Instructor Guide. A Road Construction Industry Consortium Training Program. Basic Modules Version Hole SUBPART ZONE BEGIN ZONE INSTRUCTION

Transcription

1 + ROADWAY SAFETY SUBPART BEGIN INSTRUCTION ZONE ZONE K A Road Construction Industry Consortium Training Program Instructor Guide Basic Modules Version 11.0 A TI OR N O M N I A VI C AB N ER L 0 S ER ATION A L U OR G G ENGI N E T NI RA, OF O PE ON N I I Z E D D EC. N INT A THE VOICE OF TRANSPOR ATION Hole U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration

2 UNION ORGANIZED LABOR OF INTERNATIONAL DEC. OMNIA OPERATING ENGINEERS 7, 1896 VINCIT Laborers' Interna onal Union of North America Laborers Health and Safety Fund of North America LIUNA Training & Educa on Fund Interna onal Union of Opera ng Engineers American Road & Transporta on Builders Associa on Na onal Asphalt Pavement Associa on American Associa on of State Highway Transporta on Officials Texas Transporta on Ins tute A THE VOICE OF TRANSPOR ATION U.S. Department of Transporta on Federal Highway Administra on 2012 Laborers Health & Safety Fund of North America, Washington, DC All rights reserved. This material was produced under grant number 46C3-HT06 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and is based upon work supported by the Federal Highway Administration under grant agreement DTFH61-06-G Any opinions, ndings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the Author(s) and do not necessarily re ect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor or the Federal Highway Administration. No statement made in this booklet should be construed to convey an impression that any member of the consortium, its af liates, employees, or subcontractors have assumed any part of the employer s exclusive legal responsibility for providing a safe and healthful workplace as mandated by the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Produced for the consortium by FOF Communications.

3 Preface Roadway Safety + is a comprehensive, flexible, multi-threaded program in which each presenter can take a different path. Some presenters use all the technical features for a fully interactive program. Some use RSP as a Power Point style tool with interactive demos. Some like the basic slide show mode with or without interactive demos. This instructor guide will help you find the presentation path and mode that work best for you.

4 Contents Basic Modules Introduction Runovers/Backovers (6 modules) TTCDs (Temporary Traffic Control Devices) Operator Safety Struck or Crushed (2 modules) Flagger Safety Night Work (5 modules) Excavation Electrical Hazards (4 modules) Sprains and Strains Fall Hazards Noise Hazards Health Hazards Working Outdoors Emergencies Safe Driving Disaster Response Advanced Modules TTC Tool Kit Access/Egress Speed Management Positive Guidance Work Zone Safety for Motorcycles/Bicycles Exposure Controls Use of Law Enforcement Public/Traveler Information Strategies on Improving Worker Safety Payment for TTCs Other Modules Utility Work Zone Traffic Control Courses Wayne State University (Tabs at screen top for courses/print manuals) Page Notes This Instructor Guide covers the RSP Basic Modules. See HOW TO VIDEO on Home tab of Instructor Menu See RSP USER TIPS on next 2 pages and page 48 of this Guide Advanced Modules are covered in the separate Instructor Guide to Advanced Modules. Nine of the Advanced Modules also have companion guidance documents available in the PRINT MATERIALS tab of the Instructor Menu. Advanced Modules appear in the Set Module Order play list in the Instructor Menu. Utility Wok Zone Traffic Control appears in gray on the Set Module Order play list in the Instructor Menu.

5 What Are Roadway Safety+ Basic Modules? + Basic Modules are designed for presentation by supervisory personnel with safety and health experience or by safety and health personnel or by professional vocational/skills training instructors in the road construction industry. How Should an Instructor Deliver Roadway Safety+? As an instructor, you must do more than present knowledge. You must impact a trainee s attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. That is why + Basic Modules are designed using the QUESTIONING METHOD. Research shows that trainees must be able to voice their objections to new ideas and contribute their own solutions to problems. In this Guide, the main column displays course content in Q&A form. The right column contains other relevant information designed to spark the interaction you need for effective instruction. Quizzes. Quizzes before and after each module let you and the trainees know where they start and how much they learn. RSP Quizzes are in interactive or print form (see next page). Stories. Stories and case studies can be a very effective tool in training. Stories help instructors point out the dangers while using real life scenarios. The stories in the RSP Case Studies can be presented at the beginning of a modular session to stimulate participation. Each story takes only 2 3 minutes. You may also want to use your own stories and personal stories from the trainees. What Does an Instructor Need to Deliver Roadway Safety+? RSP USB/Flash drive or DVD or web download ( a computer, and a projector (You may also install RSP on a USB and move it from machine to machine.) FlipBook (optional) and/or Trainee Booklets for all trainees and/or Toolbox Pamphlets for all trainees Print quizzes with answer keys for Basic Modules (optional). English, Spanish, and Portuguese. With the web download or DVD version, the instructor can switch instantly among English, Spanish, and Portuguese in any of the RSP Basic Modules. All of the above products come in English, Spanish, and Portuguese for the Basic Modules. To play narrator in selected language, click VOICE and mouseover right to show volume slider. Voice plays automatically in INTERACTIVE mode. On static screens, you must right click each line. Click *menu to go out of order to any module in your selected play list Choose English or Metric units of measure Next module in your Set Module Order See HOW TO VIDEO Instructor Menu Flip among English, Spanish, and Portuguese in RSP Basic Modules See TIPS FOR USE on Instructor Menu and on page 48 of this Guide QUIT button offers Go to Instructor Menu Quit the Program or Return to Program Screen number End symbol appears after last bullet on a screen The RSP Basic Modules appear in yellow on the Set Module Order play list on the Instructor Menu. The RSP Advanced Modules appear on the Set Module Order play list in red; however, the Instructor Guide for those modules is a separate document. RSP Interactive Quizzes are activated in the Instructor Menu. RSP Print Quizzes are in the PRINT MATERIALS tab on Instructor Menu. (See next page.) RSP Case Studies (Stories) are in the PRINT MATERIALS tab on the Instructor Menu. All print products listed at left (except FlipBook) are available in the PRINT MATERIALS tab on the Instructor Menu. See navigation details on pages of this Guide Key Navigation Tips In all Roadway Safety+ Basic Modules, controls for advancing, returning, etc., are visible at bottom of screen. (In Advanced Modules, controls appear on mouseover.) The right arrow advances to the next screen. The left arrow returns to the previous screen. DETOUR lets you go to any screen in the module. Screen number and total number of screens in the module appear at left of the QUIT button. In INTERACTIVE mode, the red and white END symbol will appear at lower right after you have clicked through the entire screen. In SLIDE SHOW mode, this symbol is always present. Don t outrun your computer!

6 Instructor Set Up Menu Tips As the user, you decide how to present +. RSP contains many features. Some are simple. Others are very sophisticated. The most basic approach is to click the START button* on the Home tab of the Instructor Menu. To explore RSP features and customize your set up for your own uses, look in each tab at the top of the Menu. To learn about RSP features and navigation, watch the 10 minute How To Video by clicking that button and/or read the Tips for Use instructions by clicking that button. Play List drag select titles into desired sequence Set to enable optional display of applicable national and/or state regulation(s) by bullet Activate interactive quiz option (see below) PDF print products See HOW TO VIDEO on Home tab of Instructor Menu See if newer versions are available on website Customize RSP window to monitor Click to read brief instructions See details on pages * To skip selecting features, just click START and select Interactive, Slide Show, or Auto Advance Click to turn on Acronyms and/or Help Rarely, RSP screens may not display properly and you install fonts to correct All RSP measures display in english or metric. You can set default here. You can change it at any time on any screen. If you activate the interactive quizzes (see above), this? will appear on the first and last screens of a module. Click? to start quiz. RSP Interactive Quizzes are activated in the Instructor Menu. RSP Print Quizzes are in the PRINT MATERIALS tab on Instructor Menu. Interactive quizzes can be used alone, with print quizzes, or with an Audience Response System (ARS). See Quiz Settings tab in the Instructor Menu and watch the video. For technical issues with ARS connections, fof@fofcom.com with RSP ARS User in subject box. Script Error? Very rarely, you may see this message as you click through RSP. It asks: Continue? Click YES.

7 Introduction 1 Introduction S-1: What Is the Roadway Safety Program? S 1 describes the program and identifies the Roadway Consortium that developed Roadway Safety+. S 1 also acknowledges funding from the U.S. Federal Highway Administration and the U.S. DOL Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Mouseover each logo to show the full name of the organization. The Introduction is a mandatory module. S 1 must be shown. RSP Basic Modules provide an overview of common hazards and prevention measures in highway and road construction. RSP Advanced Modules provide guidance for supervisors, management, and agencies in identifying and controlling work zone hazards. OPTIONAL SCREENS S-2: Why Do We Need a Roadway Safety Program? Building roads and highways can be dangerous. Each year: About 7,500 highway construction workers get hurt or sick. More than 80 highway construction workers are killed. S 2 explains why roadway safety training is necessary. Click 1 or strike 1 key to show the Stay Alert diversion.click BACK or strike B key to return. Our work doesn't have to be dangerous if We are made aware of the hazards. We are given ways to avoid the hazards. We raise safety concerns with our supervisors. We stay alert at all times. Working together, we can make sure everyone goes home safe and healthy. S-3: Do Safety Programs Help? Workers must follow company safety policies. Workers should: Follow all safety rules and practices. Avoid horseplay and reckless behavior. Ask for instructions if you don t understand. Join in safety discussions. Ask questions. Share your knowledge and experience. Stay alert at all times. Employers are responsible for determining whether employees understand the information. S 3 presents 5 basic practices all road workers should follow. S 3 also offers the above diversion. (Notice the 1 is now faded if you showed the diversion from S 2. This indicates a diversion or demo has been shown.) Advance to next module in your Set Module Order.

8 Runovers/Backovers 2 Runovers/Backovers Module Structure This module is structured to enable the instructor to present segments Introduction (2 screens) relevant for the specific audience. Basic Awareness Tab (4 screens) Advanced Tab General (14 screens) on Screen 14 choice of tabs for Operators/Drivers Tab (5 screens) Contractors Responsibilities Tab (11 screens) Agency/Owner Responsibilities Tab (4 screens) Basic Awareness Tab (same as above) Module Outline Introduction S-1: What Are Runovers and Backovers? A one page Case Study sheet is in Case Studies in PRINT MATERIALS tab at top right of the Instructor Menu. TABS for each segment appear at bottom of screen. Segment titles appear at top left of screen. S 1 Introduction title appears at top left. When a worker on foot is struck by a vehicle. Vehicle types: Motorists vehicles passing through a work zone. Construction vehicles, equipment operating in work zone. Introduction S-2: Are Runovers and Backovers a Problem? They are the main cause of road work deaths. Facts: In a recent year, 63% of road worker deaths were due to runovers/backovers. More than half are by construction vehicles and equipment especially dump trucks. Remainder are by vehicles traveling through the work zone: Intrusions into work space Workers in traffic space BASIC AWARENESS Basic S-1: Can We Be Safe Near Equipment/Traffic? Being struck is the biggest danger in road work. Workers on foot must: Remain alert at all times. Check surroundings often. Listen for warnings. Keep a safe distance from traffic. Stay behind protective barriers where possible. Look out for each other. Warn coworkers. Basic S-2: What Other Precautions Do We Need? Employers must show the use of proper personal protective equipment. Workers must wear: Proper class of safety vest at all times in the work zone. High visibility clothing and headgear. Bright colored hard hats are more visible. Workers can also be hit by debris from passing vehicles and by vehicle mirrors. TABS now available at bottom screen right. Select one: BASIC AWARENESS ADVANCED S 1 Basic title appears in module title at top. S 2 Click or strike red numbers to show definitions of the classes. Class 3 applies most often in road construction. Class 2: Minimum for roadway workers or workers in close proximity to traffic. Recommended for other workers in inclement weather, in areas with complex backgrounds, or where vehicles and equipment travel at speeds greater than 25 mph. Examples: roadway construction workers, utility workers, survey crews. Class 3: For work when exposed to high speed traffic and/or conditions where visibility of workers may be reduced. For conditions where equipment operators perform tasks near workers on foot. Worker must be conspicuous through a full range of body motions at a minimum of 1,280 feet and identifiable as a person. Examples include flaggers, roadway construction workers, utility workers, survey crews, emergency responders.

