Fauvel AV36 tailless glider Scale 1:16

Transcription

1 Fauvel AV36 tailless glider Scale 1:16 F11 (Page 1) Original colours: RAL 2009 RAL 6017 (Page 2) F9 F10 RAL 3020 RAL 7047 F4 F5 F8 F1 Abbreviations used for numbering parts: A = wings ( ailes ) D = empennage ( dérives ) F = fuselage H = canopy ( habitacle ) g = left ( gauche ) d = right ( droite ) (All photos by Philippe Rennesson of his original 1/33 build) A2 A3 A10 F6 F7 F3 A23 F11 Wingspan m (1/16 model 75.3 cm) Length o.a m (1/16 model 19.3 cm) Wing area m 2 Aspect ratio 1:10 Empty weight kg Best glide 1:22-24 The aircraft modeled is AV36 No 115, registered F-CBRO. The original can be viewed at Conservatoire de l Air et de l Espace d Aquitaine. Designed by Philippe Rennesson This version rescaled to 1/16; parts recoloured & rearranged by Leif Ohlsson Download 1/33 original from: F1 F8 F9 F10 F3 F7 F6 F5 F4 All drawings are full size 1/16 scale A26 A27 A28 [Note: Different and more true-to-scale shape of trim rudders in the version modeled here compared to author s test-build in photos.] A11 A1 A12 A29 A30 (Page 3) A4 A5 A6 (Page 4) A7 A8 A13 A15 A17 A19 A21 F13 A22 F46* F45 F46 A18 A20 F69 A23 0 A14 A16 A21 A19 A17 A15 A13 A32 A22 A20 A18 A9 Use this drawing to make dihedral template (see photo above) A8 A7 A16 A14 [Note: Discrepancy between framework & outline drawing of brakes present in original 1/33 design. Red framework drawing seems most correct both in scale & fit to part A5.] A6 A5

2 A37 A36 A43 Aileron control wires of ca 0.4 mm copper wire. Glue a surplus length to inside of wing covering pieces before glueing them to framework. (Page 5) F7 F7 parts glued together as a unit F4 F5 (Page 6; double all parts on this page on 2 mm) F10 F8 A31 A35 Optional elevator deflection: Cut underside of centre section after covering F7 F6 F9 A36 Air-brakes (profile) Fold along this line Elevator trim control rod of 0.4 mm copper wire. Glue a surplus length to inside of center section covering piece before glueing that to framework. F7 F12 A38 Elevator trim rudder F54 F62 F3 F1 F53 F55 3-view of nose block Shape from balsa or foam F13 F14 F61 F51 F60 Pitot tube (3 x real size) For position, see photo: Noseblock parts F15 F16 F47 F48 F47-49 jig for building canopy F49 F52 F50 Shape landing skid like this Left: Noseblock parts, make of 2mm balsa or foam. Laminate, glue in place, sand to shape. Then glue nose parts F59 over the shaped core. A6g (Page 7; double all parts on this page on 2 mm) About the model (Page 8) A6d A15g A13g A18d A18g This is a rescaled, recoloured, and edited version of an original model by Philippe Rennesson, published with his permission. The main objective was to try out a method of representing aircraft wood & fabric structures realistically in paper models. As such it is not a scale model, since the modeled aircraft F-CBRO probably never existed in a (non-)paint scheme like this. Basically I have "peeled off" all white paint and some of the red of the exterior (except a strip of red at the wing leading edge and center section), and all the green of the interior, to demonstrate the underlying wood and fabric structure. A8g A24g A17g A17d 1/16 scale is more than double the original 1/33 scale, and I believe it is a scale that pays real justice to the quality of modern paper model designs. The model has been edited to fit into a page size that will print equally well on A4 and US Letter size papers, as well as all laser & inkjet printers. This has necessitated dividing up the wing and centre section parts. They should be glued together again with the help of the supplied glue strips before they are applied to their respective frameworks (see more detailed instructions when you get to these parts). A8d A5g A16g A14g A20d A20g Suggested paper thickness is 200g (ca 0.25mm thick). This is slightly thicker than normal paper-model standard. For lamination, particularly the 2mm thick one, I recommend foam of some kind, Depron or simpler. Laminate with paper on both sides (as distinct from the usual procedure when laminating with cardstock). The result is very much easier to cut than if laminated with thick regular card! Fuselage A5d A24d A9g A9d A19g A19d First, build the basic framework of 2mm laminated parts (page 6; c.f. see-through drawing on page 1 and photo on page 11). Do not add the support parts for the instrument panel yet. Take care to sand the bulkheads to appropriate angles everywhere indicated or called for. Next add internal covering parts (page 11, except for part F69 which goes on to the wing later). Now add the instrument panel framework parts. Double all parts on this half of the page on 2 mm Now is also a good time to make the nose block. It is made by laminated 2mm parts from page 6. Sand to blend in with rest of fuselage framework. A13d A15d A7d A7g While the framework and interior is still open, add pilot's seat and waist harness parts (but not the shoulder harness parts yet; they go on to part F69 later), rudder pedals with control wires running on each side of the seat, and control stick. The instrument panel as such can be built in many ways, simplest by sticking 1c on to the laminated F9; even more realistically as outlined on page 