BIOKINEMATIC STRUCTURE OF TECHNIQUES WRESTLERS DURING PRE-BASIC TRAINING

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1 BIOKINEMATIC STRUCTURE OF TECHNIQUES WRESTLERS DURING PRE-BASIC TRAINING Sinіgoves S.V. Naional Universiy of Physical Educaion and Spor of Ukraine Annoaion. The heoreical aspecs of freesyle wreslers. Experimenally invesigaed he srucural elemens of echniques during pre-basic raining. The sudy involved 28 young fighers. Held video compuer analysis echniques. Idenified biomechanical characerisics defined kinemaic srucure of he emporal and spaial-emporal characerisics of he basic echniques. Shown variabiliy of he individual phases of he basic echniques. Srucural dynamics of he resuling velociies of he individual body bioelemen fighers showed characerisic changes depending on he mode and direcion of he moor acion. Found ha he predominan conribuion o he biokinemaic srucure of echnical acions were resuling velociies orso of young fighers. Keywords: freesyle wreslers, biokinemaic, srucure, basic, echnical, echniques. Inroducion 1 A presen ime in sysem of echnical preparaion in wresling here exiss sufficien argumenaion of wha echniques or moion acions shall be rained, bu mush worse is he siuaion wih insrucions how o realize i on high mehodic level []. Foe successful soluion of his ask i is necessary o profoundly scienifically sudy he conen of basic moion echniques raining in free syle wresling as well as o sudy is kinemaic srucure [8]. As i is known, echnique in spor wresling is a combinaion of operaions, which is a resulan par of aacking, couner-aacking or defensive acion (hrow, knock down, shifing, overurn, covering ec.) [10]. According o classificaion of wresling s echniques, which was developed by A.P. Kuposov [], heir quaniy and kinds are deermined. In is basis here are movemens of orso: forward ben; backward arching; forwardlef or forward righ wising; o he lef or o he righ wih holding of leg and arm in urn; o he lef or o he righ wih holding of arm and neck by urn and so on. As per R. Perov [], echniques have he following characerisics: effeciveness, reliabiliy, variabiliy. Effeciveness is deermined by efficiency (qualiy of referees marks, frequency of ouch vicories and ec.) and frequency of acual aemps. Reliabiliy of echnique is deermined by frequency of evaluaed aemps and real possibiliy of couner aacks fulfillmen. Acually, reliabiliy of a echnique depends on overcoming of hacking facors (changing of siuaion, of physical and psychic sae of a wresler, iniial posiions, exernal condiions). Variabiliy of a echnique is deermined by possibiliy of varying of is fulfillmens means. The more such varians are, i.e. he wider is he range of is space, power, ime and rhyhmic characerisics, he higher variabiliy of echnique is. Techniques have relaively seady srucure, space, ime, power and rhyhmic characerisics. Srucure of wresling echniques means simulaneous and successive fulfillmen of separae movemen s elemens in ime as one complex acion. Specific movemens of orso in combinaion wih he mos frequen movemens of arms (holds) and legs are he base of he srucure. Sysemizing of scienific researches in he field of wresling permied o deermine he srucure of echniques, which, by he daa of I.I. Alikhanov [1], S.V. Bagayev [2], G.S. Tumanian [], Yu.A. Shakhmuradov Ю.А. [10,11,12] includes he following phases of acions and movemens: 1) preliminary (preparaory) acions (hold, enering of aacker from iniial posiion in saring, making adversary o lose balance); 2) main acions (separaion of adversary from he ma, final imbalance of him, urn, sar of falling); ) final acions (falling down, fligh, landing). Success of echnique depends o large exen on qualiy of firs phase s execuion, preliminary acions, which are aimed a accumulaion of required mechanical energy for furher aacking acions. I has been proved ha firs phase is longer han he second and also i has been esablished ha wrong enering in sar posiion resuls in failure of hrow. In he second phase mos imporan acions are carried ou, ha is why i should be regarded a deerminaive one boh from he poin of view of efficiency and as an imporan principle of hrow raining s consrucion. The main aim of moion acions in his phase is successful realizaion of mechanical energy, accumulaed in previous phase. Moion acions in he hird phase are poined a correcion of realized mechanical energy for receiving of prize poins, vicory and so on. Bio mechanical srucure of echnical acions in wresling is variable, in connecion wih is variabiliy and complexiy, and has differen ime, space-ime and dynamic characerisics. Owing o difference of srucural elemens of echnical acions, i is necessary o sudy and form young wreslers opimal rhyhmic componens of hem. Especially i is imporan wih raining of young wreslers wih basic echniques ha served he basis for he presen researches. The researches have been carried ou in compliance wih scienific opic lis of deparmen of kinesiology of Naional universiy of physical educaion and spors of Ukraine. Problems of he work corresponds o subjec Improvemen of means of acic-echnical preparaion of qualified sporsmen wih he help of modern measuring Sinіgoves S.V., 201 doi: 10.08/m.figshare. 2

