Deep-Space Extravehicular Activity (EVA)
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1 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Deep-Space Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Briefing to the National Research Council Technical Panel March 27, 2013 Mike Hembree NASA Johnson Space Center
2 Agenda Suit technology history extremely short version EVA Strategic Objectives Broader EVA Community Involvement Short Term EVA Technology Challenges Long Term EVA Technology Challenges Conclusion 2
3 EVA Suit Technology History EMU: Current US Operational Space Suit Put in service in 1982 Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) mobility and EVA Tools designed for Zero-G The PLSS (Primary Life Support System) was an evolution of the Apollo Space Suit EMUs still supporting ISS program after multiple life extension and upgrades Exploration and Technology Development Program Since ~2005, EVA has had a resurgence in development of next generation EVA suit components / subsystems EVA technology challenges for potential future explorations destinations were identified and provided the focus for EVA technology advancement efforts Provided basis for informed roadmaps Recent Architecture Study Teams Reaffirmed development of Space Suits as one of the top destination system elements to be addressed 3
4 EVA / Suit Strategic Objectives Long term goals for EVA System Increased Safety & Reliability Significantly improve protection against MMOD (micrometeoroids and orbital debris), dust, radiation, electrical shock, and thermal extremes Go anywhere suit Modular systems Plug and Play Instant pre-eva check outs, on board health monitoring, self healing Lower System Mass Zero Consumable life support On back power generation Combined functionality of EVA and launch entry abort (LEA) suits (increased modularity) Autonomous Operation and Robotic Integration Suit is a node on the network, capable of commanding and interacting with robotic support elements. Increased informatics Expand Anthropometric limits, increase crew comfort, and reduce injury risk Lower Cost Improved analytical tools to model and predict EVA performance 4
5 Broader EVA Community Involvement Attempts to involve industry, academia and other technology agencies Hosted EVA/ECLSS(environmental control life support systems) Technical Forum in Houston May 1 and 2, 2012 Introductory discussion with the Russian EVA community during recent Technical Interchange Meeting on potential future Advanced EVA technology challenges discussions Recently the EVA Community reviewed the detailed functions and components that make up the EVA system to identify the technology challenges associated with the potential destination Design Reference Missions (DRMs) Assigned descriptor to each function on whether the technologies needed are enhancing or enabling for alignment with the exploration DRMs 5
6 Short Term EVA Technology Challenges EVA Primary Functions Variable Setpoint Regulator, Lightweight Tanks, Pressure Transducers for High P O2 Systems Fan a nd TCC Sustain the Life of the Crewmember Perform EVA Tasks Provide Communications Suitport capable upper torso with Suitport interface plate Increased Mobility at 8 psid nominal operamons PLSS advanced packaging, inter- connect and hold systems with low volume/ mass AnalyMcal tools to improve predicmon of fit, mobility, and injury protecmon (not shown) Suit Water Membrane Evaporator and self- pressurizing water bladder Advanced gloves Lightweight Bearings Dual- mode radio, Integrated Suit Audio, Automated suit check out, EVA CompaMble Electrical Components, Miniaturized Components, EVA exploramon informamon system, and NavigaMon ExploraMon lower torso Ultra high energy baqery Rapid Cycling Amine: on- back regenerable CO2, sensors, and humidity control These technology advancements align with Agency Technology Roadmaps TMG with dust protecmon and alternate thermal protecmon for exploramon environments (TMG not shown) 6
7 Short Term EVA Technology Challenges EVA Primary Functions Anchoring Translation and Stabilization Surface Sampling and Collection Transla0on Aids compa0ble with monolithic and rubble NEAs Crew Local Anchor compa0ble with monolithic and rubble NEAs Geological sample collec0on tools - Impact collec0on - Float sample - Surface layer sample (biological) - Subsurface tool Sample Cura0on and Containment 7
8 Notional EVA Suit Functionality vs. Potential Destinations ISS In- Space / GEO NEA Mars System Minimum mass beyond LEO û ü ü ü Dust mimgamon û û ü ü Service life ( EVAs) û ü ü ü Field maintainable Upgrade ü ü ü Enhanced RadiaMon ProtecMon and Monitoring û ü ü Monitor only Monitor only ü Environmental ProtecMon (e.g. thermal, micrometeoroids, charging) ü ü ü ü ExploraMon Atmosphere Prebreathe û ü ü ü Vehicle Interfaces Suitport / Suitlock with Suitports CompaMble û ü ü ü Airlock CompaMble ü ü ü ü Pressure Garment Component Resize and Sparing Capability ü ü ü ü Ease of don/doff (rear hatch) Upgrade ü ü ü Upper body mobility ü ü ü ü Walking mobility û û û ü TMG (w/opt. dust features) ü ü ü ü Cut/abrasion- resistant Upgrade ü ü ü Reduce Injury Upgrade ü ü ü û ü = Not enabling = Enabling 8
9 Notional EVA Suit Functionality vs. Potential Destination ISS In- Space / GEO NEA Mars Life Support 8 hour EVA duramon ü ü ü ü Vacuum Separable PLSS û û û? CompaMble w/umbilical ops ü ü ü ü Regenerable CO2 removal Upgrade ü ü ü Secondary O2 supply ü ü ü ü Variable Pressure Setpoints Upgrade ü ü ü Avionics & SoKware High Bandwidth / Network Capable Radio Upgrade ü ü ü MulMple voice comm loops ü ü ü ü CauMon & Warning ü ü ü ü HD Helmet camera Upgrade ü ü ü NavigaMon û û? ü Graphical Display Upgrade ü ü ü Biomed (incl. Heart Rhythm) ü ü ü ü EVA InformaMon Systems Upgrade ü ü ü High Energy Density BaQery Upgrade ü ü ü Tools Dust cleaning/mimgamon tools û û ü ü Surface tools û û ü ü Anchoring and TranslaMon tools û û ü û Advanced Jetpack û ü ü û û ü = Not enabling = Enabling 9