11. The panel and instruments are taken from a photo of a German AV361. A small copy of a real AV36 manufacturer's plaque has symbolically been copied on to the instrument panel. Use pins for simulating canopy release (on the panel), and tow wire release (under the panel). A14d A16d A4g A4d A30g A30d A25 Dihedral template for getting the angel of inner rib A4 correct; see also drawing on page 3 for making tip support of correct height. Build up the fuselage sides 2 with internal framework 3 (page 11). Extra copies of 3 (printed on pages 17 and 19) can be used to make the framework even more realistic. Add levers and wires for trim rudders (right side) and wing brakes (left side). If you plan to build the wing brakes deployed to some extent later on, you should take care to position the brake lever correctly. Full back corresponds to fully deployed brakes; full forward corresponds to brakes fully retracted. Glue on outer skin parts F17-F19 (page 12). Apply the nose skin parts F59 (page 13) on to the nose block. Cut to exact shape after the sanded block. A chunk of unmarked spare plywood texture has been added on page 13. If you need even more, copy and paste multiple on a blank page. If you mirror (flip) parts appropriately, you can make it as large as you need, without visible seams. (Instructions and comments by Leif Ohlsson, after Philippe Rennesson s original. They are continued on various pages in what follows)

3 (Page 9; double all parts on this page on 2 mm) (Double parts in this frame on 1 mm) A23 A2g A1g (Page 10) Positions of shock-absorbing rubber blocks A36g * A1d D13 A2d F35 * D8 A36d * A39d * A39g * F54 * A3g A3d A22d * F9 * F53 * A22g * F46* F55* F52 * A27g A26d F60 * F50 * F34 * A21d * A21g * F51 * D5 Use extra copies of A39 for optional extra lamination of e.g. this section A26g A27d D2 A41g A41d A28d A11 D4 Wire parts ca 1 mm nail / wire F43g Right: Back of F46 F62 F63 F70 A10d A30d A12g A12d A28g Noseblock template (optional) A29g Glue on back of laminated block F67 F66 Left: Original canopy pattern. The canopy is extended rearwards to facilitate shaping and mounting. The surplus length will be invisible once glued in place. F46* may be used as a frame for the joint between the two hub sections. Make a cutout as close to the outer edges as possible. A30g D1 Left: F43 canopy rim parts. F43d D16 A29d A10g F39 D11 At right experimental way of making the canopy if you have access to heat laminating machine: Cut out & discard the marked canopy shapes. Double the cut-out frame with a transparency of equal size. Line the cut-outs with separate pieces of ca 0.5 mm soft floral wire, painted as needed, and glued in place to the transparency. Laminate the assembly both sides. Divide in two rough parts, bend to shape over jig, cut clean from the paper frame parts, and glue canopy parts toghether. (Page 11) F31 F33 F45 0 1a (Page 12) F36 F37 F30 F69 F40 F38 F32 F61 F18g Sandwich a layer of acetate between top layer 1a and intermediate layer 1b. Then glue composite on top of 1c. Glue on 1 mm part F63*. View cockpit photos enlarged on your screen - very instructive F d Pitot tube mount Roll shock absorbers on 2 mm nail or similar 1c 1b Forward skid mount L&R Exploded sketch was used for determining wood pattern Note different canopy & air brakes in this later version AV36 MkII 2g F44g F44d F44g F44d F44 parts are provided both as wood textured and painted red, since they are to cover a gap between the fuse and the red-painted leading edge of the wing. Choose the ones you prefer. F19 F18d F17d F17 top (alternative) g 3d+ 9d 3g+ Laminate + -parts with one extra layer of paper. F17g Alternative: Cut these tabs in F17d&g, and use part F17 top instead

4 F59 nose covering parts are oversize - adjust to shape of nose block. D7 (Page 13) F59 This is the left side of the centre section skin. The right side follows on the next page. Join the two pieces of the centre section skin with the glue strip provided on this page. Then make the cut-out for the fuselage pod. Note that trim rudders have been made larger and more true to scale than in test build. (Page 14) A40g A40d Glue A40 to back of 1mm laminate A39 from page 10. Use extra copies for optional extra lamination of e.g. this section A38 A38 are trim rudder horns, mount on top side. Use ca 0.4 mm copper wire for control rod. D12 D10 Right: Spare, unmarked noseblock texture; copy & paste multiple on blank sheet if required. A34 Gluestrip centre section L&R A34 Centre section Left side D3 D15 D14 This is the top side. Grey stripes on top of trim rudder and elevator splits simulate flexible tape, used on original to reduce aerodynamic resistance. D9 D6 Wing brakes (Page 15) A37g This is the right side of the centre section covering piece. Join with the left side on preceding page before making cut-out for fuselage pod. This is the top side. Grey strips on top of trim rudder and elevator splits simulate flexible tape, used on original to reduce aerodynamic resistance. A34 Centre section Right side Joining of wing & fuselage The framework is built up with parts from page 9 (c.f. drawing on page 2). If you don't intend to build the elevator deflected, you can just cover the framework