9 Runovers/Backovers 3 Basic S-3: What About Construction Equipment? Treat equipment and vehicles with caution. Around equipment and vehicles: Stay out of blind spots. Communicate with drivers and operators by radio and/or eye contact. Don't approach until you communicate with the operator or driver and he/she acknowledges you. Stay outside a safety circle around equipment. Stay clear of vehicles. Know the traffic control plan. Use spotters when you must work with your back to equipment or traffic. Equipment Blind Spots Demo Follow screen instructions. Place mouse over worker at point A and drag. (Moving worker at point A also moves the worker behind the excavator at bottom.) All heavy equipment has blind spots. Operators and workers on the ground need to become familiar with them. Work Zone Set Up Demo Click screen to show the instructions. You can drag and drop each sign or you can click boxes for Show All West/East Bound Signs for correct placements. Points to be made: the set up is more than just hanging up a few signs. It's more difficult than it seems, but guidelines are available. S 3 Strike or click 1 to use BLIND SPOT DEMO.Follow screen instructions.moving worker at point A also moves worker behind excavator at bottom.click BACK or strike B to return to S 3. Which blind spots are the most dangerous? What can be done to avoid them? Discuss mirrors, backup alarms, camera and radar systems, use of barriers. S 3 Strike or click 2 to use WORK ZONE SET UP DEMO. Mouseover red Instructions at top. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 3. See the RSP Advanced Module Positive Guidance for information on setting up work zones. Also see RSP Advanced Modules Speed Management and Access/Egress. Corresponding guidance documents on these topics are available under the PRINT MATERIALS tab on the Instructor Menu and as downloads on WorkZoneSafety.org. Basic S-4: How Can We Be Safe When Placing TCDs? Simple precautions make placement of TCDs (Traffic Control Devices) safer. Workers should: Wear Class 3 vests to be easily seen. Place, relocate, or remove TCDs when traffic flow is light. When possible, work from platform on vehicle. Use seat, seatbelt, fall restraint, or guardrail and a handhold when guardrail must be removed. Stay in constant communication with driver. Use shadow vehicle to warn drivers. See RSP Basic Module TTCDs. ADVANCED tab available at bottom screen right.

10 Runovers/Backovers 4 ADVANCED General S-1: Why So Many Runovers/Backovers? Mainly because roads are more congested. Congestion: Expedited schedules, small work spaces, rapid work to minimize impact on traffic flow. Work on existing roads exposes workers to traffic. More work zones tens of thousands during peak construction times. General S-2: Why Are Workers Killed by Motorists? Motorists enter the work space. Motorists may be: Unable to see workers. Surprised by work zone and TTC (Temporary Traffic Control) set up. Ignoring warnings. Distracted or impaired Phones, handheld devices Drowsy Drugs, alcohol Speeding. S 1 Advanced title appears in module title at top. General title appears at top left. The question does not imply that motorists intentionally harm workers. Workers must know that too many motorists are not completely in control of their vehicles or even aware of the work zone. General S-3: Why Are Workers Killed by Motorists? Workers stray into the traffic space. Workers may: Be preoccupied by work. Not appreciate the risks. Have no convenient access to work areas. Rest rooms Food and water Shade/breaks Other local work areas Staging of company and personal vehicles General S-4: How Do We Prevent Runovers by Motorists? Use proper TTCD set up and retrieval. Proper TTCD (Temporary Traffic Control Device) set up: Comply with MUTCD and State/local document. Inspect and maintain TTCDs. Ensure qualified engineer makes modifications when necessary. Setup/retrieve in correct order. TTCD Setup/Retrieval Demo Install from the first TTCD motorists see to the last. Remove from the last TTCD seen to the first. S 4 Strike or click 1 to use TTCD SETUP/RETRIEVAL DEMO. Follow screen instructions. Click BACK or strike B to return. Ask trainees to analyze why this system is the safest way to install/retrieve TTCDs. Also see RSP Basic Module TTCDs.

11 Runovers/Backovers 5 ADVANCED (Continued) General S-5: How Do We Prevent Runovers/Backovers? Workers must always be sure to be visible. How to be visible: Wear appropriate high visibility garments Safety supervisor will determine type FHWA regs require minimum Class 2 for all work Hi viz garments must be clean, in good condition. Hi viz garments must fit and be closed in front. Wear hard hat, sleeved shirt, other PPE. Don t stand over crest of hill, in shadows, other places where you may not be visible to motorists, operators. Lighting affects visibility, drivers vision hindered by Bright sunlight, sun close to horizon (dawn, sunset) Work lights, equipment lights, lights of oncoming traffic When To Replace Hi-Viz Apparel Demo Click each photo in turn to increase size. Photos provided by Michigan Department of Transportation and Washington Department of Transportation.. The Roadway Work Zone Safety and Health Partners Alliance brochure High Visibility Clothing for Heavy & Highway Construction can be displayed by clicking Here on screen (see right column image). S 5 Click or strike 1 to show garments.click or strike red numbers to show definitions of the classes.class 3 applies most often in road construction. See full definitions on page 2.Click BACK or strike B to return to S 5. S 5 Click or strike 2 to show WHEN TO REPLACE HI VIZ APPAREL DEMO. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 5. General S-6: How Do We Prevent Runovers/Backovers? Workers should stay in protected areas. Protected areas: Stay on work side of barrier. Know proper path/course to leave for breaks. Stay away from open traffic lanes. Talk with others only in safe area away from traffic. Get in/out of vehicles on non traffic side. Plan emergency escape route, revise as needed. Park personal vehicle for safe access to work and vehicle. S 6 After Bullet 7, click or strike red numbers at left to review image for each bullet. General S-7: Can an Internal Traffic Control Plan Help? Yes. ITCP coordinates flow of equipment and workers. An ITCP will: Route vehicles to minimize backing. Create traffic free zones for workers on foot. Reduce speed through work areas. Limit access/exit from work areas. Improve communication between workers and equipment. Workers must Be trained on where equipment operates and enters/exists work space. S 7 Click or strike 1 to see Internal Traffic Control Plan booklet. Use the PDF controls to page through and/or print booklet. The booklet is also available for download on the web link on screen. S 7 Click or strike 2 to show an Internal Traffic Control Plan. Click image or strike 3 to return to S 7. ITCP does not have to be highly produced like the example. An ITCP could be a sketch as long as it is clear and effective and communicated to all workers.

12 Runovers/Backovers 6 ADVANCED (Continued) General S-8: How Can We Be Safe Around Equipment? Avoid entering equipment operating areas. Near moving, swinging, pinch point vehicles: Obey markings and barricades in work space, stay outside danger zone. Never enter space unannounced. Approach only after communicating with operator: By radio With hand signals. Wait until operator returns signal. Never assume operator sees you. Ride on vehicles/equipment only in proper seat designed for human occupancy. General S-9: How Do We Avoid Being Crushed? Follow basic rules to avoid being crushed by equipment. Basic rules: Lockout/tagout/hazardous energy control during maintenance, repair, cleaning, inspection. Always secure equipment from unintentional movement. Avoid scissor or pinch points, exposed gears, other movable points. Do not wear loose fitting clothing or jewelry that may get caught in moving equipment parts. General S-10: What Are Blind Spots? Areas where workers on foot cannot be seen by operators. Never assume operator sees you: Each type of equipment has different blind spots. If you can t see operator s face in mirror, operator can t see you. Operators focus on gauges, tasks, conditions, etc. Proper communication is key. Devices help eliminate blind spots Cameras. Sonar devices. Radar devices. Tag systems. Blind Spots Diagrams Demo A NIOSH research team measured and plotted the actual blind spots of a wide variety of equipment. If you do not see a model relevant for your trainees in the RSP Demo, then click the link to the NIOSH website for more makes and models. S 10 Click or strike 1 to use BLIND SPOT DIAGRAMS DEMO. Follow screen instructions. Click each vehicle model to see its diagram. Click web link to see more diagrams. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 10. S 10 Click or strike 2 to use BLIND SPOT DEMO. Follow screen instructions. Moving worker at point A also moves worker behind excavator at bottom. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 10. See BLIND SPOT DEMO description on page 2. See Blind Spots Demo description on page 3.

13 Runovers/Backovers 7 ADVANCED (Continued) General S-11: Why Do We Use Back-Up Alarms? Alarm warns that operator may not see workers when backing up. Respond to alarm! Immediately identify alarm source. Don t rely only on alarms Alarms can become background noise. Listen for alarms masked by other noise. Use and trust your senses. General S-12: Why Must We Learn About TTCDs? We must understand use, spacing, maintaining. Barrels, cones, tubular devices: Will not stop cars from entering work space. Mark boundary between work/traffic spaces. Align/space so drivers see boundary. Maintain retroreflective bands for night visibility, keep clean of dirt/marks. Notify supervisor if set up might need correction. Barriers: Concrete, moveable, water filled: If hit hard enough, can be pushed into work space. Large vehicles can go over. Barriers may not protect from mirrors or other objects extending from vehicles. Avoid working or standing close to barrier. General S-13: What Is a Spotter? Spotters warn operators about nearby workers and hazards. If you are spotter, make sure: Operators know your position. Workers know your responsibilities. Workers do not move behind equipment until you signal permission. Spotters must: Be trained in safe procedures including continuous visibility/contact with operator. With no spotters present, workers must be extra careful and communicate with operator directly before approaching equipment/vehicles. General S-14: What Are the Best General Safety Tips? Work zone is hazardous and requires you to be fully alert at all time. Safety tips: Check surroundings often, listen for warnings. Never work impaired by alcohol, drugs, medications, or any substance that makes you less alert. Get enough sleep, rest before starting your shift. Look out for each other, warn coworkers! TABS now available at bottom screen right. Select one: OPERATORS/DRIVERS CONTRACTOR RESPONSIBILITIES AGENCY/OWNER RESPONSIBILITIES BASIC AWARENESS

14 Runovers/Backovers 8 OPERATORS/DRIVERS Operators S-1: Can an Internal Traffic Control Plan Help? Yes. ITCP coordinates flow of equipment and workers. An ITCP will: Route vehicles to minimize backing. Create traffic free zones for workers on foot. Reduce speed through work areas. Limit access/exit from work areas. Improve communication between workers and equipment. Workers must Be trained on where equipment operates and enters/exists work space. Operators S-2: How Do We Learn About the ITCP? Get a copy of ITCP from the site safety officer or foreman. Review ITCP: Note where workers on foot will work, set up forms of communication. Ensure worker and equipment areas are marked. Talk with other operators and drivers to confirm their understanding of ITCP. Do not wear loose fitting clothing or jewelry that may get caught in moving equipment parts. Operators S-3: What Prevention Devices Can We Use? Alarms, cameras, radar systems, mirrors. Back up alarms: Make sure yours is working. Alarms with broadband white noise make it easier to distinguish/locate. Video cameras: Properly mounted cameras eliminate blind spots in rear view mirrors. Best system pairs camera with sensor to tell driver to look at screen. Radar systems: Warn driver as vehicle nears an object. Mirrors: Not high tech must be working, clean, properly adjusted may still be blind spots. Back Up Alarm Audio Demos Ask trainees if they are familiar with all of the types of audio alarms in the demo. Ask trainees which alarm they think would be most effective and why. S 1 Click or strike 1 to show an Internal Traffic Control Plan. Click image to return to S 1. The ITCP does not have to be highly produced like the example. An ITCP could be a sketch as long as it is clear and effective and communicated to all workers. S 2 Click or strike 1 to show an Internal Traffic Control Plan. Click image to return to S 2. The ITCP does not have to be highly produced like the example. An ITCP could be a sketch as long as it is clear and effective and communicated to all workers. S 3 BACK UP ALARMS AUDIO DEMOS. Click or strike 1 to play audio clip of common back up alarm. Click 2 to turn off. Click 3 to play audio clip of broadband white noise back up alarm. Click 4 to turn off. Click 5 to play audio clip of voice alarm triggered by sensor. Click 6 to turn off. S 3 Click or strike 7 to use BLIND SPOT DIAGRAMS DEMO. Follow screen instructions. Click each model to see its diagram. Click web link to see more diagrams. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 3. See Blind Spots Diagrams Demo description on page 6.

15 Runovers/Backovers 9 OPERATORS/DRIVERS (Continued) Operators S-4: What Should We Know About Spotters? Recommended by NIOSH, ANSI, other experts. Spotters: Required by some states when camera/radar are not used. Can also be in danger who spots the spotters? Can help protect workers with their backs to equipment/traffic. If you lost visual contact with spotter, stop until you reconnect. S 4 NIOSH is the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. ANSI is the American National Standards Institute, a private organization setting standards for industry. Operators S-5: What Are Basic Backing Rules? Avoid backing unless absolutely necessary. Backing rules: Never back up unless certain no workers on foot are behind get out of cab to check if necessary. If no spotter is assigned, ask someone to spot for you. If you see worker in mirror, stop until certain worker is in a safe position. Never assume worker will safely walk behind vehicle don t continue backing until you know worker is safely in the clear. TABS now available at bottom screen right. Select one: OPERATORS/DRIVERS CONTRACTOR RESPONSIBILITIES AGENCY/OWNER RESPONSIBILITIES BASIC AWARENESS CONTRACTOR RESPONSIBILITIES Contractor S-1: How Do We Prevent Runovers by Motorists? Use proper TTCD set up. Proper TTCD set up: Comply with MUTCD and State/local document. Inspect and maintain TTCDs. Test drive work zone to find problems with set up. Ensure qualified engineer makes modifications when necessary. Detect vehicles entering buffer area between crews and traffic. CLICK TO STOP See TTCD Setup/Retrieval Demo description on page 4. S 1 Contractor title appears in module title at top. Contractor title appears at top left. S 1 Strike or click 1 to use TTCD SETUP/RETRIEVAL DEMO. Follow screen instructions. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 1. Ask trainees to analyze why this system is the safest way to install/retrieve TTCDs. Also see RSP Basic Module TTCDs. Contractor S-2: How Can Worker Clothing Help? Follow recommendations in ANSI/ISEA 109. Ensure workers are distinguished from surroundings: Provide appropriate class of clothing Class 1 not appropriate for road construction work Class 2 Class 3 Strive for high contrast: if equipment is orange, wear bright yellowgreen, etc. Set and enforce rules to require all workers to properly wear high visibility apparel. S 2 ANSI is the American National Standards Institute, a private organization setting standards for industry. ISEA is the International Safety Equipment Association, a private organization. S 2 Click or strike 1 to show garments. Click or strike red numbers to show definitions of the classes. Class 3 applies most often in road construction. See full definitions on page 2. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 2.

