METNET Mission for Mars. MetNet. Atmospheric science network for Mars

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1 MetNet Atmospheric science network for Mars A.-M. Harri (1), R. Pellinen (1), V. Linkin (2), K. Pichkadze (3), M. Uspensky (1), T. Siili (1), A. Lipatov (2), H. Savijärvi (4), V. Vorontsov (3), J.Semenov (4) (1), Helsinki, Finland (2) Russian Space Research, Moscow, Russia (3) Babakin Space center, Moscow, Russia (4) University of Helsinki, Finland A.-M Harri et et al., al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, M oscow, Oct-2007 Page 1 // 38 38

2 Mission Concept MetNet microlanders A.-M Harri et et al., al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, M oscow, Oct-2007 Page 2 // 38 38

3 Goal: wide-spread surface observations network around Mars to investigate atmospheric structure, physics, meteorology. Secondary goal: Landing safety Protype development performed in Entry, descent and landing system qualified for Mars ( ) Re-entry system will be tested for dynamical stability by a suborbital flight (2008) Precursor mission and a series of missions likely to start in 2011 and to extend over several subsequent launch windows. The METNET mission concept Successor of the Netlander Mission s atmospheric leg. Mission lead : FMI Systems lead : BSC Payload lead : FMI / Other collaborators will be invited to join the mission efforts A.-M Harri et et al., al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, M oscow, Oct-2007 Page 3 // 38 38

4 Additional IBD deployment Main IBD deployment Entry Braking by means of additional IBD Separation of main IBD Landing event Science mission on-surface operations Penetration A.-M Harri et et al., al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, M oscow, Oct-2007 Page 4 // 38 38

5 MetNet Scientific Objectives * Atmosphere Surface to Atmosphere interactions & the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) Atmospheric dynamics and circulation Cycles of CO 2, H 2 O and dust. Dust raising mechanisms A D C * The evolution of Martian climate subsolar latitude E Pressure (hpa) Sols after VL-1 landing VL-1 VL Schematic of the major general circulation patterns occurring in the Martian atmosphere (adapted from Fig. 5 of Pollack, 1990a). A: (solstitial) Hadley circulation, B: baroclinic eddies, C: stationary eddies resulting from flow over topography, D: CO 2 sublimation flow, E: thermal tides (the Kelvin or normal modes not incl) A.-M Harri et et al., al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, M oscow, Oct-2007 Page 5 // 38 38

6 Landing site candidates A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page 6 // 38 38

7 Strawman payload Wind Sensor MET- Boom Descent phase instr. Package P, T, Acc Surface phase instruments: Pancam Wind vel. Pressure Atm. temperature Soil temperature Humidity Optical depth Option for competitively selected payload exists Soil Probe Temperature, Humidity Thermocouples Humidity Imager & opt. sens. 100 cm A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page 7 // 38 38

8 BACKGROUND TECHNOLOGIES: MARS-96 SPACECRAFT SMALL STATION Small station in launch configuration Surface module of the small sta tion Mass before entry 86 kg Surface module mass.31 kg Payload mass kg Soft landing system. air bags Landing velocity...20 m/s Operation lifetime.1 year A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page 8 // 38 38

9 BACKGROUND TECHNOLOGIES: MARS-96 SPACECRAFT PENETRATOR Inflatable braking device (IBD) Solid rocket motor IBD cover Instrumentation compartment Tail part Balloon drop test of the penetrator (penetrator with inflatable braking device) MARS-96 spacecraft Penetrator general view Penetrated part Mass before entry..110 kg Inflatable braking device (IBD) mass 29 kg Main IBD diameter. 2.3 m Additional IBD diameter 3.8 m Scientific package mass... 5 kg Impact velocity m/s Maximal g-load.. < 500 Depth of penetration m Operation lifetime..1 year A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page 9 // 38 38

10 Stowed configuration CHOSEN CONCEPT (5 candidates) Inflatable heat shield Inflatable aerobrake A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page // 38 38

11 A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page // 38 38

12 MetNet Team & Test Prototype Inflatable aerobrake Penetrator body FMI Team inspecting MetNet prototype H/W in the BSC in Moscow A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page // 38 38

13 Equipment module, 4 kg (P/L 2.5 kg) P/L Bay A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page // 38 38

14 Mass Budget System: kg kg Entry, Descent and 7,9 Landing System Lander body 4,9 Equipment module 4 Landing module 8,9 Total Entry Mass 16,8 A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page // 38 38

15 A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page // 38 38

16 A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page // 38 38

17 Thermal protection system tests A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page // 38 38

18 Inflatable heat shield tested using Volna launcher for suborbital flight A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page // 38 38

19 MetNets piggy-backed with the Phobos Sample Return Mission Subjects of research: Laboratory examination of Fobos substance, delivered to Earth; Research of Fobos and monitoring of Mars from landing module; Research of Fobos and its surrounding space from orbital module. MAIN FACTS: Launch Vehicle (LV)...Soyuz-2/1b Launch site...baikonur Cosmodrome Launch date....october, 2009 Interplanetary Earth Mars cruise time months Launch from Phobos..July August, 2011 Interplanetary Mars Earth cruise time months Return to Earth.....June July, 2012 Mission total time... ~ months SC mass kg Scientific equipment mass..50 kg Phobos soil samples mass kg A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page // 38 38

20 Low Cost Mars Mission A single MetNet µ-lander could be sent to Mars using SLBM LV Acceleration from LEO by electric propulsion engine (used for more than decade) Small interplanetary cruise stage (heritage from earlier missions) Low cost Requires communications satellite around Mars (MEX, NASAs orbiters, special comsat) MetNet µ -lander SLBM launch vehicle Volna IP-cruising stage A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page // 38 38

21 A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page // 38 38

22 Kosmos 3M launcher A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page // 38 38

23 Payload Prototyping Performed With Flight Dimensions A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page // 38 38

24 Equipment module, 4 kg (P/L 2.5 kg) P/L Bay A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page // 38 38

25 A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page // 38 38

26 LIDAR Proto A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page // 38 38

27 A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page // 38 38

28 A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page // 38 38

29 T.C. / s HUMIDITY TIME LAG OF H-HUMICAP THIN 1 POLYMER MORE POROSITY 0.1 BASIC VERSION T E M P E R A T U R E / C A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page // 38 38

30 Dust filter 0.22 µm PTFE membrane Mounting bracket Faraday shield Humicap humidity sensors Transducer circuitry FR4 PCB Flight configuration. EQM- and VM- models will be manufactured in Oct. -06 Dimensions 35 mm x Ø16, mass ~15 g A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page // 38 38

31 A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page // 38 38

32 Flight test A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page // 38 38

33 A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page // 38 38

34 A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page // 38 38

35 Two MetNet Probes Fabricated to Flight Spec (w/o flight payload) A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page // 38 38

36 A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page // 38 38

37 A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page // 38 38

38 IP-cruising stage MetNet µ -lander SLBM launch vehicle Volna A.-M Harri et et al., Sputnik 50-year Jubilee, Moscow, Oct-2007 Page // 38 38