Human Factors and Habitability
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1 Human Factors and Habitability Discussion of Midterm Required Crew Volumes Human Physiological Adaptation to 0G Workstation Design Restraint Design Ideal Cabin Layout Habitability in Partial Gravity Stowage Extravehicular Activity David L. Akin - All rights reserved
2 Initial Design Review 2:30-4:30 tomorrow (Friday, 10/30) Engineering Annex Building 0307 (in courtyard of A. V. Williams) 2
3 Midterm Exam In-class on Thursday 11/5 Open notes Bring a calculator No computers or cell phones Sample midterm and solutions are posted on spacecraft site 3
4 Mercury Spacecraft Interior Layout 4
5 Gemini 4 Crew Cabin 5
6 Apollo Command Module Interior (port side) 6
7 Apollo Command Module Interior (starboard) 7
8 Apollo Command Module Interior 8
9 Apollo Spacecraft (Rescue Configuration) 9
10 Soyuz Interior 10
11 Apollo Lunar Module Interior (looking fwd) 11
12 Apollo Lunar Module Interior (looking aft) 12
13 Required Habitable Volume (Celentano) Skylab (100 m 3 ) ISS (170 m 3 ) Shuttle + Spacelab Shuttle + Spacehab Shuttle Lunar Module Mercury Apollo Gemini From Nicogossian et. al., Space Biology and Medicine, Vol. II: Life Support and Habitability, AIAA,
14 Historical Data Fitted to Celentano 62 ( ) 1 e t 35 14
15 Curve Fit to Small Hab Data Only 20 ( ) 1 e t 8 15
16 Acoustics From Nicogossian et. al., Space Biology and Medicine, Vol. II: Life Support and Habitability, AIAA,
17 0G Neutral Body Posture From Nicogossian et. al., Space Biology and Medicine, Vol. II: Life Support and Habitability, AIAA,
18 0G Restrained Reach Envelope From Nicogossian et. al., Space Biology and Medicine, Vol. II: Life Support and Habitability, AIAA,
19 Minimum Translation Paths (IVA) 19
20 0G Workstation Layout From Nicogossian et. al., Space Biology and Medicine, Vol. II: Life Support and Habitability, AIAA,
21 Apollo Telescope Mount Training 21
22 Skylab ATM Chair Restraint From MSFC Skylab Crew Systems Mission Evaluation, NASA TM X-64825,
23 Operating ATM On-Orbit 23
24 Skylab Table Restraints From MSFC Skylab Crew Systems Mission Evaluation, NASA TM X-64825,
25 Isogrid Flooring Design From MSFC Skylab Crew Systems Mission Evaluation, NASA TM X-64825,
26 Skylab Orbital Workshop Module 26
27 Cleat Restraint System From MSFC Skylab Crew Systems Mission Evaluation, NASA TM X-64825,
28 Skylab Triangle-Cleat Shoe 28
29 EVA Foot Restraints From MSFC Skylab Crew Systems Mission Evaluation, NASA TM X-64825,
30 Skylab Exterior Configuration 30
31 Skylab Orbital Work Shop Interior 31
32 Skylab Multiple Docking Adapter Layout From MSFC Skylab Crew Systems Mission Evaluation, NASA TM X-64825,
33 Skylab Living Quarters Layout 33
34 Skylab Sleeping Compartments 34
35 Skylab Wardroom Layout From MSFC Skylab Crew Systems Mission Evaluation, NASA TM X-64825,
36 Skylab Wardroom Table 36
37 Skylab Waste Management Compartment 37
38 Stowage Number of items stowed proportional to volume, crew size, duration, complexity of mission Mercury: 48 items Gemini: 196 Apollo: 1727 Shuttle: 2600 Skylab: 10,160 ISS: >20,000 After you stow it, how do you find it? 38
39 Psychosocial Issues Scheduling and planning Recreation Command structure Issues affecting crew morale Environment Food and drink Exercise Hygiene Noise Lighting 39
40 International Space Station 40
41 A Tour of International Space Station 41
42 Analogue Habitats - NR-1 Submarine 42
43 Minimum Functional (Lunar) Habitats 43
44 44