16 Runovers/Backovers 10 CONTRACTOR RESPONSIBILITIES (Continued) Contractor S-3: What Other Measures Can We Use? Use positive separation whenever possible. Protective measures: Provide shadow vehicles and truck mounted attenuators (TMAs) in mobile work zones and areas where workers need more protection from motorists. Temporary barriers installed by trained personnel. Train workers on worker protection contractual provisions required by owner agency. See brochure. Use good procedures for setting, retrieving TTCDs. Attenuator Demo Click Review Attenuator Applications button to see drop down menu of FHWA Typical Applications involving attenuator use. Select one to show. Discuss set up and rational for attenuator use. Click Show Attenuator Use to show a video clip of an attenuator in use protecting workers from an out of control motorist. S 3 Strike or click 1 to use ATTENUATOR DEMO. Follow screen instructions. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 3. S 3 Click or strike 2 to show the Positive Protection pamphlet. Use the controls to page through and/or print pamphlet. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 3. S 3 Strike or click 3 to use TTCD SETUP/RETRIEVAL DEMO. Follow screen instructions.click BACK or strike B to return to S 3.Ask trainees to analyze why this system is the safest way to install/retrieve TTCDs. Also see RSP Basic Module TTCDs. See TTCD Setup/Retrieval Demo description on page 4. Contractor S-4: What Other Measures Can We Use? Provide for safe access to and egress from work area. Protective measures: Provide safe location for workers to park vehicles, access work space. Mark points for safe crossover of construction vehicle paths and, if necessary, open traffic lanes. Local rest areas, toilets, water coolers to give workers safe access without crossing vehicle paths. Provide proximity warning if workers get too close to travel lanes. Contractor S-5: Can an Internal Traffic Control Plan Help? Yes. ITCP coordinates flow of equipment and workers. An ITCP will: Route vehicles to minimize backing. Create traffic free zones for workers on foot. Reduce speed through work areas. Limit access/exit from work areas. Improve communication between workers and equipment. Workers must Be trained on where equipment operates and enters/exists work space. Contractor S-6: How Do We Communicate the ITCP? S 5 Click or strike 1 to show an Internal Traffic Control Plan. Click image to return to S 5. The ITCP does not have to be highly produced like the example. An ITCP could be a sketch as long as it is clear and effective and communicated to all workers. Site safety officer and foremen are responsible. ITCP communication: Site safety officer, foreman explain ITCP and hand out copies. Copies to all workers, inspectors, subs, truckers. As ITCP is updated, relay revised ITCP to all. Site safety officer, foreman enforce compliance with ITCP. Warn workers on foot out of position, vehicles in pedestrian zones, truck drivers exceeding site speed limit. Workers must review, follow ITCP.

17 Runovers/Backovers 11 CONTRACTOR RESPONSIBILITIES (Continued) Contractor S-7: What Prevention Devices Can We Use? Back up alarms, cameras, radar systems, mirrors. Back up alarms: Required on all construction equipment, vehicles Alarms were inoperable in 28% of OSHA investigated deaths When several vehicles operate, workers cannot distinguish alarms from surrounding noise Alarms with broadband white noise make it easier to distinguish Quieter alarms may be required in cities (NYC) Contractor S-8: What Prevention Devices Can We Use? Back up alarms, cameras, radar systems, mirrors. Video cameras: Properly mounted cameras eliminate blind spots in rear view mirrors. Best system pairs camera with sensor to tell driver to look at screen. Radar systems: Warn driver as vehicle nears an object. Mirrors: Not high tech must be working, clean, properly adjusted. May still be some blind spots. Contractor S-9: What Should We Know About Spotters? Recommended by NIOSH, ANSI, other experts. Spotters: Required by some states when camera/radar are not used. Can also be in danger who spots the spotters? Can help protect workers with their backs to equipment/traffic. Contractor S-10: What Are Key Training and Safety Rules? S 8 Click or strike 1 to use BLIND SPOT DIAGRAMS DEMO. Follow screen instructions. Click each model to see its diagram. Click web link to see more diagrams. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 8. S 8 BACK UP ALARMS AUDIO DEMO. Bullet 2 triggers audio clip of voice alarm triggered by sensor. Click 2 or advance to next bullet to turn off. Click 3 to play again. S 9 NIOSH is the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in the Center for Disease Control (CDC) of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. ANSI is the American National Standards Institute, a private organization setting standards for industry. Training, rules must be consistent for operators, drivers, workers. Training/rules: Make sure all workers, drivers, operators are trained on safety rules. Establish no blind backing rules for trucks, equipment. Set up accountability procedures for those who violate rules. Contractor S-11: What Are Best Practices for TTC Mgt? Provide at least one trained work zone supervisor/ttc technician onsite. Best practices: Keep logs, records, photos, other documentation of TTCP, work site. Document problems. Note, evaluate, correct problem indicators such as Displaced TTCDs Skid marks Erratic traffic TABS now available at bottom screen right. Select one: OPERATORS/DRIVERS CONTRACTOR RESPONSIBILITIES AGENCY/OWNER RESPONSIBILITIES BASIC AWARENESS

18 Runovers/Backovers 12 AGENCY/OWNER RESPONSIBILITIES Agency S-1: How Can We Protect Workers from Traffic? Provide traffic monitoring and management. Traveler information systems: Alternate route information. Estimated delay (time/distance). Notification of stopped, slowed traffic. S 1 After Bullet 3, click or strike red numbers at left to review image for each bullet. Agency S-2: How Do We Prevent Runovers by Motorists? Use Intelligent Transportation System technology. ITS technology: Sensors, queue detectors, counters, cameras, variable message systems. Automated enforcement where legal. Variable speed limits based on detected traffic volume, back ups. Work space intrusion alarm. Agency S-3: What About Positive Separation? Provide separation of workers and motorists when appropriate. Positive separation: See FHWA (Subpart K) and state/local regs to determine type most appropriate for WZ Options Full road closure Temporary barrier Movable barrier Truck mounted attenuators (TMA) SLOW DOWN ROAD WORK AHEAD S 3 Click or strike 1 to show the Positive Protection pamphlet. Use the controls to page through and/or print pamphlet. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 3. S 3 Click or strike 2 to show the pull down menu of related issues covered in Subpart K. Select one to see regulatory language. Click image or strike 3 to return to S 3. S 3 Strike or click 4 to use ATTENUATOR DEMO. Follow screen instructions. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 3. See Attenuator Demo description on page 10. Agency S-4: What Else Can Owners/Agencies Do? Here are additional protections to consider. Protections: See items for work zone traffic control Subpart K. Adequate oversight to enforce TC requirements. QC/QA programs to address project specific problems and to improve overall work zone safety programs. S 4 Click or strike 1 to show the pull down menu of related issues covered in Subpart K. Select one to see regulatory language. Click image or strike 2 to return to S 4. TABS now available at bottom screen right: OPERATORS/DRIVERS CONTRACTOR RESPONSIBILITIES AGENCY/OWNER RESPONSIBILITIES BASIC AWARENESS Advance to next module in your Set Module Order.

19 TTCDs 13 TTCDs (Temporary Traffic Control Devices) Module Outline TTCD S-1: What Are the Main Hazards of TTCD Use? Workers and motorists face different hazards. Worker hazards: Struck by motorist. Struck by construction vehicle. Fall from vehicle. Angry motorists. Motorist hazards: Entering buffer or work space as TTCDs are set up or removed. Merging as lane closes. Traffic congestion, delays, and rear end collisions. TTCD Hazard Demo Click Hazard Demos. Select: Fall From Work Vehicle. News video clip reports road worker killed while setting TTCDs when a coworker backed over him. Discuss the incident with trainees and ask them how it should have been prevented. TTCD S-2: How Can We Safely Place TTCDs? Use safe equipment.employers should provide: Platforms for safe deployment/retrieval. Seat belts, fall restraint, and/or guardrails. Shadow vehicles or attenuators. Automated TTCD deployment/retrieval devices. A means to communicate with supervisors or law enforcement in case of aggressive motorists or emergencies. Traffic congestion, delays, and rear end collisions. Seat Belt Demo Click View Seat Belt Demos. This module contains 4 main screens. Select: Head Injury to play video clip of car crash and brief talk by neuro physician. Select: Thrown from Car2 to play video clip of real life event in which person flies from rolling vehicle, lands on freeway, and is run over repeatedly by oncoming traffic. S 1 Strike or click 1 to use TTCD HAZARD DEMO. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 1. S 1 Strike or click 2 to see Angry Public diversion screen. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 1. S 2 Strike or click 1 to show variety of platform designed for TTCD setting/retrieving. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 2. S 2 Strike or click 2 to show SEAT BELT DEMO. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 2. S 2 Strike or click 3 to use ATTENUATOR DEMO. Follow screen instructions. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 2. See the demo description on page 10. S 2 Strike or click 4 to see illustrations of automated systems for setting/retrieving TTCDs. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 2. See Attenuator Demo description on page 10.

20 TTCDs 14 TTCD S-3: How Can We Safely Place TTCDs? Require safe work practices. Workers should: Wear Class 3 or 2 high visibility garments. When possible, work from a platform on the vehicle. Use fall restraint equipment. Stay in constant communication with the driver. Visual communication as a minimum Audio communication is strongly recommended Audio plus visual communication is the best See Seat Belt Demo description on page 13. Communication Demo Click Communication Demo button. Select: Communication Failure to see a second news video on the road worker killed while setting TTCDs when a coworker backed over him see TTCD HAZARD DEMO on page 13. Select: New System to see video clip on cutting edge technology a robot system that uses stereo cameras and radar. S 3 Click or strike 1 to see garments. Then click or strike red numbers to show definitions of the classes. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 3. S 3 Strike or click 2 to show variety of platformed designed for TTCD setting/retrieving. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 3. S 3 Strike or click 3 to show SEAT BELT DEMO. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 3. S 3 Strike or click 4 to show COMMUNICATION DEMO. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 3. TTCD S-4: What Are Best Practices? Precautions make TTCD placement safer. Contractors should: Place, relocate, remove TTCDs when traffic is light. Install TTCDs from the first TTCD motorists see to the last. Remove TTCDs from the last TTCD motorists see to the first. Prohibit workers on foot from operating behind a backing vehicle, behind vehicles that might back up, or in equipment blind spots. Plan moving work zones with proper mobile warning devices (see MUTCD). Arrow panels Changeable message boards Flashing vehicle lights Truck/trailer mounted attenuators Advance to next module in your Set Module Order.

21 Operator Safety 15 Operator Safety Module Outline This module contains 4 main screens. Operator Safety S-1: How Can Operators Stay Safe? Unload, operate equipment only if qualified. Equipment operation: Before starting the equipment, do a complete walk around inspection. Test the back up alarm and other safety devices. Locate and test all controls. Know the equipment blind spots and swing radius. Use equipment seatbelts. Entering and exiting equipment: Use 3 points of contact to prevent falls. Look for other moving equipment, vehicles. Wipe up all grease and fluids on equipment walking and working surfaces. A one page Case Study sheet is in Case Studies in PRINT MATERIALS tab at top right of the Instructor Menu (Crane Operator Falls 30 Feet from a Crane While Working from a Freeway Overpass). S 1 Strike or click 1 to use BLIND SPOT DEMO.Follow screen instructions. Moving worker at point A also moves worker behind excavator at bottom. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 1. See Blind Spots Demo description on page 2. Operator Safety S-2: What Are Other Safety Measures? Stay alert and aware of the hazards. Equipment maintenance/repair: Report all repair needs to your supervisor. Always lock out and tag out equipment that cannot be safely operated. General safety: Use personal protective equipment (PPE) supplied and required by your employer. Never use cell phones, AM/FM radios, ipods, MP3 or CD/DVD players, or other distractions while operating equipment. Safely secure equipment before using employer provided hand held cell phones or walkie talkies. Secure unattended equipment. Lock out and tag out before repair or maintenance. Set the parking brake and chock the wheels. Block dump truck bed. Operator Safety S-3: How Can We Be Safe in the Work Zone? The operator has special responsibilities. Know the job: Know the work zone and your position in it. Know the Internal Traffic Control Plan. Know designated equipment routes and areas. Identify rollover hazards such as unleveled areas, embankments, unstable soil. If you must move cones or barricades, return them to the original positions as soon as possible. Operator Safety S-4: How Can We Protect Other Workers? Always keep other workers in mind. On the work site: Know the locations of other workers around you at all times. Set up a means of communication with workers such as flaggers, grade checkers, and others. Never allow other workers to ride on equipment. Where possible, provide barriers between workers and equipment. Avoid excessive speeds and dangers caused by hills, obstacles, curves. Advance to next module in your Set Module Order.

