7) * * ( ) ( (, ) j, ( ) N Thus the souton of the robem (3), (4) s: mnmum requred vaue of the number of runs carred by each RCV on each -day of the anned erod, mnmum vaue * - the number of RCV necessary for remova of MSW on each -day of the anned erod, * ( N (, )) - -otma route of mnmum ength carred by -RCV on -day of the anned erod. 5. The cacuaton of the addtona arameters for each detaed route: average fue cost for the mementaton * of a routes by - RCV on -day of the anned erod: * * ( ) ( (, )) j 1 N (, ), (8) B B N d b average tme sent by -RCV for the * mementaton of route on -day of the anned erod: T ( ) L ( ) / V t t d. (9) r N (, ) SUBSYSTEM OF MONITORING OF RCV The subsystem of montorng of RCV s an ntegrated n GIACS MSW system of coectng, recordng and suyng of the nformaton about the ocaton of RCV on the terrtory of the cty. The man am of the subsystem of montorng of RCV s rovdng of the suervsory servce and the drecton of MUC wth actua and effectve nformaton about the ocaton of RCV under ther contro, the reazaton of effcent methods of coectng, rocessng and dstrbutng of the nformaton, rocedures and technca means of data exchange. The man functona tass of the subsystem of montorng of RCV are: contro over the ocaton and condton of RCV, coordnaton of the actvty of the deartments whch suort RCV of the comany, reventng of no-urose use of RCV of the comany, ensurng of the mantenance of the technca condtons of the exotaton of RCV. Subsystem bass s the geonformatona system that aows to sove the robems of coecton, storage and data rocessng of varous tyes and orgn. Coordnates and ocaton of RCV on a cty ma are determned by means of GS technoogy usng satete system NAVSTAR. Nowadays t s the ony cometey deoyed and oerabe satete navgaton system. Data

6 82 A. TEVYASHEV, O. MATVIIENKO, O. SHIYAN about the ocaton of RCV are fed to the board rado termna whch coects and rocesses smutaneousy the nformaton about the status of varous systems and unts of the vehce. Data transfer from RCV to the server s rovded through the networ of mobe communcaton GSM 900 standard usng the GRS rotoco of data transmsson. The subsystem of montorng of RCV s an ntegrated set of functona modues, nformaton resources and standardzed technoogca rocedures of nformaton rocessng, teecommuncaton and comutng envronment. The subsystem s desgned to aow ts further modernzaton wth mnmzaton of tme and fnanca costs wthout changng of system atform and data communcatons rotocos. The subsystem has a wde range of ossbtes of grahc dsay of vector modes of the ace and wde set of reort forms. The subsystem of montorng of RCV gves an oortunty to foow any changes of RCV status and ts characterstcs. The database structure aows to carry out the exanson of nformaton structure about RCV. The subsystem bass s a centrazed data deostory wth dstrbuted rocessng. The subsystem s constructed accordng to the moduar aroach that aows, n case of necessty, to reace certan subsystem modues eeng ts oerabty n genera (Fg. 1). Termna ND GS termna 031 roduced by Ltd «Navdev» (htt://navtron.mob) s used n the subsystem. In the basc confguraton ths subsystem aows to evauate the foowng arameters of each RCV under contro: current ocaton, assed route, route devaton from the agreed one, seed, tme of movement, tme and aces of arng, ext and entrance nto the area (Fg. 2). Wth arorate sensors t s ossbe to contro the foowng addtona arameters: fue quantty n the tans, trave fue consumton, fue fng and fue dranng, engne seed, engne runnng tme, the state of anc button, oadng eve, ostons of mechansms (for seca equment), oenng of the door etc. The fue sensor ДУ-01М roduced by «Orgtechavtomatca» Ltd s used n the system. The subsystem aso aows to contro varous devces: oc the door, turn off the engne etc. on condton of arorate hardware comonent. Fg. 1. Subsystem of montorng of RCV

7 GEOINFORMATIONAL ANALYTIC CONTROL SYSTEM OF 83 Fg. 2. System of RCV montorng The effects of the mementaton of the system: OL savng and other resources savng connected wth the exotaton of RCV, otmzaton of the oeratng functons of the controer, reducng of unroductve and dummy run, montorng and reventon of msuse of RCV, adoton of the management decsons on the bass of reabe statstc reortng data, ncreasng of the dscne eve of drvers and controers, reducng of accdents. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Let s resent the resuts of sovng the robem of effectve annng of traffc routes of RCV for one of the ctes of Urane wth ouaton about 40 thousand eoe and the quantty of the contaners 431. As the nut data are gven the addresses of the contaner atforms (103), the quantty of the contaners on them (1-13), the ntensty of ther fng (1, 2, 3, 7, 15, 30 days), as we as the set of constrans on the traffc routes of RCV. As a resut of sovng the robem of effectve annng of the routes of remova of a of the contaners t s turned out that t was enough two vehces: RCV KAMAZ wth 1 S =40 contaners, B 1 z =0,318 /m, arameters 1 B =0,334 /m, 1 b z =14,0, b =13,3 and 2 RCV GAZ wth arameters S =16 contaners, 2 B =0,309 /m, 1 z B =0,294 /m, 2 b z =6,1, b =5,8. Both RCV must erform 4 runs a 2 day. In the tabes 1-3 the arameters of deveoed detaed routes are shown under V =37 m/h, t =3 mn, t =10 mn. The fragment of otma routes are shown n the fg. 3 r