45 Habitat Layout - Vertical or Horizontal? Geometric modeling of packing factor to fit humans into cylindrical shapes Mass estimation for human-rated pressurized volumes from JSC (converted to metric) M < kg >= ( A surface <m 2 > ) Space Systems Laboratory
46 Habitat Layout Trades - Floor Area Mass (kg) Habitable Floor Area (m^2) Vertical, 1 floor Horizontal, L=3 m Horizontal, L=5.5 m Horizontal, L=8 m Vertical, 2 floors Design Point 46 Space Systems Laboratory
47 Habitat Layout Trades - Useful Volume 47 Space Systems Laboratory
48 Habitat Layout Trades - Accessible Wall Mass (kg) Surface-Accessible Wall Length (m) Vertical, 1 floor Horizontal, L=3 m Horizontal, L=5.5 m Horizontal, L=8 m Vertical, 2 floors Design Point 48 Space Systems Laboratory
49 Habitat Layout Trades - Total Volume Mass (kg) Total Interior Volume (m^3) Vertical, 1 floor Horizontal, L=3 m Horizontal, L=5.5 m Horizontal, L=8 m Vertical, 2 floors Design Point 49 Space Systems Laboratory
50 Conclusions From Trades and Designs Minimum functional habitat is feasible across the spectrum of possible designs Inflatable Horizontal cylinder Vertical cylinder An MFH which meets the mass limitations of this study will be quite small Multilayer vertical configuration (clearly favored by parametric analysis) has much less design background (other than colonization concepts) Significant utility to a full-scale mockup for evaluation 50 Space Systems Laboratory
51 Development of Final Design Synthesis from preliminary designs, trade studies, virtual reality, and full-scale mockup tended to 3.65 m diameter Two full-diameter levels Separation of operations and habitation functions Operational assumptions Four suitports for nominal ops plus inflatable airlock Premium on stowage, multipurpose space, functionality Design to MFH specifications for outpost; examine options in both growth (multihabitat) and isolated (self-sufficient habitat) directions 51 Space Systems Laboratory
52 UMd Final MFH Design m diameter 5.5 m tall 4:1 ellipsoidal endcaps Three module berthing ports (Cx standard) Four suitports (two in berthing hatches) Inflatable airlock All 6063-T6 structure Space Systems Laboratory
53 Habitat Orthogonal Views 3.65 m 5.5 m 53 Space Systems Laboratory
54 Lower Deck Layout CTB Stowage Racks Air Handling/ CO2 Scrubbing/ Heat Exchanger Multipurpose Table Berthing Hatch Ladder to Upper Deck 54 Water Recycling Space Systems Laboratory
55 Lower Deck Layout 55 Space Systems Laboratory
56 Upper Deck Layout Individual Crew Berths Galley Wall - Food Preparation Bathroom Table and Seats Opened for Meals; Stowed Otherwise 56 CTB Stowage Racks Space Systems Laboratory
57 Upper Deck Layout 57 Space Systems Laboratory
58 Crew Berths Personal sleeping berths Individual stowage for 6 CTBs and 0.24 m 3 of loose gear Water wall kg of water provides 5 gm/cm 2 radiation shielding (polyethylene door not shown) Contingency waste management for 48 hours 58 Space Systems Laboratory
59 Crew Berths 59 Space Systems Laboratory
60 Partial Gravity Sims of Habitability 60 Space Systems Laboratory
61 Segmented Rover - Inboard Plan View Bhardwaj et. al., Design of a Pressurized Lunar Rover - Final Report NASA CR , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,
62 Segmented Rover - Inboard Profiles Bhardwaj et. al., Design of a Pressurized Lunar Rover - Final Report NASA CR , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,
63 TURTLE Interior Mockup - ENAE
64 Analysis of Sight Lines Bhardwaj et. al., Design of a Pressurized Lunar Rover - Final Report NASA CR , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,
65 Constellation Lunar Surface Architecture 65
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