with the joined centre section skin from pages 14 & 15. If you wish to build the elevator deflected, see instruction sketch on page 5. Mark the elevator split line on the back side, so you can place it exactly where you want the bend line on the upper side, and the cut line on the bottom side, to be. Attach the shoulder seat-belts to the slit in part F69, and add that part to the main wing spar in the fuselage cut-out of the center section. Then place the wing on to the already built fuselage pod. Shape part F40 (page 12; c.f. photo on page 11), and glue it in place. Shape & glue parts F44 to cover the remaining gap between F40 and the wings. Canopy Wings A31g + If you want to build the wing brakes recessed, you may just leave the wing root part A33 as it is. Or you can score the area corresponding to the wing brake outer skin A37 (see separate part on this page). Or you may cut out this area and reglue it, with a supporting piece of scrap paper on the inside, just to mark them as deployable. A35g If you wish to build the wing brakes deployed, you will have to start immediately after cutting out and shaping the big wing root part A33 (before glueing it to the wing framework). Cut out the area corresponding to the wing brake, part A37. Glue the wing-brake well part A30 (laminated with 2mm, from page 8) to the inside of the big wing part. The bottom of the wing-brake well is formed by part A35 (this page). The actual wing brakes are made up of parts A37 and A31 (both on this page), and part A36 (from page 10). Glue A36 (laminated with 1mm) on to A31 (laminated with one extra layer of paper). Glue A37 on to the back of A31. The brakes are glued at an angle of your wish to the forward edge of the wing-brake wells (see photos on page 2). A33g (root section) This is the root section of the left wing panel A33g. The tip section of the left wing follows on the next page, with instructions for how to join the two pieces. This side, with insignia and wing brake, is the bottom side. Wing centre section After the center section is complete, you can build the top aft section of the fuselage. The framework F12-16 is on page 6, and the covering parts 6-28 on page 12. Glue the finished assembly on to the top of the centre section wing. (Page 16) The wingbrakes can be made either deployed - at any angle from 0 to 90 - or recessed, as in normal flight. The instruction sketch on page 5 may not be entirely helpful. Here's how the wing brakes should be built: There are two methods for making the canopy outlined on page 10. Designer Philippe Rennesson used a temporary frame made by F47-49 parts from page 6, and shaped the transparencies cut after the template F66-67 (page 10) on to that frame, glueing both sections to frame F46 (page 10). Cut out F46 as close to the outer edges as possible as possible. F43 on page 13 are canopy lower rim strips. The wings proper are built in a similar manner to the center section. Use the template A25 on page 8 to get the angle of the inner ribs correct. The skin parts (pages 16-19) are to be joined before glued on to the framework. Before that, however, the wing brakes have to be made (see special instructions and notes on pages 16 & 18). The experimental method outlined on page 10 is just that - a thought experiment. Hopefully, the creative builder may be able to make something of it. There is no provision in the kit to build separate ailerons. However, you may simulate that by cutting out the aileron skin parts on the bottom and the inner split, and re-attach them with a strip of black paper on the inside. Do not cut along the grey flexi-tape joint on the top. The outer wing sections are butt-glued to the center section. Make a simple tip support (c.f. crasing on page 3 to get the correct measure) to maintain correct angles. The landing skid of wood F35 & F39 (page 11; only one of them laminated) is bent to the angle illustrated on page 5. At its front, it is suppported by two small simulated metal supports. For shock absorbtion it is mounted on three bungee rolls, made by rolling F36-38 on to a 2mm drill or similar (page 12). Landing skid

5 Aileron horn A43: See instructions on page 5. A43 A42g This is the tip section of the left wing panel A33g, with a glue strip for joining it with the root section on preceding page (same part number). This side, with the insignia, is the bottom side of the wing. Fin & rudder The fins & rudders have an odd shape if you look at them in a cross section - the outer edge is flat and the inner curved. This is to enable the rudders to be folded 90 outwards along the straight edge to accomodate the aircraft on its special trailer. Wing support on tip bottom; Glue to back of 2mm laminate A41 from page 9. Wing brakes - notes from the operating manual (Page 17) A33g (tip section) The fins are built up by glueing skin parts D9/D14 (page 13) to vertical frame members D11/D16, respectively, at the rear, and D8/D13, at the front (page 9). Glue these sections to the wing center section vertically. Continue to build up the fins by adding skin parts D7/D12 top and forward, plus D10/D15 on the underside of the wing. The rudders are built up by frame members D1/D4 and D2/D5, plus skin parts