22 Struck or Crushed 16 Struck or Crushed Module Structure General (6 screens) Management/Contractors Tab (7 screens) Module Outline This module is structured to enable the instructor to present segments relevant for the specific audience. The General segment is the first 6 screens. The optional Management/Contractors Tab appears at the end of screen 6. Struck-General S-1: Can Road Workers Be Struck/Caught? Each year 22 are killed, more injured, disabled in this way. Common events: Struck by falling object. Struck by swinging or slipping object. Caught in and/or squeezed by equipment, other objects. Caught in and crushed by falling materials or objects (e.g., trench cave in). Struck-General S-2: What Are the Primary Causes? Six causes are the most common. Causes: Improper storing, securing materials. Failure to use adequate guards for power tools. Missing or poor communication between workers. Failure to properly rig/tie down materials. Failure to shore up soil/materials that may cave in. Failure to guard against falling tools, materials when working oer head (e.g., toe boards, debris nets). Ask trainees: What percentage of injuries are struck/crushed? (About 17% of all serious injuries in highway work involve being struck by things other than equipment (runovers/backovers). Another 3% are workers being crushed between objects. Together, these account for more than one fifth of all serious injuries in highway work.) Struck-General S-3: What Materials/Eqpt Strike or Crush? Four types of materials/equipment are most common. Types: Tools, suspended loads, other materials are major hazards. Flying objects such from jackhammers, other power tools. Manual work including pushing, pulling, prying. Falling debris, tools from overhead work. Flying Particle Demo Use sliders to set disk diameter and speed. Click Show to see particle velocities in feet per second and miles per hour. Results shows how many pounds of force impact eye if struck by a one gram particle at this speed. Click Damage? to see the damage. Click HOW? to see mathematical formulas. S 3 Strike or click 1 to use FLYING PARTICLE DEMO. Follow screen instructions. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 3. Set diameter and speed and then ask trainees to say how fast they think the particle is flying. Ask trainees if they wear safety glasses. If not, ask if they think they can close their eyes fast enough to avoid injury. Then show the damaged eye... that worker did close his eyes fast enough but the particle flew right through his eyelid.

23 Struck or Crushed 17 Struck-General S-4: How Do We Control S/C Hazards? Control worker exposures to tools, loads, trees. Tools/particles: Ensure guards/shields in good repair on portable power tools. Use all guards provided by manufacturer. Do not remove tool guards. Understand chain saw safety program, do not operate unless trained. When cleaning with compressed air, reduce to 30 psi. Use PPE including safety glasses, face shields.. Struck-General S-5: How Do We Control S/C Hazards? Control worker exposures to tools, loads, trees. Loads/materials: Never enter lifting areas unless assigned, trained. Never walk, work under suspended loads. Mark, barricade hazard areas e.g., swing radius areas for cranes. Use safe methods for rigging, hoisting, setting. Steel plates Manhole frames Barriers Trench boxes Use PPE hard hats, footwear, eye protection. Struck-General S-6: How Do We Control S/C Hazards? Control worker exposures to tools, loads, trees. Loads/materials: Unless trained/assigned, do not enter restricted areas during felling, trimming, loading. Check for functioning protective structures on equipment. Ensure trained person is in charge of hoisting, rigging for logs and limbs. When felling trees by most conventional methods, OSHA s standard for logging operations applies ( ). MANAGEMENT/CONTRACTORS Struck-Mgt S-1: How Do We Control S/C Hazards? Control six hazard types, require training. Materials hazards: Require blocking when unloading materials to ensure load doesn t shift, fall. Instruct on need to stay clear of vehicles transporting materials. Train employees on meaning of warning sounds, devices. Direct that materials are tied down/secured when transported. Require proper stacking of materials to prevent sliding, falling, collapse. TABS now available at bottom screen right. Select one: GENERAL MANAGEMENT/CONTRACTORS S 1 BACK UP ALARMS AUDIO DEMOS. Click or strike 1 to play audio clip of common back up alarm. Click 2 to turn off. Click 3 to play audio clip of broadband white noise back up alarm. Click 4 to turn off. See Back Up Alarms Audio Demos description on page 8.

24 Struck or Crushed 18 Struck-Mgt S-2: How Do We Control S/C Hazards? Control six hazard types, require training. Storage of goods: Heavy objects (e.g. steel sheets, tractor wheels) laid flat or stored in properly designed racking. Racking properly designed/manufactured to support goods stored. Safe loading procedures for racking to avoid overloading or instability. Goods stored at height secured against accidental dislodgement restrain cartons on pallets, ensure cartons are not damaged, no loose equipment etc. on pallets. Good lighting, high visibility colors on racking supports to minimize damage by forklifts etc. Struck-Mgt S-3: How Do We Control S/C Hazards? Control six hazard types, require training. Overhead work: Ensure tools/materials are secured to prevent falling on people below. Barricade hazard areas, post warning signs. Require toe boards, screens, or guardrails on scaffolds, or Use debris nets, catch platforms, or canopies to catch or deflect falling objects. Struck-Mgt S-4: How Do We Control S/C Hazards? Control six hazard types, require training. Cranes/hoists: Ensure workers avoid working beneath loads being moved. Barricade hazard areas, post warning signs. Inspect cranes/hoists for good condition of all components wire rope, lifting hooks, chains, etc. Ensure that loads do not exceed lifting capacity of cranes and hoists. Struck-Mgt S-5: How Do We Control S/C Hazards? Control six hazard types, require training. Trees: Restrict worker access during felling, trimming, loading Use safe hoisting, rigging for logs and limbs. Comply with OSHA s standard for logging operations ( ) when using conventional means to fell trees. Struck-Mgt S-6: How Do We Control S/C Hazards? Control six hazard types, require training. Power tools/machines: Require safety glasses, goggles, face shields, etc., where machines or tools may cause flying particles. Inspect tools e.g., saws, lathes to ensure good condition of protective guards. Make sure workers are trained in proper operation of powder actuated tools. See Flying Particle Demo description on page 8. Struck-Mgt S-7: How Do We Control S/C Hazards? Control six hazard types, require training. General training: OSHA's catch all for construction training ( ) requires employers to instruct workers in recognition, avoidance of unsafe conditions and regulations applying to that employee. Specific training: OSHA's construction standard requires training for specific hazards. Except in Subpart H, all Subparts in 29 CFR 1926 contain training requirements. General recommendation: Require all workers to wear hardhats. S 5 Click or strike 1 or click go to go to OSHA logging standard Subpart R. Click Close to return to S 5. (Requires Internet connection.) S 6 Strike or click 1 to use FLYING PARTICLE DEMO. Follow screen instructions. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 6. S 6 Strike or click 2 or click go to go to OSHA tools standard Subpart I. Click Close to return to S 6. (Requires Internet connection.) S 7 Click or strike 1 or click go to go to OSHA Subpart C. Click Close to return to S 7. (Requires Internet connection.) S 7 Click or strike 2 or click go to go to OSHA requirements. Click Close to return to S 7. (Requires Internet connection.) TABS now available at bottom screen right. Select one: GENERAL MANAGEMENT/CONTRACTORS Advance to next module in your Set Module Order.

25 Flagger Safety 19 Flagger Safety Module Structure Flagger Safety (4 screens) Nightwork Flagger Tab (See Night Work modules, page 20) Module Outline Flagger S-1: What Are the Main Hazards of Flagging? Motorists kill about 20 flaggers each year. Flagging can be dangerous: High speed traffic, Angry or aggressive drivers, and After seeing flagger, a motorist going 60 mph needs almost 400 feet to stop. Stopping Distances Demo Use CAR SPEED and ROAD CONDITION list boxes to select speed and road condition. Select english MPH or metric KMPH. Click green START button to start car. Click red BRAKE button to see estimated stopping distance for speed and road condition. Click English lower right to select language. Flagger S-2: How Do We Protect Ourselves? Be visible and wear protective equipment. Wear high visibility clothing: Orange, yellow, or green vest. Retro reflective vest at night. Wear other protective equipment: Long sleeved shirt and pants. Hard hat. Appropriate clothes for expected weather (rain gear, warm coat). Flagger S-3: How Can We Protect Ourselves? Stay alert and out of harm s way. Keep your guard up: Stand alone on the shoulder in clear view, not in open traffic lane. Plan an escape route for emergencies. Stay in communication with other flaggers. Stay alert, keep focused on work. Make sure your hand signals don't conflict with traffic signals. Treat motorists with respect and courtesy, don t pick fights or respond to anger, notify law enforcement when motorists do not obey flaggers. BE TRAINED! Flagger S-4: What Should Flaggers Avoid? Flaggers must avoid dangerous behavior. Flagging Don ts: Don't stand where you can be crushed. Don't stand in the shade over the crest of a hill, or around a sharp curve. Don't leave your position until properly relieved. Don't stand near equipment. This module has 4 main screens. Don't stand in a group. Don't make unneeded conversation. Don't read or daydream on duty. Don't listen to music or use ear phones. Don't turn your back to the traffic. The Flagger Safety segment is the first 4 screens. The optional Nightwork Tab can be accessed in this module and in Night Work modules. S 1 Click Click Here to Look at Stopping to use the STOPPING DISTANCES DEMO. Follow screen instructions. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 1. Before showing various stopping distances, ask trainees to estimate the stopping distance for each set of speed and road condition. Discuss the meaning of these results for the safety of flaggers. S 2 Click or strike 1, 2 or 3 to see definitions of Class 1, 2 and 3 garments. Click to remove. Class 2 is minimum at night. Class 3 is recommended. S 3 Click or strike 1 to go to Flagger Training and Certification Requirements and training resources at WorkZoneSafety.org. Click Close to return to S 3. (Requires Internet connection.) Don't pick fights or respond to anger. Notify law enforcement when motorists do not obey. Remote control flagger stations provide additional protection. See Night Work Flagging and/or Advanced Module Worker Safety. TABS now available at bottom screen right. Select one: FLAGGER SAFETY NIGHTWORK FLAGGING page 20 Or advance to next module in your Set Module Order.

26 Night Work 20 Night Work Module Structure Night Work Intro (1 screen) Basic Awareness (4 screens) Risks (7 screens) Hi Viz (7 screens) Lighting (7 screens) Flagging (4 screens) Module Outline Night Intro S-1: Why Do We Focus on Night Work? It has advantages, but more concerns for workers, motorists. Federal, state, municipal agencies all report increases in night projects. Reduced traffic volume less congestion, improved mobility. Better access to work site. Longer work shifts. Cooler temperatures. Reduced business impact. Concerns: Increases worker and contractor fear of traffic. Poses added health and safety issues. Requires more effort to achieve acceptable health and safety for workers, public. BASIC AWARENESS Night Basic S-1: What Are the Special Challenges of Night Work? Night operations change the work environment. On the worksite: Poor visibility for motorists. Poor visibility for workers. Communication between shifts. Impaired or drowsy drivers. Physical and social disruptions: Sleep disruption Risk of injury drowsiness Impaired family or social relationships. Night Work contains 5 modules. Night Basic S-2: How Can We Protect Ourselves at Night? Use these SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS at the site for night work. First, increase visibility: Retro reflective clothing. Flashing lights on body/clothing. Retro reflective tape on equipment. Adequate work area lighting. Know your surroundings: Vehicle and equipment paths. Assigned work areas. Safe paths to/from work locations. On foot, watch out for equipment. On equipment, watch for workers. TABS now available at bottom screen right. Select one: BASIC AWARENESS RISKS HI VIZ LIGHTING FLAGGING A one page Case Study sheet is in Case Studies in PRINT MATERIALS tab at top right of the Instructor Menu. S 2 Click or strike 1 to use Flourescent vs. Retro Reflective Demo. Follow screen instructions to select car speed and pavement and to use mouse to move car toward the 2 workers. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 2.

27 Night Work 21 Night Basic S-3: How Can We Protect Ourselves at Night? Use these SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS at the site for night work. Provide clear signage: Position signs for best visibility. Use changing message/arrow signs. Space drums, cones closer. Proper lighting, contrast work lights from warning lights. Inspect traffic control setup: Test drive to highlight problems. Inspect frequently. Night Basic S-4: How Can Our Health Habits Help? Night work is not normal. You must compensate. On the worksite: Eat protein rich meals and avoid sugars and fats. Drink water. Avoid caffeine. At home: Make sleep a priority. Follow a pre sleep routine. Have light snack before bed. Keep daylight out. Eat family meals together. Plan non nighttime social activities. NIGHT WORK RISKS Night Risks S-1: Why Is Night Work Hazardous? Night work poses special concerns. Hazards: Reduced visibility for motorists, increased difficulty driving safely through WZ. Bright work lights produce glare. Alcohol, drug impaired, drowsy drivers. Drivers, pedestrians, workers generally less alert and more tired. Lower traffic volumes may result in higher speeds. Increased truck traffic. Daytime hazards are compounded by darkness. Workers less visible to drivers and truck and equipment operators. Decreased visibility can cause more trips, falls, runovers, backovers. Night Risks S-2: What About Nighttime TTC? MUTCD provides only minimum guidelines. Nighttime Temporary Traffic Control: Must enhance Daytime WZ safety principles at night. MUTCD does not provide many details for night work safety. Standards, guidelines, typical applications in MUTCD, Part 6 are starting point for night WZ. Enhanced traffic controls are needed to mitigate night work concerns. S 2 After Bullet 4, click or strike red numbers at left to review image for each bullet.

