Surface Area: the smaller the particles, the the rate of solubility.

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1 1. What is a solution? 2. What are the parts of a solution? (Ex. Lemonade) a. Solute: Ex. b. Solvent: Ex. 3. What is Solubility? a. Soluble: b. Insoluble: 4. Factors that Affect the Rate of Solubility: Amount of solute: the rate of solubility the more solute added Temperature: as you increase the temperature, you the rate of solubility Why? Surface Area: the smaller the particles, the the rate of solubility. Ex: Crushed vs Cubed?

2 Solutions from A to Z *Here are some situations that involve real solutions. Read through them with a classmate. For each situation, do the following: 1. Identify the type of solution (solid in a liquid, liquid in a liquid, etc.) Enter your responses in the table below. 2. Identify the solvent and solute in each solution. Enter the information in the table below. Situation Type of solution Solute Solvent A. Fish breathe oxygen, which is dissolved in water. B. A 100 g sample of vinegar is made up of 5 g of liquid acetic acid and 95 g of water. C. A clear mixture of baking soda and water often helps an upset stomach. D. Brass is an alloy that can be made by mixing 65 parts of molten copper with 35 parts of molten zinc. E. Alcohol is added to gasoline to make gasohol. F. The antifreeze used in a car radiator is a mixture of liquid ethylene glycol and water. The ethylene glycol is present in the greater quantity. G. On a windy day, snow and ice disappear into the air without melting. H. Sugar, lemon juice, and water make up lemonade. I. Rubbing alcohol is a good de-icer for locks because it can dissolve water drops frozen in the keyhole. J. When you open a bottle of sparkling water, bubbles of gas suddenly appear throughout the water and rise to the top. K. A few drops of food coloring can change the color of water. L. Pulp mills discharge a gas that spreads through the air. The gas can be smelled kilometers away. M. Sulfur dioxide in the air mixes with water droplets in the atmosphere to form acid rain.

3 N. Minerals in the ground can be dissolved by acid rain. O. Rain falling on the ground mixes with carbon dioxide from decaying plants and the roots of plants. The result is the formation of a weak acid. P. In some places, this weak acid dissolves limestone to make limestone caves. Q. Water from lakes and streams is continually evaporating into the air. R. Clear ocean water contains a considerable amount of sodium chloride and potassium chloride (two types of salt). S. Air is made up of almost four parts nitrogen gas to one part oxygen gas. T. A bit of table salt in water helps heal cuts. U. When an effervescent tablet is added to water, it fizzes and then becomes clear. The solution tastes a little salty. V. Runoff water from some farms and forests contains insecticides. W. There are traces of DDT in ocean water, even in the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans. X. If iodine crystals are dropped into a dry, warm container, a purple vapor suddenly appears and spreads evenly through the air in the container. Y. When foods are boiled, some of their valuable vitamins are lost in the process Z. Gold jewelry usually contains some copper to make it stronger and less expensive.

4 *Name 3 ways that you could increase the solubility of ice tea mix in a glass of water: i. ii. iii. 5. Solutions b. Dilute/unsaturated: c. Supersaturated: d. Concentrated: e. Saturated: *Name two ways you could change the concentration of a solution: i. ii. 6. Solubility Graphs: a. Each line on the solubility graph represents a(n) solution. b. Anything above that specific line is a(n) solution. c. Anything below that specific line is a(n) solution.

5 1. How many grams of NH4Cl will dissolve at 80 C to make this solution saturated? 2. What temperature will dissolve 60g of HCl to make a saturated solution? 3. What kind of solution is it if 50g of HCl is dissolved at a temperature of 15 C? 4. Describe the relationship between the water temperature and the amount of HCl that will dissolve: 5. Describe the relationship between the water temperature and the amount of NH4Cl that will dissolve:

6 *Use the provided solubility graph to answer the following questions: For questions 1 4 an amount of solute is given, and a temperature is stated. If all of the solute could be dissolved in 100 g of water at the given temperature, would the resulting solution be unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated? g KCl at 70 C g KClO3 at 60 C g NaNO3 at 10 C g CaCl2 at 20 C For questions 5 8 a solute and temperature are given. Tell how many grams of each solute must be added to 100 g of water to form a saturated solution at the given temperature. 6. Pb(NO3)2 at 10 C 7. NaCl at 20 C 7. Ce2(SO4)3 at 50 C 8. K2Cr2O7 at 50 C Challenge Questions: For questions 9 and 10 underline the solution that is more concentrated. 9. At 10 C: a saturated solution of KNO3 or a saturated solution of CaCl At 50 C: a saturated solution of KNO3 or an unsaturated solution of NaNO3 consisting of 90 g of the solute dissolved in 100 g of water. For questions 11 12, show your work and circle your final answer. 11. If 115 g KNO3 are added to 100 g of water at 35 C, how many grams do not dissolve? 12. What mass of KCl would be needed to form a saturated solution if the KCl was dissolved in 200 g of water at 80 C?