8 84 A. TEVYASHEV, O. MATVIIENKO, O. SHIYAN Tabe 1. Otma routes of RCV1 (KAMAZ) for the frst day (=1) Fght 1 Fght 2 Address Numbe Intensty r of of fng contan (days) ers Address Numb er of conta ners Intensty of fng (days) 1 Garage 1 oygon 2 Lomonosov str Каvкаz str Lomonosov str Mchurn str. beach Otabrsaya str Mchurn str. 46(1) Jubeyny dstr. 27Б, 9, Mchurn str Schoo ane v. Goubova S Komsomosaya str Mchurn str. 123, 144, Ovrazny ane 1 1 Mechnov str.15, Mchurn str Rver ane Sesy ane oygon 10 Ucrane str amount of contaners Lenn str. 49,52,47, Fght 3 12 Communst str oygon 13 Lenn str Lenn str "Оbry", word furnture Маy str Usovsaya str Маy str oygon 5 Communst str amount of contaners 38 6 ushn str Fght 4 7 Sorts ane oygon 8 Lenn str North str Lenn str. cemetery Hosta str. 10(1) 28(2); Bugorny ane Lenn str. 103 Urautogaz Sdoreno str Jubeynaya str Jubeynaya str Маy str. 57, Demna str Маy str. 59 vetcnc Davydov Luchtsy str. 1а, 1д Маy str. 59. Schoo years of USSR str.119(1), 50(1) Technca ane years of USSR str. 55(1), 75(1) Uranan str. 48,.2а years of USSR str. 19(2) October sq. 12, Gardenng str Маy str. 34, Deartment 18 of Cuture Gardenng str Lenn sq. 1, musc schoo Gardenng str Komsomosaya str Kharv str Khmentsy str Chaaev str oygon 16 Chaaev str amount of contaners Komsomosaya str oygon 19 Garage amount of contaners 40

9 GEOINFORMATIONAL ANALYTIC CONTROL SYSTEM OF 85 Tabe 2. Otma routes of RCV12 (GAZ) for the frst day (=1) Fght 1 Fght 3 Address Intenst Number of y of contaners fng (days) Address Intensty Number of of fng contaners (days) 1 Garage 1 oygon 2 Lenn sq. 39 АТB-маret odgorny ane Komsomosaya str Маy str oygon 4 1 Маy str amount of contaners 16 5 Artem str Fght 2 6 Curu str.. 20а oygon 7 Shoovy ane Kohoznaya str oygon 3 Vorovsy str д amount of contaners 16 4 Lermontov str Fght 4 5 Rovensaya str oygon 6 Shevcheno str Krvoy ane Kar Marx str Dmtrevsaya str Fower str Dmtrevsaya str Forest Gade str Kosmodemyansoy str. 71, 57, Dobroyubov str Lesya Urana ane Artem ane Lesya Urana str entry Komsomosy West str Ahtyrsy ane West str. 2, oygon 10 Levadny str amount of contaners oygon Tabe 3. Characterstcs of routes Car KAMAZ Fght number Route ength (m) Fue consumton () summer 12 Garage amount of contaners 16 Fue consumton () n wnter The number of contaners Tme, h fght 1 14,4 17,88 18, h 28м fght ,25 22, h 42м fght ,57 22, h 31м fght ,20 23, h 46м Sum - 93,40 82,90 87, h 27м GAZ fght 1 11,2 9,09 9, h 12м fght 2 26,5 13,59 14, h 32м fght 3 19,75 11,61 12, h 23м fght ,62 15, h 36м Sum - 87,45 48,91 51, h 43м In tota - 180,85 131,81 138,

10 86 A. TEVYASHEV, O. MATVIIENKO, O. SHIYAN a) b) Fg. 3. Fragments of otma routes of GAZ fght 4 - a), KAMAZ fght 1 - b) CONCLUSIONS The examnaton of the effectveness of wor of GIACS MSW was hed for MUC, attended one of the ctes of Urane wth the ouaton of about 40 thousand eoe. Usng GIACS MSW for a gven number of contaners and redcted ntensty of ther fng aowed: to justfy the duraton of the nterva of annng and mnmum quantty of RCV; to deveo effectvey detaed traffc routes of RCV rovdng coecton and remova of a of the fed contaners wth MSW for each day of the anned erod, whch are: memented,.e. they can be carred by sutabe RCV; mnmum accordng to the ength among a ossbe routes assed through the secfed addresses of the contaner atforms; otma n the number of oaded contaners n each RCV on each route,.e. the ftng caacty of each RCV s used to the maxmum; otma to the fue costs for RCV. Deveoed detaed traffc routes of RCV exceeded n a ndexes traffc routes of RCV rovdng coecton and remova of a of the contaners wth MSW actuay used by MUC. ractca mementaton of the deveoed an of reazaton of the detaed routes for the remova of MSW aowed to reduce consderaby the necessary ar of RCV (from three to two), to reduce sgnfcanty the tota ength of the routes carred by each RCV and to reduce the actua fue costs for the anned erod of one month by 35%. Genera concuson. Imementaton of GIACS MSW s an effectve means to mrove the envronmenta safety, energy and resource savng of MUC. REFERENCES 1. Abramov M., Shtonda Y Regona System of Utzaton of Sod Waste n the Crmea // Motro. Vo. 14, 1, Artynov A., Embuaev B., uyshev A., Saetsy B Automaton of Transort Systems. M.: Naua Aven O., Lovetsy S., Moseeno G Otmzaton of Traffc Fows. M.: Naua, Baranows, S.; Buso, E.; Shsho, S.; Tanas, W Drectons of Imrovement of the Logstc Systems n the Forest Comex of Bearus // Econtechmod. Vo. 03, 1,

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