28 Night Work 22 Night Risks S-3: What Are Key Safety Enhancements? Safety enhancements improve human performance. Safety enhancements: Retroreflective high visibility safety apparel meeting ANSI/ISEA Class 3 to improve worker visibility. WZ signs, channelizing devices, other hardware set up to account for longer reaction times in low light. Temporary work zone lighting to ensure good visibility for drivers, workers Temporary lighting set to avoid glare and shadows for motorists, equipment drivers, and workers. Night Risks S-4: What Are More Safety Enhancements? Safety enhancements improve human performance. More enhancements: Increased visibility of work vehicles, equipment, worksite hazards, materials. ITCP (internal traffic control plan) for construction vehicles and workers on foot. Work schedules set up to allow workers to get enough sleep. Police enforcement. Night Risks S-5: What About Worker Protections? Protections increase safety on work sites. Recommendations: High visibility Class 3 ANSI/ISEA 107 apparel. Retroreflective strips on hard hats. Worksite safety training. Be familiar with TTCP and ITCP. Be aware of nightly changes and changes within a shift. Know where traffic, work vehicles/equipment are allowed what lanes are open. Be familiar with procedures for entering, crossing open travel lanes, e.g., look both ways, etc. Night Risks S-6: How Do We Work Safety at Night? Follow these steps. Safety steps: Know location of and safe route to restroom, other project facilities. Employers must create safe routes if not present, notify your supervisor. Know where to park and how to safely reach your work station. Be familiar with general safety rules for your project. Be aware of project specific hazards electrical, fall hazards, hazardous materials, excavation, etc. Know which supervisors are responsible for safety and who to contact with questions or to report problems.

29 Night Work 23 Night Risks S-7: How Do We Minimize Sleep Loss? Here are recommended measures. Measures: Maintain strict sleep schedule, make sleep a priority. During night work: eat small protein rich meals, avoid fats, sugars. Drink water at night even though you are not in the sun. Minimize caffeine at night to help you sleep during day. Keep daylight out of sleeping room with heavy curtains, foil, blinds. On family calendar: record your night work schedule, sleep schedule, days off to help communicate with family, friends. NIGHT WORK HI-VIZ Night Hi-Viz S-1: What Are High-Visibility Garments? Make workers highly visible under range of day/night conditions. Hi Viz characteristics: Fluorescent background colors orange, yellow, green. Retroreflective material in orange, yellow, white, silver, green. Visible at 1,000 feet or more. Required for ALL workers. Retroreflective Material Demo Select Light On/Off at lower left. Select Retroreflective Yes/No at lower right. On No Retroreflective, notice that returned light rays bounce in wide cone and most miss the eye. On Yes Retroreflective, notice that returned light rays bounce in concentrated cone and most strike the eye. See discussion in right column of this page. Ask trainees which they d rather wear at night. Garment Visibility Demo Select motorist speed in LIST BOX at left. Select garment type in radio button box below speed. Either click Start button or control manually by placing mouse over car at screen bottom. As car moves toward red flagger figure (bottom right) the numbers indicate distance from the flagger. Look over driver s shoulder and above steering wheel as a worker becomes visible. Retroreflective becomes visible at about 1200 feet. Fluorescent at 500 feet. Street clothes at 400 feet. Ask trainees which of the 3 garments they d rather wear at night and why. S 1 Strike or click 1, 2, or 3 to see garments in different colors. Mouseover figure to see backview. Ask trainees why color selection? Answer: To provide contrast with different backgrounds/equipment. S 1 Strike or click 4 to use RETROREFLECTIVE MATERIAL DEMO. Follow screen instructions.click BACK or strike B to return to S 1. S 1 Strike or click 5 to use GARMENT VISIBILITY DEMO. Follow screen instructions.click BACK or strike B to return to S 1. What is retroreflective? Next time you re driving at night, think about how the road signs magically light up so you can read them as you pass. These signs are retroreflective.the sign surface has either glass spheres or triangular prisms (pyramids) that take the headlight beam and bend it back to the car driver and passengers. The retroreflected light returns to the driver as a cone of light. Anyone outside the cone will not see the sign.

30 Night Work 24 Night Hi-Viz S-2: What Is Required for Worker Visibility? ANSI, MUTCD, FHWA set requirements. ANSI Requirements: ANSI/ISEA , American National Standard for High Visibility Safety Apparel. Specify minimum amounts of retroreflective background material, color, placement. MUTCD requires ANSI/ISEA Apparel. Garment selection is based on these documents. Night Hi-Viz S-3: Which Garments Should We Wear? Wear garments recommended for night work. Requirements: ANSI provides 3 classes of high visibility apparel. For most road work ANSI/ISEA 107 Class 2 is a minimum. For night work ANSI/ISEA 107 Class 3 is highly recommended. Class 2 and 3 are required. Class 1 is not allowed. Localities may have additional requirements. S 2 Strike or click 1,to see full screen visibility chart. Click chart to hide. S 3 Click or strike 1 to go to diversion screen Garment Classes. Click red numbers to show definitions of the classes. Click definition to hide. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 3. Night Hi-Viz S-4: What Are Class 3 Garments? Most visible, best for night work. Class 3 garments: Full range of body motions seen from 1280 feet. Most important when: Near high speed traffic Sight distance is reduced (e.g., night) Work takes attention off traffic Highly recommended for night work. Examples: Flagging crews Highway road construction workers Utility workers Range of Motion Demo After moving through Screen 4, you can control the demo by clicking show or striking 2 and selecting Day or Night. The demo shows how visually small (distant) a figure can be and yet still be recognized as human. Ask trainees the advantages of being recognized at a distance as a human shape. S 4 HI VIZ RANGE OF MOTION DEMO. Demo starts automatically with 3rd line and continues through successive lines. See Demo instructions at left. S 4 Click or strike 1 to go to diversion screen Garment Classes. Click red numbers to show definitions of the classes. Click definition to hide. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 4. Night Hi-Viz S-5: How Do We Inspect Hi-Viz Garments? Inspect before each use. What to look for: Clean. Proper retroreflectivity. No fraying or missing stripes. Fit, too large it will not be as visible Proper fit allows motorists to recognize human shape. See Replace Hi-Viz Apparel Demo description on page 5. ARTBA brochure High Visibility Clothing is available in the Hi Viz Apparel Demo (page 5) and in the PRINT MATERIALS tab in the Instructor Menu. S 5 Click or strike 1 to show WHEN TO REPLACE HI VIZ APPAREL DEMO. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 5.

31 Night Work 25 Night Hi-Viz S-6: What Is Required for Vehicle Visibility? ANSI sets the requirements. Work vehicles: Flashing rotating beacons, strobe lights. Retro reflective tape to define size and shape. Use 2 inch band of red white tape. Keep lights and tape clean. Make sure lights work properly. Night Hi-Viz S-7: What About Other Work Zone Items? Equipment, materials, hazards all must be made visible. During work hours: Use barriers, crash cushions, channelizing devices. Non work hours Store away from WZ and clear zone or Protect with barriers, crash cushions, channelizing devices. S 7 After Bullet 3, click or strike red numbers at left to review image for each bullet. NIGHT WORK TEMPORARY LIGHTING Night Lighting S-1: What Is the Goal of Temporary Lighting? Temporary lighting should achieve basic goals. Goals: Proper work space illumination. Control glare to avoid blinding motorists, workers. Minimize shadows. Increase safety. Increase productivity. Improve work quality. S 1 Click or strike red numbers at left to return to images for each bullet. Use this feature to discuss the comparisons of proper and improper temporary lighting. Night Lighting S-2: What Is the Goal of Temporary Lighting? Follow minimum recommendations. Recommendations: Project lighting plan details adequate illumination, control of glare and shadows. Competent person oversees installation, adjustment of lights. Stay in lighted areas avoid dark areas. When setting up light towers, avoid overhead power lines. Report lighting problems to supervisor: Excessive shadows Glare problems Unlighted work areas Missing, malfunctioning lights S 2 Click Table A to increase size. Click blow up to hide. Night Lighting S-3: What Should Be Illuminated? Lighting should accomplish basic goals. Goals: Illuminate so workers can see work tasks. Illuminate equipment for motorists, workers. Mounted lights should not shadow work space. Back hoes, buckets, other rotating equipment radii should be illuminated. Illuminate a safety circle around equipment.

32 Night Work 26 Night Lighting S-4: Why Should We Control Glare? Glare is a hazard for motorists, workers. Glare: Results from light scatter within eye. Reduces contrast. Decreases visibility. Can cause accidents. Night Lighting S-5: How Do We Control Glare? Here are some basic guidelines. Guidelines: Mount light sources as high as practical. Direct light downward toward pavement. Aim light sources parallel or perpendicular to traffic. Competent person checks lights after every setup, adjusts to ensure no glare from any likely viewing position, test drives WZ. S 5 Click or strike red numbers at left to demonstrate direction and aim of lights. Night Lighting S-6: What About Work Vehicle Lights? Follow requirements for vehicles, equipment. Work vehicles, equipment: Must have conventional headlights. Should have warning lights strobes, rotating or flashing. Best practices: Headlights not sole illumination temporary work lights must used. Check all lights at start of each shift. Replace non working lights before use of vehicle, equipment. Night Lighting S-7: What Other Lights Can Be Used? Equipment mounted and balloon lights are supplements. Balloon lights: Have a diffusion material around an internal globe to scatter the light and make it softly illuminate without shadows. Features: Good supplement to fixed lights. Reduce shadows, glare for operators. Better mobility for equipment. Require secure mounting. Aim to minimize glare. Provide forward, rear illumination. Beware of overhead line clearance. S 7 Click 1 or Table A to increase size. Click blow up to hide...

33 Night Work 27 NIGHT WORK FLAGGING Night Flagging S-1: What Are Night Flagging Concerns? Night flagging is different from day flagging. Concerns: Risks increase at night. Reduced visibility, impaired drivers. Use flaggers at night only if necessary. Provide temporary lighting for all flaggers. Temporary signals or police officers are preferred when a flagger is not required. Night Flagging S-2: What Are Night Flagging Applications? Here are basic applications and alternatives. Night flagging: Alternating one way flow. Temporary traffic signals, AFADs. Vehicle/equipment access points. Lane closure. Intersection control. Temporary traffic signals, uniformed police. Temporary traffic stoppage. Rolling road block, uniformed police and patrol cars. Flaggers as spotters. ITCPs, no backing zones, backing and rear view devices. Flaggers for speed control. Police, radar activated CMS, automated speed enforcement. Night Flagging S-3: What Are Proper Flagging Operations? Follow the MUTCD guidelines. Proper operations: Good equipment, illumination. Well trained flaggers. Avoid stopping moving traffic. Advance signing. Good sight distance. Safe flagger position with escape path. Flaggers in Class 3 gear at night. S 2 Click or strike red numbers at left to return to images for each bullet. S 3 On Bullet 4 use ZOOM +/ to change sight distance of flagger start with the minus. S 3 Use Show TA 10 button to show the Typical Application for this flagging set up from the FHWA MUTCD. S 3 Click or strike red numbers at left to return to images for each bullet. Night Flagging S-4: What Illumination Is Needed? Flaggers must be totally visible at night. Best practices: Provide temporary illumination for all stations. Supplement permanent road lighting. Avoid glare shadows backlighting Use floodlight towers, other overhead light sources. Temporary illumination required for flagger use. STOP S 4 Click or strike red numbers at left to return to images for each bullet.

34 Excavation 28 Excavation Excavation S-1: Why Are Trenches Dangerous? A trench is an excavation deeper than it is wide. Trenches can kill: Workers can be buried alive. Cave ins can result from stresses in the walls, from nearby moving vehicles and equipment, or from spoil piles. Water can collect in the bottom. Flammable/toxic work products can build up. Gas from nearby sewer or gas lines can seep into the trench. Before digging: Locate electrical, gas, water, sewer and communications utilities. Use extreme caution with equipment. Trench Collapse Demo The demo offers four options: Soil Weight Impact Time Reaction Time Impact Force Click each option and follow instructions or make selections based on display. If time permits, allow a volunteer to test his/her reaction time in the Reaction Time segment. This module has 3 main screens. Excavation S-2: How Do We Prevent Cave-Ins? Trenches 5 feet or deeper require support unless in stable rock: Sloping soil angled to increase stability. Benching steps in trench wall. Shoring support system made of posts, wales, struts, and sheeting or aluminum hydraulic shoring. Shielding protective frame or box, to protect workers after a cave in. Keep spoil piles away from trench edges. A one page Case Study sheet is in Case Studies in PRINT MATERIALS tab at top right of the Instructor Menu. Trenches more than 4 feet deep may be confined spaces. An excavation with formwork 15 feet or less from a sidewall is also a trench. S 1 Strike or click 1 to use TRENCH COLLAPSE DEMO. Follow screen instructions. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 1. Here are some common misconceptions about soil. Many workers believe: (1) soil is not that heavy (up to 3000 lbs.) (2) They have plenty of time to get out of its way. (3) They can react faster than the soil can fall. (4) The impact force of the soil isn't enough to knock them off their feet. Use the demo to dispel misconceptions. S 2 Strike or click 1 to use TRENCH COLLAPSE DEMO. Follow screen instructions. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 1. S 2 Strike or click 2 at lower right to show ANSI definition of stable rock. Click definition or strike 3 to hide. Excavation S-3: What Else Does Trenching Require? Employer should designate competent person. Competent person must inspect: At least daily and at the beginning of each shift. After precipitation, a thaw, and other events that could increase hazards. For disturbed ground, water, toxins, and other hazards. For sagging or cracked walls or bottom bulges. If walls sag or crack or the bottom bulges. To keep spoil/equipment at least 2 feet from trench edge. If there are nearby vibration sources such as railroads or pile driving. That no worker is more than 25 feet from an exit ladder. The 'competent person' should stop the work if a hazard exists.