10 Current EVA Technology Timeline Roadmap Jan FY Beyond LEO EVA Orion EM1 Orion EM2 EVA CapabiliMes needed beyond LEO On Orbit / ISS Integrated Design Iterations Through Testing Suit Flight Demo Lower System Mass Reduced Crew Time Flexible/Robust Design Modular/Open Architecture Ground Subsystem and Tools TesMng Suit System Test Complete (Vac / 100% O2) DDT & E Integrated Suit Test bed SWME Prototype Design ExploraMon Design Integrated Suit Test bed TesMng O2 Regulators RCA Swing Bed Anchoring and Tool Ground Demonstration Long Term EVA Technology Infusion 10
11 Long Term EVA Technical Challenges This lists represents the EVA/Suit development/technology challenges (dependent on destination) that will be addressed closer to the needs of the potential destination High Energy Density Battery: needed for missions with highly autonomous crewmembers Advanced tools, Anchoring systems and Jet Pack Exploration Atmosphere Prebreathe Protocols (8.2 psia/34% O2) Software Defined Radio: Flexibility for a variety of spacecrafts and destinations Plasma environment and mitigation techniques Advanced Suit/Human interfaces (informatics, controls) Suit materials / Dust (gloves, valves, switches, mechanisms, TMG [thermal/ micrometeorite garment]) Dust Mitigation in Habitable Volume Ingress/Egress Concepts (Suitport/Hybrid) Radiation Protection: Particularly for GEO electron belt exposure Advanced PLSS packaging and materials assessments to protect for falls and enhance ambulation (e.g. improve CG) for partial gravity destinations Human-Robotics Interfaces, Exoskeleton Navigation: For surface operations Suit Anthropometric Sizing/Spinal Elongation Mitigation Alternative heat rejection systems (e.g. radiators) for zero consumables suit 11
12 Conclusion Significant challenges exists for technologies needed for EVAs beyond low Earth orbit Ground based analog missions will be used to identify operational concepts and technology needs ISS demonstrations are being planned with a new advanced EVA suit as a test platform EVA roadmap is solidly based on last 7 years of technology development efforts, but is not complete Enabling/Enhancing technologies are being vetted for DRMs Mission definition is needed for complete list of technologies and need dates Men must rise above the Earth to the top of the atmosphere and beyond for only then will he fully understand the world in which he lives. Socrates BC 12
13 Backup BACK UP 13
14 Suit PGS Development Technology Needs Suit Pressure Garment Increased mobility at increased pressures (~55kPa / 8 PSI) Robust gloves and improved mobility Radiation, Dust, Micrometeoroid, and plasma protection materials (advanced materials) Analytical tools to improve prediction of fit, mobility, and injury protection Lightweight bearings Multiple vehicle interface capabilities 14
15 PLSS Development Technology Needs Life Support Systems Advanced packaging, inter-connect and hold systems with low volume/mass Thermal Control Subsystem Advanced Heat Rejection Technologies Spacesuit Water Membrane Evaporator (SWME) Reduced consumable concepts Self-pressurizing water bladder Avionics coldplate Pumps Ventilation Subsystem Advanced CO 2 removal and humidity control (including sensors) Fan Trace Contamination Control (TCC) Oxygen Systems Lightweight Tanks Variable Set-Point High Pressure Oxygen Regulator Pressure Transducers for High Pressure O 2 Systems 15 MetOx Amine System
16 PAS Development Technology Needs Power, Avionics and Software Power High specific energy batteries (W-hr/kg) Avionics High data rate network based communication Integrated Suit Audio Solutions EVA/IVA compatible displays (graphical) Miniaturized Electronic Components EVA-Compatible Electrical Switches, Connectors, and Controls On-Suit EVA Navigation Software EVA Information Systems / Crew Feedback Advanced system health and environmental monitoring 16
17 Suitport/Hybrid Suitport provides a method of rapidly starting and ending EVAs and provides an increased level of environmental containment of potentially hazardous substances that could be encountered during the EVA. ISS Airlock operations require approximately 2-4 hours of pre and post-eva over head time, goal is to reduce this time to 30 minutes Significantly decrease the exposure of the habitable volume to dust, particulates, and any other harmful materials since a vast majority of the suit remains external to the spacecraft This concept can save approximately 660 kg of consumables over a two week excursion in a pressurized vehicle performing multiple EVAs daily as opposed to conventional airlock systems Suitport bulkhead could conceivably interface with multiple vehicles, including MMSEV, Deep Space Habitat, new ISS element Suit box testing of concept was performed last calendar year, create an 8 psid environment using chamber/ anti-chamber (Chamber B) to manipulate pressure delta Hybrid concept provides the same method with the addition of a hatch between the suitports and the capability to pressurize the volume around the suits Hybrid concepts should be looked at to enable suitport compatibility and dust mitigation on larger Habitat elements to allow the capability to bring suit inside for maintenance Interior bulkhead 17
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