D3/D6. Glue the rudders to the fins. You could glue them at an angle, but that would be slightly unrealistic, since the ailerons are not easily converted to being deflected as they would be in a curve. (For instructions see page 16 ) A37d Wing brakes on the full size aircraft did have one peculiar characteristic. For about the first third of their deployment (0-30 ) they actually increased the lift, without adding much brake effect. This is why on many photos of winch-launched AV-36 you will see the wing brakes partly deployed below the wings. A31d + This is also why, during landing, it was prohibited to close the wing brakes more than from 90 to 30. The wing-brake lever in the cockpit had a special stop at this point, so that it would be impossible to close the wing brakes by mistake more than this. The reason was a clear risk of stalling out as a result of diminished lift. (Page 18) Incidentally, if you build the wingbrakes deployed, take care to mount the lever on the left side of the cockpit at its rear position (not the forward one mistakenly shown in the photos). A35d A33d (root section) Another mistake of the same kind appears in the photos of the elevator trim rudders. If, as depicted, you build the model with slightly down elevator (as would probably be the case on final approach, or in flight between thermals), the trim rudder should be deflected slightly upwards (not downwards as in the photos). This is the root section of the right wing panel A33d. The tip section of the right wing follows on the next page. This side, with the insignia, is the top side of the wing. The wing brakes open on the bottom side. Final details The tow hooks A39 (backed up by A40) are glued to the bottom of the centre section where marked. The Fauvel used a special Y-shaped, two-point, harness for both aero- and winch-towing. Glue the two small wing tip protection skids and tie-down points A41 (backed up by A42) to the bottom of the tips where marked. Extra copies of 3 placed here to utilize the space. Use them for optional extra laminating of e.g. yellow spruce & dark brown veneer parts. Discard the rest. The pitot tube (made up by wire part F70 and parts F60 & F61) is glued to the top of the fuselage (c.f. photo on page 5). 3d 3g Grey strips on top of aileron splits simulate flexible tape used on original to enhance aerodynamics. Trim rudder horn A38, and aileron horns A43 are glued to cut-out slits at the positions marked on the skin parts. Note that it is advisable to pre-glue aileron and trim rudder push-rods on the inside of the skin parts before these are applied to their respective frameworks. See instruction sketches on page 5. Copper wire of 0.4mm or less is about right. Use for reference, or for building a 1/33 scale wood-textured model. All measurements refer to 1/16 scale version. Original page 20 - operating manual - omitted to save space.] Further notes on the Fauvel AV36/361 A33d (tip section) This is the tip section of the right wing panel A33d, with a glue strip for joining it with the root section on preceding page (same part number). The prototype is dated 1951, the wingspan was meters, and empty weight a very low 120 kg. Yet it was rated for 12G at full weight of 215 kg (allowing 95 kg for pilot & misc.). (Page 19) Page 21 Wing support on tip bottom; Glue to back of 2mm laminate A41 from page 9. A42d The length with rudders deflected and mounted on its special trailer was 2.38 m, which allowed it to be transported legally on ordinary roads with no restrictions. Mounted at 90 towards its normal flight direction it could be hauled behind an ordinary car without having to be disassembled further. The prototype was certified in France, Canada, and Germany, also for mild aerobatics. Minimum speed was 58 km/h and max speed 180 km/h. Best glide was 1:26 at 83 km/h, which is comparable to ordinary gliders of the era. Minimum sink speed was 0,87 m/s. Numerous flights of 300 km and 500 km were registered by Fauvel AV36 glider pilots. The AV36 was followed by the AV361, with slightly larger span and a more modern (laminary) wing profile, which increased best glide to 1:30 at 85 km/h, and a minimum sink speed of 0,74 m/s. (This version is depicted in the see-through sketch on page 11.) Several AV36 & AV361 were later modified by builders to carry a small two-stroke engine and a prop at the rear of the fuselage, between the fins. That would seem to be the dream of that era - build the aircraft in your garage (or perhaps better, club work shop), go gliding without having to be towed up, and - even better - get out of that impossible sink and return safely home, without having to call for a team and a truck from the middle of some god-forsaken cow pasture. Extra copies of 3 placed here to utilize the space. Use them for optional extra laminating of e.g. dark brown veneer parts. Discard the rest. This side, with the insignia and grey flexi-tape strip, is the top side of the wing. 3d Note: Aircraft registration plaque below has been included on the instrument panel of this model, page 11. 3g Photos of the original F-CBRO glider, and the drawing of the Fauvel AV36, courtesy of the French model aircraft building magazine RCM, April 1996.