35 Electrical Hazards 29 Electrical Hazards Module Structure General (7 screens) Power Tools/Equipment Tab (2 screens) Operators/Drivers Tab (1 screen) Contractors Responsibilities Tab (3 screens) This module is structured to enable the instructor to present segments relevant for the specific audience. Module Outline General S-1: What Are the Dangers of Electricity? Contact can cause explosion, fire, electrocution. On the worksite: Equipment contacting live overhead or underground electrical line can cause fire, explosion, or electrocution. Electricity can arc from line to equipment under some circumstances. Electricity can cause severe external and internal burns. Work around electricity only: When trained. When authorized. About 5 road workers die from electrocution each year. Many more are injured. Crane Electrical Fire Demo The demo is an amateur video of a real incident in which a crane contacted an overhead power line. Click the Demo button to play video clip. Discuss minimum safe distances. Click STOP button to stop video. A one page Case Study sheet is in Case Studies in PRINT MATERIALS tab at top right of the Instructor Menu. S 1 Strike or click 1 to use CRANE ELECTRICAL FIRE DEMO. Click Demo button to play video. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 1. S 1 Strike or click 2 to use ELECTRICAL ARC DEMO. Click Demo button to play video. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 1. S 1 Strike or click 3 to use ELECTRICAL INJURIES DEMO. Follow instruction to view photos and show injury descriptions. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 1. Electrical Arc Demo The demo is a security video of a real incident in which an electrical arc contacted 3 workers. Click the Demo button to play video clip. Discuss how an electrical arc can occur in a fraction of a second and talk about the resulting injuries. Click STOP button to stop video. Electrical Injuries Demo The demo shows graphic photos of workers injured by electrical contact. Review the warning and then decide whether you want to proceed. Click a photo to show details of the injury. You know your audience and so you are the one who is qualified to decide whether to show this demo.

36 Electrical Hazards 30 General S-2: What Are Current, Volts, Ohms, Amps? Key terms for understanding electricity. Terms: Current flow of electrons through a conductor (e.g., wire). Voltage force/pressure that causes electricity to flow (like water behind dam). Ohm resistance that impedes the flow of electricity through a conductor (like pipe size restricts water flow). Amp measurement of current from voltage sources through conductor (like water moving through hose). General S-3: How Much Electricity Will Hurt Us? If body becomes part of circuit, it can be fatal. Amount of current: Damage depends on amount of current (amps), pathway in body, duration of event. Work around electricity only when: You are trained in all aspects of jobs. You are authorized to be there. S 3 Strike or click 1 to use ELECTRICAL INJURIES DEMO. Follow instruction to view photos and show injury descriptions. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 1. S 3 Click table to enlarge. Click blow up or strike 3 to hide. See Electrical Injuries Demo description on page 29. General S-4: How Do We Treat Above-Ground Utilities? Use extreme caution, keep your distance. For work around power line: Assume it is live until tested, check with utility operator to ensure it is de energized and visibly grounded. If it must remain energized, for cranes and loads use OSHA requirements. For other equipment or activities follow Table A as a minimum. Use spotter to warm operator. Post signs at ground level to mark safe distance. Talk to foreman/supervisor about electrical safety if you work near overhead lines. S 4 Click 1 or strike 1 key to show the 5 diversion screens on OSHA Click BACK or strike B key to return. From first diversion screen, click or strike red numbers 1 4 to show additional diversion screens. Click BACK or strike B key return after each diversion.

37 Electrical Hazards 31 General S-5: What If Contact Happens? Do not touch equipment or person in contact. If you are on ground: Stay away from vehicle! Do not touch any equipment or person in contact with line. Tell foreman immediately to have lines de energized. If you are in vehicle: Stay in vehicle and do not touch any metal. Try to drive out of contact, or have line de energized. If you must get out, jump clear, land with feet together, do not touch vehicle, shuffle slowly away. General S-6: Can We Be Safe Around Buried Cables? Contact can cause explosion, fire, electrocution. Before digging: Look for ground markings (paint) of electrical, gas, communications utilities. Review marked out areas. They may not be exact. Dig by hand within 2 feet of mark out. When digging look for Signs of previous digging. Changes in soil types. Concrete, plastic, gravel. Asphalt patches, depressions from previous digging. Warning tape or planks. In demolition: utilities inside walls, floors. General S-7: What If a Buried Line Is Hit? Take immediate action. Action: Report it immediately to your supervisor. If it is a gas line, evacuate and secure area, call fire department. POWER TOOLS/EQUIPMENT Tools S-1: What About Power Tools, Equipment? Follow recommended safe practices. Safe practices: De energize, lockout/tagout power sources before repairing or servicing equipment, tools, machinery. Use GFCIs (ground fault circuit interrupters) on all power tools, equipment. Use double insulated power tools. Tools S-2: What About Power Tools, Equipment? Follow recommended safe practices. Safe practices: Inspect tools, cords to ensure good condition before each use Check for missing ground prongs. Look for gaps in insulation between cord and plug. Inspect cords for worn, nicked torn insulation. Check switches, guards, other protective features on hand tools. Use non metallic ladders around electricity. Use proper PPE including insulated gloves, footwear. S 6 Click 811 or click go to visit Call 811 website. Click Close to return to S 5. S 6 Click chart or strike 1 to enlarge. Click or strike 2 to hide. S 6 Strike or click 3 to use UTILITY COLOR MATCH QUIZ: Click Start New Quiz button. Click a Utility from left list and then click a color to match it. If correct, applause sounds and This is a Match! appears. If incorrect, a Homer Simpson do h! is heard and No Match, try again appears. Click BACK or strike B to return. TABS now available at bottom screen right. Select one: GENERAL POWER TOOLS/EQUIPMENT OPERATORS/DRIVERS MANAGEMENT/CONTRACTORS TABS now available at bottom screen right. Select one: GENERAL POWER TOOLS/EQUIPMENT OPERATORS/DRIVERS MANAGEMENT/CONTRACTORS

38 Electrical Hazards 32 OPERATORS/DRIVERS Operators S-1: What About Power Tools, Equipment? Follow recommended safe practices. Safe practices: Train operators to regularly check for clearance before operating machine. Flag electric lines. Use ground level markers to remind operators of utilities. Maintain safe distance, as required by local, state, or federal codes or standards. De energize or elevate electric lines whenever possible. TABS now available at bottom screen right. Select one: GENERAL POWER TOOLS/EQUIPMENT OPERATORS/DRIVERS MANAGEMENT/CONTRACTORS MANAGEMENT/CONTRACTORS Mgmt S-1: How Can Employers Control These Hazards? Adapt measures to eliminate, minimize hazard. Worksite analysis: Most work near energized power ON sources requires a qualified person. De energize power sources when possible. When power sources cannot be de energized, lockout/tagout power sources. Ensure workers on foot are safe distance from equipment that may contact lines. Provide signs, warnings to inform workers of hazards. Mgmt S-2: How Can Employers Control These Hazards? Adapt measures to eliminate, minimize hazard. Worksite analysis: Call one call or before you dig services to ensure all utilities are marked. Check adaptation of equipment, installations to conditions of use (damp premises, explosive atmospheres, etc.). Provide proper PPE when needed. Provide and ensure use of (GFCIs) ground fault circuit interrupters on all power tools, equipment. If GFCIs are not used, employers must have an Assured Equipment Grounding Conductor Program. Check that measures are adopted. Mgmt S-3: How Can Employers Control These Hazards? Use these additional measures. Measures: Hazard prevention and control Take into account applicable specific regulations, local electrical codes. Safety and health training Workers must have adequate information, training in use of electric equipment, installations. Workers must be advised of overhead and buried utilities in proximity to their work areas. Workers must be advised of overhead and buried utilities in proximity to their work areas. S 2 Click 811 or click go to go to Call 811 website. Click Close to return to S 2. (Requires Internet connection.) S 2 Click chart or strike 1 to enlarge. Click blow up or strike 2 to hide. TABS now available at bottom screen right. GENERAL POWER TOOLS/EQUIPMENT OPERATORS/DRIVERS MANAGEMENT/CONTRACTORS

39 Sprains & Strains 33 Sprains & Strains Sprains S-1: What Injuries Are Most Common? Injuries can happen once or can accumulate. Common sprain/strain injuries in road work: Hand and wrist problems. Back injuries. Sprains, strains, and overexertion. 43% of lost work day injuries in roadway construction are sprains/strains. Sprains S-2: What Causes These Injuries? Think of the most difficult parts of your job. These injuries may be caused by: Working in awkward postures, such as raking asphalt. Handling heavy materials like in concrete formwork. Repetitive work, like rebar tying. Using vibrating tools like a pavement breaker. Whole body vibration for operators. Sprains S-3: How Can We Avoid Sprains and Strains? Think of ways to do the job differently. Work can be made easier: Minimize manual materials handling with dollies, hoists, other equipment. Better job planning deliver materials where they're used. Store materials for easy access. Use tools that are comfortable, easy to handle. PPE and breaks can help: Wear PPE like kneepads and shoulder pads. Take breaks when possible, rotate difficult and easier tasks. Sprains S-4: What Can You Do to Prevent Injuries? Do at least some of these measures. To prevent injuries: Plan and maintain a clear, level walking path. Don't lift too much by yourself, get help. Use proper lifting technique, lift with your legs not your back when possible. Do stretching exercises before work. Keep fit. Lifting Demo Follow screen instructions. Mouseover text to reveal color boxes, select one. Select load location at left. Use slider to select weight. Select grip point and destination. Click Lift button to see NIOSH Lifting Index result. This module has 4 main screens. More than one third of lost work day injuries in roadway construction are sprains and strains. Out of 7,933 highway workers with lost workday injuries in 2000, 3,378 had sprains or strains. Another 85 had carpal tunnel syndrome or tendinitis. Back injuries are the most common sprains and strains in construction. Tell trainees to report sprains or strains just as they would report any other injury. Ask: What ways could your risk of injury be reduced? How could we work smarter, not harder? How could the work be made easier to prevent sprains and strains? For operators, whole body vibration can be minimized by maintaining seat cushions and suspension. While proper lifting is important, it is not a substitute for proper engineering, administrative procedures, and work practice controls. S 4 Strike or click 1 to use LIFTING DEMO. Follow screen instructions. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 4. Proper form when lifting is important! Think about lifting. Use the demo to talk about how changing each factor affects the lift. To read about the NIOSH Lifting calculations, go to: /

40 Fall Hazards 34 Fall Hazards Fall S-1: Do Road Workers Fall on the Job? Falls are the second most common accident. Road industry data: Falls lead to 20% of all insurance claims. 4 to 5 road workers die from falls each year. Many more are injured, even disabled. 43% of lost work day injuries in roadway construction are sprains/strains. Fall S-2: What Causes These Injuries? Equipment, elevations, walking/working surfaces. From equipment: Not facing ladders/equipment when going up/down. Not using hand grabs/handrails when going up/down. Platform not provided or not properly guarded. From elevations: Off bridges. Off formwork. Into excavations. Falls From Equipment Demo Follow screen instructions. A. Select height. B. Select worker s weight. C. Select stopping distance. Click Let Em Go button to show Fall Distance, Fall Time, and Impact Force. Click Reset button to start over. Falls From Elevations Demo This demo works like the demo above except that the selections of heights are higher. Follow screen instructions. This module has 6 main screens. A one page Case Study sheet is in Case Studies in PRINT MATERIALS tab at top right of the Instructor Menu. Ask: What percentage of injuries in highway work are due to falls? (Almost 17% of all lost workday injuries in highway construction are due to falls. About half of these falls were to lower levels and about half were falls on the same level.) OSHA requires fall protection at 6 feet and above. OSHA also requires fall protection below 6 feet if workers can fall into or onto dangerous equipment. S 2 Strike or click 1 to use FALLS FROM EQUIPMENT DEMO. Follow screen instructions. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 2. After selecting height, weight, and stopping distance, ask trainees to guess what the fall impact force will be. Most trainees will underestimate the force. After showing the impact force, ask trainees to compare the force with a physical object of the same weight and ask if they think the impact force would be harmful. S 2 Strike or click 2 to use FALLS FROM ELEVATIONS DEMO. Follow screen instructions. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 2. As the demo shows, tremendous fall impact forces are generated in fall from elevations.

41 Fall Hazards 35 Fall S-3: Where Do Falls Happen? Equipment, elevations, walking/working surfaces. Walking/working surfaces: Tripping over materials, debris (housekeeping). Falling on hills, embankments. Stepping in holes, walking on irregular ground. Stumbling while carrying loads that block vision. Slips or trips in muddy, wet, icy conditions. Improper footwear. Fall S-4: How Do We Stop Falls from Equipment? Follow 7 basic best practices. Best practices: Use handrails. Always use 3 point contact. Face equipment when going up/down. Make sure steps, ladders are clean and defect free. Do not ride on equipment except in provided seats. Do not mount or climb moving equipment. Keep vehicle walking/working surfaces free of debris. Fall S-5: How Do We Stop Falls from Elevations? Follow 7 basic best practices. Best practices: Plan for 100% fall protection. Erect guardrails around large excavations. When walking over excavations, construct and use walkways with guardrails. Without guardrails, use PFAS, fall restraint, nets, hole covers. Plan anchor points for PFAS, fall restraint or nets. Use modular erection to avoid work at heights on forms. Seatbelts or restraints for riding in cars, trucks, personnel carriers. Fall S-6: How Do We Prevent Falls on Same Level? Follow 7 basic best practices. Best practices: If possible, avoid walking on muddy, wet, icy surfaces. Use footwear with ankle support and soles that grip. Don t carry heavy loads, use hauling equipment. Fill in, cover and mark, or barricade holes in ground. Practice good housekeeping. Include walking routes in site safety plan. Maintain good physical strength and conditioning. See Runovers/Backovers module for detail on an Internal Traffic Control Plan (ITCP). See Sprains and Strains module for pre shift warm up exercises.

42 Noise Hazards 36 Noise Hazards Noise S-1: Is Too Much Noise a Serious Problem? You can lose your hearing. You can lose your life. On the job: Noise can distract you, you may not hear warnings. Noise damages the nerves in the inner ear, they cannot be repaired. After 15 to 20 years in the trade: You may suffer permanent hearing loss. You may suffer constant ringing (tinnitus). If you suffer hearing loss: You cannot hear well, especially when there is background noise. It can affect your family and personal life. 3 Hearing Demos Click or strike 1 to play audio clip of how it sounds to lose your hearing. Click or strike 2 to play audio clip of a tinnitus simulation. Click or strike 4 to play audio clip of speech in a noisy environment. Noise S-2: What Noise Sources Are Most Common? There are many noise sources in road work. Some of the most common sources are: Heavy equipment. Pile driving. Pavement breakers. Compressors. Traffic. Noise S-3: Could Road Work Be Less Noisy? Yes. There are efforts to make it quieter. Noise levels can be reduced by: Buying/renting quieter equipment. Keeping equipment well maintained. Move noisy equipment away. Sound barriers around equipment. This module has 4 main screens. 3 HEARING DEMOS: S 1 Strike or click 1 to use HEARING LOSS DEMO. Strike or click 2 to hear TINNITUS DEMO. Strike or click 4 to hear NOISY ENVIRONMENT DEMO. Hearing loss eliminates specific frequencies of sound and human speech falls within the eliminated frequencies. Hearing loss is not merely a matter of the sound volume becoming lower. Explain that going deaf from noise exposure usually does not mean silence it usually means hearing tinnitus 24/7. Explain that it is more difficult to hear warnings or important instructions in noise. Talk about why this is a concern. Our ears have a finite lifetime capacity for noise exposure. Even lower levels of noise use up this capacity. Exposure to higher levels of noise for continuous periods uses up lifetime capacity too soon. After years of too much noise, nerve cells in the inner ear die. You slowly loose ability to understand speech. Suddenly you realize your hearing is impaired. Noise S-4: How Do We Protect Our Hearing Now? Wear hearing protection. If you must shout to talk with someone 3 feet away, you need protection from noise: Use hearing protection provided by your employer. Notify employer if proper PPE is not available. Make sure PPE fits and is comfortable. Follow instructions for proper hearing protection use. Get a hearing test about once a year so you ll know your hearing protection is working. S 4 Strike or click 1 to use HEARING LOSS DEMO.

43 Health Hazards 37 Health Hazards This module has 6 main screens. Health S-1: How Do Health Hazards Harm Us? Toxic substances can enter the body by 3 routes: Breathe. Swallow. Absorb. The effects of toxic substances may be: Short term or acute: effects such as eye irritation or dizziness. Delayed or chronic: effects such as cancer or chronic lung disease. Health S-S: How Harmful Is Silica? Silica is common but can be very harmful. Silica dust: Found in many construction dusts such as concrete, rock. High exposure tasks include sand blasting, rock drilling, and concrete cutting, sawing, drilling, grinding or breaking. Long term exposure leads to lung disease (silicosis). Long term exposure increases risk of cancer. Prevent silica exposure by: Reduce airborne dust through ventilation and wetting. Using NIOSH approved toxic dust respirators. For workers required to wear respirators, employers must have a Respiratory Protection Program. Workers must be trained and medically fit. Silica Dust Demo Click or strike 1 to show video clip with split screen comparison of concrete cutting with and without wet method dust suppression. Click or strike 2 to hide the video demo. Health S-A: How Harmful Is Asphalt? Asphalt fumes and skin contact can be harmful. Asphalt: Fumes may cause eye, respiratory irritation. Hot asphalt can severely burn skin. To prevent exposure: Work upwind whenever possible. Maintain a lower temperature to minimize fumes. Use ventilation on paving machines. Wear gloves, long sleeves to prevent skin contact. Silicosis is permanent lung damage caused by breathing dust containing extremely fine particles of crystalline silica. Crystalline silica is found in materials such as concrete, masonry, and rock. When these materials are made into a fine dust and suspended in the air, breathing in these fine particles can produce lung damage. Silicosis can be totally disabling and may lead to death. Go to OSHA.gov to review the OSHA respirator standard 29 CFR S S Strike or click 1 to show SILICA DUST DEMO. Click or strike 2 to return to S S. Ask trainees which condition they would prefer. Point out that the worker wears a toxic dust mask in both situations. Discuss bystander exposures. Get trainees to talk about how wet methods can be implemented on the jobsite. Suggested Treatment for Asphalt Burn: Completely submerge affected area in clean water. DO NOT apply ice directly to the affected area. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO REMOVE ASPHALT CEMENT with products containing solvents or ammonia. Natural separation will occur in about hours. If necessary for early removal, soak bandage in mineral oil and place over affected area for 2 to 3 hours.

44 Health Hazards 38 Health S-C: How Harmful Is Wet Concrete? It can cause dermatitis and skin burns. Dermatitis can be: Irritation from caustic chemicals in concrete. Allergic reaction. Prevent dermatitis and burns: Wear long sleeved gloves. Keep concrete out of your boots. Change gloves/boots when contaminated inside. Washing hands in clean water with ph neutral soap. Protect cuts with bandages. Wear eye protection. See World of Concrete Bookstore: The Handbook of Skin Protection for Concrete & Masonry Work Suggested experiment: Try using a neutralizing or buffering product to neutralize the caustic ph of the wet concrete ( To keep concrete out of gloves and boots, tape them to sleeves/pants. First tuck sleeves into gloves and tuck pants into boots. Health S-L: How Harmful Is Lead? Lead damages nervous and reproductive systems. Lead: Toxic metal found in paints on bridge renovation. Dust and fume can be inhaled or ingested during sandblasting, welding, cutting. Dust can be carried home and poison your family. To prevent lead poisoning: No lead work without training/certification. Remove paint before cutting or welding (no power grinding or brushing). Use long handled torches for cutting. Use local exhaust ventilation. Wear the proper respirator (must be trained and medically fit). Wash face and hands before eating, smoking, or drinking. Shower and change clothes before leaving work. Get your blood level tested periodically to assure you are not overexposed. Health S-O: Are There Other Health Hazards? Most can be avoided with basic protections. Other hazards include: Common substances, such as solvents and CO. Special products such as sealants, paints. Avoiding health hazards means: Review the product Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS). Limit exposure as much as possible. Stay upwind of hazardous exposures. Make sure that hazard controls such as fans are working. Wear protective equipment such as respirators, skin coverings. Promptly reporting any health complaints to your supervisor. Lead is very toxic if you breathe or swallow it. The first signs of poisoning are: weakness, joint pain, weight loss, loss of sleep, low blood pressure, memory loss, and stomach upset. Continued exposure can result in: kidney damage, anemia, high blood pressure, damage to the reproductive system (impotence, sterility), damage to the fetus (if pregnant), and reduced sex drive. Severe lead exposures can cause damage to the central nervous system and even death. Ask: What is CO? (Answer: carbon monoxide.) OSHA PEL: 50 parts per million. Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas given off by internal combustion engines. In confined spaces it can build up and kill construction workers by asphyxiation.

45 Working Outdoors 39 Working Outdoors This module has 8 main screens. Outdoors S-1: What Is Our Risk from Sun Exposure? Skin cancer is the most serious risk. You are at greater risk if you: Have lighter skin with freckles or moles. Work at higher elevations. Work around reflective material, like water or concrete. You can protect from cancer and sunburn: Long sleeved shirts, pants in neutral colors. Broad brimmed hat, neck flap. Safety glasses with tinted polarizing lenses. SPF sun block 30 minutes before work, then every 2 to 3 hours. Check skin for early signs, see a dermatologist for check ups. Outdoors S-2: How Can We Check for Skin Cancer? Look for warning signs. See a doctor. What to look for: ASYMMETRY: Most early melanomas are asymmetrical. A line through the middle would not create equal halves. BORDER: Borders of early melanomas are often uneven and may have scalloped or notched edges. COLOR: Varied shades of brown, tan, or black are often the first sign of melanoma. Red, white, and blue may appear later. DIAMETER: Early melanomas tend to grow larger than common moles at least the size of a pencil eraser. A one page Case Study sheet is in Case Studies in PRINT MATERIALS tab at top right of the Instructor Menu. Sunburn symptoms may not appear for a few hours, and the full effect may not be obvious for 24 hours: Skin is red, tender, and warm. Skin may be blistered, swollen. Severe reactions known as sun poisoning may include fever, chills, nausea, or rash. Sunburned skin may peel several days after the burn. RECOMMENDATIONS: Do NOT apply petroleum jelly, ointment, or butter. Do NOT wash with harsh soap. Do NOT use creams/sprays containing benzocaine. Benzocaine may cause allergic reaction. Outdoors S-H: What Are the Hazards of Hot Weather? It can lead to heat stress, exhaustion, or stroke. Heat illnesses can be caused by a combination of: Heat exposure. High humidity. Non breathing synthetic clothing. Not drinking enough fluids to replace sweat. Hard work, body heat, and not being "acclimatized." Heat stress: Can lead to heat rash, cramps, exhaustion, stroke. May be more likely if you are overweight, not fit. Alcohol increases risk. Heat/Cold Stress Demo Use sliders and radio buttons to select temperature, humidity, wind speed and worker weight, acclimatization, clothing, and work load. In response, the figure moves along the top from the cold CAUTION through the green zone to the heat CAUTION zones. The display includes the ACGIH (American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists) 1 hour TLV and the degrees above/below the TLV. S H Click or strike 1 to use HEAT/COLD STRESS DEMO. Follow screen instructions. Click BACK or strike B to return to S H. Two measures of stress are provided: NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) and the Heat Stress Index (HSI). Examine the impact of these variables on heat or cold stress. Discuss how workers can control these variables to reduce the risk of heat or cold stress. Point out that heat and cold stress are a result of an interaction between the environment and the worker. Emphasize rules for avoiding heat and cold stress. Learn more about heat stress at:

46 Working Outdoors 40 Outdoors S-4: What Is Heat Exhaustion? Heat exhaustion is a dangerous illness. Heat exhaustion symptoms: Extreme weakness or fatigue. Dizziness, confusion. Nausea. Clammy moist skin. Pale or flushed complexion. Slightly elevated body temperature. Heat exhaustion treatment: Rest in a cool, shaded place. Drink plenty of water. Outdoors S-5: What Is Heat Stroke? Heat stroke can cause hallucinations, death. Heat STROKE symptoms and treatment: Hot dry skin, no sweating, chills, high body temperature, mental confusion, slurred speech. Call 911, remove to cool shaded area, soak clothes with water, fan body, apply ice. Protect yourself from heat: Wear light colored clothing. Gradually build up to heavy work. Schedule heavy work during coolest parts of day. Take more breaks in extreme heat and humidity. Drink lots of water, at least 2 to 3 quarts a day. S 5 Click or strike 1 to use HEAT/COLD STRESS DEMO. Follow screen instructions. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 5. With heat stroke, there is a 40% to 50% risk of dying. Outdoors S-C: What Are the Hazards of Cold Weather? Cold stress can lead to hypothermia, frostbite. Cold stress is caused by a combination of: Cold/cool temperatures (50 o F and less). Wet weather and/or conditions. High winds (40+ MPH). Inadequate clothing. Cold stress is prevented by: Warm layers of clothing, head cover, warm gloves, wool socks. Keeping dry. Breaks in warm areas, drinking hot liquids. Keeping in good physical shape. Wind Chill Chart Demo Mouseover chart and use red lines to select a wind speed (vertical axis) and temperature (horizontal). The wind chill factor is at the intersection of the wind speed and temperature. This wind chill value is the effective temperature for human beings. S C Click or strike 1 to use WIND CHILL DEMO. Follow screen instructions. Click BACK or strike B to return to S C. The chart displays the effect of wind on temperature. Temperatures are displayed on the horizontal axis and wind speeds are displayed on the vertical axis. In general, wind lowers temperature and the wind s effect is greater at lower temperatures. For example, at 5 o F the effective temperature drops to 40 o F with a 60 mph wind. (Source: the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the National Weather Service.)

47 Working Outdoors 41 Outdoors S-7: What Are the Symptoms? Hypothermia, frostbite have these symptoms. Hypothermia: EARLY: Shivering, fatigue, loss of coordination, confusion, and disorientation. LATE: No shivering, blue skin, dilated pupils, slowed pulse and breathing, loss of consciousness, coma. Frostbite: Body reduces blood flow to hands and feet to maintain core temperature. Fingers or toes can freeze. Symptoms include numbness, tingling, aching, and bluish skin. Can cause the tissue to die and force amputation. Outdoors S-O: How Are Plants and Animals Hazardous? They can cause rashes, illness, even death. Outdoor work may expose you to: Bites from animals (dogs or snakes) and from insects and arachnida (bees, wasps, ticks, spiders). Plants such as poison ivy, poison oak, hogweed. To prevent these problems: Steer clear of any animals. Learn to recognize and avoid poisonous plants. Wear long sleeved shirts and pants, use insect repellents. Check for tick bites and lyme disease (red bullseye) each day. Get prompt medical/first aid treatment for any problems. 3 NIOSH Fact Sheets Display each Fact Sheet by using PDF controls at right to page. To print the Fact Sheets for trainees in advance of the training, click the PDF printer button. (Requires printer connection.) Deadly West Nile virus may be carried by mosquitoes in most parts of the U.S. Malaria and other diseases are also mosquito borne. Long sleeves and pants and frequent reapplication of repellent (DEET) help protect from mosquitoes and other insects. Be especially careful in the twilight hours and around standing water where mosquitoes feed. S O Click or strike 1, 2, or 3 to show the NIOSH Fact Sheets on stinging insects, ticks, poisonous plants. Click BACK or strike B to return to S O. NIOSH is the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in the Centers for Disease Control, U.S. National Institutes of Health. Poison ivy: Scratching poison ivy rash only spreads it if the plant oil still remains on the skin. No oil is in the blisters or in the rash. By scratching, you can cause bacterial secondary infection which can get wider and more severe. Then you need a doctor and an antibiotic prescription. Poison ivy rash is not contagious. But the oil itself can be transmitted to others. Poison oak: Burning poison oak causes an extremely dangerous smoke. A severe allergic reaction from inhaling the smoke, anaphylaxis, is life threatening. Do not burn this plant! Hogweed can cause 2nd degree burns.

48 Emergencies 42 Emergencies Emergencies S-1: What Emergencies Are Most Common? There are many possible emergencies. The most common emergencies: A worker is killed or seriously injured. Contact with a gas line or electrical power line. Trench collapse. Traffic entering the work zone. Toxic chemical spill. This module has 3 main screens. A one page Case Study sheet is in Case Studies in PRINT MATERIALS tab at top right of the Instructor Menu. Emergencies S-2: What Should We Do In An Emergency? The employer must have a plan. Emergency steps: Call 911 and get medical help as soon as possible. Contact on site first aid/cpr. Shut off equipment and evacuate area if potential toxic exposures or explosions. On site emergency coordinator contacts fire department/emergency response team. On site emergency coordinator contacts utility company, if applicable. After emergency, ask for counseling if you find you have been affected by a tragedy or near miss. Ask: What are some of the items that might be in the emergency plan? Emergencies S-3: How Do We Prepare For An Emergency? You must know your employer s plan. Emergency planning: Warning system and signal to alert workers for evacuation. Everyone must know where emergency phone numbers are posted for hospital, fire fighters, utilities, etc. Everyone must know who emergency coordinator is and who is trained in first aid/cpr. Everyone must be trained in emergency plan and participate in regular drills. Ask: What is in the emergency plan for this job site? Everyone must know the location of the jobsite so that emergency crews can find it. This means knowing exit numbers and/or mile marker numbers and/or street names, etc.

49 Safe Driving 43 Safe Driving Driving S-1: How Do We Drive Safely? This module has 3 main screens. Many workers die driving to/from work or between sites. Safe Driving Tips: Check vehicle to make sure all safety devices are operable and effective (brakes, turn signals, headlights, tail lights, horn). Adjust mirrors to give yourself optimal view. Always use seat belt. Don t talk on your cell phone, eat, or drink and avoid other distractions while driving. Pull over or ask a passenger to make calls. Don t drive if you are drowsy or drunk, some Rx and OTC drugs also affect driving. Don t speed, go at or below the posted speed limit slower in bad conditions. To use visual and audio demos for the orange car on Bullet 1, mouseover the words brakes, turn signals, headlights, taillights, horn in turn. After mousing over a word, return to white screen before going to another word. On all lights, lights/signals appear. On horn, a horn will sound. S 1 Strike or click 2 to show SEAT BELT DEMO. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 1. See Seat Belt Demo description on page 13. Driving S-2: How Do We Drive Safely? Driving to and from work may be more dangerous than the job. More safe driving tips: Buy vehicles with front and side air bags and ABS brakes. Drive with headlights on even in daytime. Drive defensively. Avoid aggressive driving, e.g. quick lane changes, tailgating. Map out a route ahead of time if you are unfamiliar with where you are headed. Never let anyone ride in the bed of your pick up truck. Driving S-3: What Should Road Workers Remember? Road workers face special driving hazards. Construction vehicle operators should: Keep cab clean to prevent slippery pedals and debris under brake pedal. Keep all window glass clean and in good repair to prevent distortion. Secure all cargo to prevent it from striking the cab. Be careful changing lanes, change only when necessary. Keep a safe distance from vehicles in front of you. Back up as little as possible. Be especially cautious at rail crossings. After a night shift: Only if you need it, drink coffee or caffeinated beverage to help get you home..

50 Instruction Zone + Disaster Response Disaster S-1: Disaster Response 44 This module has 10 main screens. What Is Emergency/Disaster Response? Action plan to deal with natural or man made incidents. Incident types: Nature Hurricane Tornado Earthquake Fire Flood Mud slide Avalanche Epidemic/pandemic DR = Disaster Response. Human or System Flaws Accident Accidental Release Intentional Release Bombs/Explosives Disaster S-2: S 2 click 1 or strike 1 key to show diversion screen on Angry Public. Click BACK or strike B key to return. How Does DR Differ From Road Work? Command structure, hazards, and work schedule all change. Possible Differences: New command structure. New hazard exposures. Unplanned/unscheduled work. Extended work hours. Possible change in housing. Contractor operations disrupted. Shortages in supplies, materials. Unpredictable, panicked motorists. Stress. Disaster S-3: S 3 Click go to visit OSHA ICS web page. Click Close to return. What Is an Incident Command System? ICS coordinates all organizations at the scene. ICS Facts: ICS is a structure to coordinate initial response through site clean up. FDN S 3 click 1 or strike 1 key to show the diversion screen on ICS. Click (More) for definitions. Click BACK or strike B key to return..y. ICS procedures explain how to organize personnel, facilities, equipment, communications. A contractor and all his employees in a disaster response work under the incident command system. Incident Site Commander becomes new site manager. Training in the ICS is required for all workers engaged in a disaster response. S 3 click 2 or strike 2 key to show diversion screen on DR training. Click BACK or strike B key to return.

51 Disaster Response 45 Disaster S-4: What Is Our Role in the ICS? Road contractors are under direction of Incident Commander. ICS Team Members: First Responders Law Enforcement: secure scene, control arrival/departure of incident responders. Fire and Rescue: rescue victims, extinguish fires, assess hazardous materials releases. EMS: treat injured at scene, determine destination/transportation. Second Responders Transportation agencies: traffic control, motorist information. Skilled Support Person (SSP): including road construction workers. Disaster S-5: What Special Health Issues Arise? Disasters may create unique health challenges. Possible Health Issues: Pathogens germs, bacteria, viruses. Contamination of water, environment. Disruption in food supply. Disruption in power/energy. Hygiene. Immunizations. Terror weapon residue. PPE use. Decontamination. Heat stress. Skilled Support Person (SSP): perform emergency roadwork and infrastructure repair, set up and operate alternate routes, construct temporary roadways, modify traffic control. If needed, heavy and highway SSP team assembles quickly and restores transportation infrastructure before rescue, assistance, and reclamation missions can begin. S 5 Strike or click 1 to show DR HEALTH HAZARDS DEMO. Follow screen instructions. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 5. S 5 click 2 or strike 2 key to show diversion screen on DR Hygiene. Click BACK or strike B key to return. DR Health Hazards Demo This demo shows health hazards that may be unique to a disaster response. The list does not include the more conventional hazards of road work. The list is not intended to be complete. Click Select a Hazard button at top right and select a hazard from the pull down menu. On the 2nd and 3rd items, submenus will appear. Click your selection to display the hazard and protections/preventions recommended by experts. S 5 click 3 or strike 3 key to show diversion screen on Immunization. Click BACK or strike B key to return. S 5 click 4 or strike 4 key to show diversion screen on Heat Stress. Click BACK or strike B key to return.

52 Disaster Response 46 Disaster S-6: What Special Safety Issues Arise? Disasters may create unique safety challenges. Possible Safety Issues: Unstable work area. Poor site conditions. Pressure to bypass normal safety protocols. Difficulty getting safety gear/materials. Internal and external communications. Unpredictable, panicked public/motorists. Internal traffic control. Equipment staging. S 6 Strike or click 1 to show DR SAFETY HAZARDS DEMO. Follow screen instructions. Click BACK or strike B to return to S 6. S 6 click 1 or strike 1 key to show diversion screen on Unstable Area. Click BACK or strike B key to return. DR Safety Hazards Demo This demo shows safety hazards that may be unique to a disaster response. The list does not include the more conventional hazards of road work. The list is not intended to be complete. Click Select a Hazard button at top right and select a hazard from the pull down menu. On the 4th item, submenus will appear. Click your selection to display the hazard and protections/preventions recommended by experts. S 6 click 2 or strike 2 key to show diversion screen on Angry Public. Click BACK or strike B key to return. Disaster S-7: How Does Disaster Impact Our Lives? It may increase demands at work and at home. Possible Personal Issues: Demand/request for work despite family needs. Extended work schedule. Temporary housing/displacement from home. Psychological impacts Seeing victims, death Stressful situations Abnormal working conditions Possible violence. S 7 click 1 or strike 1 key to show diversion screen on Emotional Trauma. Click BACK or strike B key to return. Disaster S-8: How Can We Reduce Personal Impact? Take extra measures to cope with disaster work. Reduce impact on these ways: Recognize that DR work makes us vulnerable to stress induced illness. Set priorities and pace work to avoid physical exhaustion. Resume normal sleep schedule as soon as possible. Get plenty of rest and take frequent breaks BEFORE exhaustion builds up. Be alert to emotional exhaustion or strain if family or friends are not available, consult professionals at community health centers. For more on coping with stress in disasters, visit the Centers for Disease Control, U.S. National Institutes of Health at

53 Disaster Response 47 Disaster S-9: How Can Workers Prepare to Respond? Know what is required and needed before a disaster happens. Things you can do: Learn about the Incident Command System approach. Become qualified to use respirators. Learn about other protective equipment and how to use it. Take Hazwoper Awareness or other training to learn about hazards and controls. Understand what your role will be and know who to report to. Make a Travel Kit. Make sure immunizations are current. Participate in drills if you get the chance. S 9 click 1 or strike 1 key to show the diversion screen on ICS.Click (More) for definitions. Click BACK or strike B key to return. S 9 click 2 or strike 2 key to show diversion screen on Respirator Wear. Click web link in Bullet 6 to visit OSHA PPE Standard. Click Close to return. Click BACK or strike B key to return to S 9. S 9 click 1 or strike 1 key to show diversion screen on Travel Kit. Click BACK or strike B key to return. Disaster S-10: How Can Contractors Prepare to Respond? Pre planning and communications are keys to success. Planning: Internal/external communications with employees and public. Emergency contacts with state and local transportation and emergency response officials. Disaster Response Training for workers and managers. Cross train emergency team and use method to transfer responsibility. Plan to deal with family concerns. Contingency plan for office disruptions (staffing, payroll, contract issues). Housing, food, hygiene for workers. Stockpiling equipment, materials, supplies, travel kits. S 10 click 1 or strike 1 key to show diversion screen on DR training. Click BACK or strike B key to return. (See page 44.) Hazardous Waste Worker Certification Training may be required. S 10 click 2 or strike 2 key to show diversion screen on Travel Kit. (See S 9.) Click BACK or strike B key to return.