2 echnologies, analysis and movemens simulaion means of combined plan of SRW in he field of physical culure and spors for Purpose, asks of he work, maerial and mehods The purpose of he research is o sudy specific characerisics of kinemaic srucure of free syle wreslers echniques a he sage of preliminary basic preparaion. The ask of he research: o sudy srucural peculiariies of echniques in wresling. The mehods and organizaion of he researches: in he work he following mehods were used: analysis of scienific-mehodic lieraure, generalizaion, sysemizing, bio mechanical, video-compuer analysis, mehods of mahemaical saisics. For deerminaion of ime and space-ime characerisics of basic echniques we used program complex of biomechanical video-compuer analysis «BioVideo. The researches covered 28 junior free syle wreslers CSCJSS specialized on marial ars, Kiyev, of SCJSS Olimpiyes, Chernigov, of CJSS Sparak, Nezhin. The wreslers were 1-1 years old and relaed, as per qualificaion and program requiremens of spors school, o he sage of preliminary basic preparaion []. Wih he help of video-compuer mehod here were analyzed echniques, which were improved by junior wreslers on he sage of preliminary basic preparaion, videlice: Throw by urn wih hold of arm and neck; hrow by urn wih arm hold on shoulder; Throw by urn wih hold of hold and similar leg mill ; knock down by pushing wihhold of one or wo legs. Time, space-ime characerisics of junior wreslers bio links in sagial plane, as per he model, depiced in fig. 1, were he base of bio-mechanical analysis. Fig.1. Diagram of human model by 20 poins (I.V. Khmelniskaya, 200) Resuls of he researches In he researches we presened he resuls of sudying of srucural elemens junior wreslers echniques wih using of ime characerisics and resulan velociy of mass cener (MC) of bio-links. Resuls of sudying of ime srucure of junior wreslers echniques confirm he daa of researches of oher auhors, which are based on assumpions ha he firs phase is longer han he second. Mean indicaors of firs phase were wihin limis from 0.0 o sec. and he second from 0. o 0.0 sec., he hird were from 0.2 o 1.0 sec. Percenage correlaion of separae phases duraion in he srucure of he sudied echniques in preliminary acions was in he limis from 2. o.%, in main acions from 1. o 2.%, while in resulan acions from. o 1.% (see able 1). Table 1 Time srucure of basis echniques Techniques Фазы 1 phase 2 phase phase Time srucure indicaors Throw by urn wih hold of arm and neck Throw by urn wih hold of arm on shoulder Throw by urn wih hold of arm and similar leg mill Knock down by pushing wih hold of leg Knock down by pushing wih hold of wo legs Duraion, sec Duraion, % Duraion, sec Duraion, % Duraion, sec Duraion, %

3 Resuls of sudy of resulan velociies srucural dynamics of junior wreslers separae bio-links wih fulfillmen of basic echniques winess abou characerisic changes depending on he mehod of fulfillmen and direcion of moion acions (see able 2). Wih analyzing of kineic srucure of he sudied echniques in preliminary acions indicaors of resulan velociy of MC of head, orso and general MC were in limis from 0.2 o 1.2 m sec -1, and mean values of upper and lower limbs links from 0.0 o m sec -1 and from 0.81 o 1. m sec -1. Mean values of velociies of he sudied bio-links of firs phase (V av.. phase ) of basic echniques were in limis 0. o m sec -1. In main acions he sudied characerisics had he following values: head, orso, GMC from 0.1 o 1.2 m sec -1 ; upper limbs from 0. o 1.2 m sec -1 ; lower limbs from 0. o 1. m sec -1. Table 2 Mean saisic indicaorsof resulan velociy in (m sec -1 )of body bio-links wih fulfillmen of echniques by free syle junior wreslers Techniqu es Throw by urn wih hold of arm and neck Phas e Hea d Tors o GM C Righ should er Lef should er Righ forear m Lef forear m Righ hand Lef han d 0. Righ hig h Lef hig h Righ shin Lef shi n Righ foo Lef foo Throw by urn wih hold of arm on shoulder Throw by urn wih hold of arm and similar leg mill Knock down by pushing wih hold of leg Knock down by pushing wih hold of wo legs Mean values of velociies of he sudied bio-links of second phase s echniques were from 0. o 1. m sec -1. Resulan acions were characerized by such mean values of separae bio-links and pars of body velociies: head and orso, GMC from 0. o 2. m sec -1, upper limbs from 1.01 o 1, m sec -1, lower limbs from 0.8 o 1.0 m sec - 1. Mean values of velociies of he researched bio-links of hird phase echniques were from 0. o1.80 m sec -1. Using of correlaion analysis permied o deermine facorial srucure of bio-links resulan velociies of junior wreslers in every phase of he sudied echnical acions. In analysis we used percenage conribuions of indicaors in general dispersion a he level no less han 8.0%. In paricular, wih sudying of he firs phase of hrow by urn wih hold of arm and neck percenage dominaion belonged o resulan velociies of GMC 8.2%, of lef and righ highs, correspondingly 8.22 and 8.%, of righ forearm 8.% and orso- 8.12%. Analysis of correlaion ables deermined he following dominaion of conribuions of resulan velociies of separae bio-links in general dispersion wih fulfillmen of hrow by urn wih arm hold on shoulder: righ shin and high 8.% and 8.1%, GMC 8.0%. Wih fulfillmen of hrow mill firs

4 places in general dispersion were aken by velociies of GMC.0%, righ high and shoulder 8. and 8.%, orso- 8.%, head 8.11%. Knock downs wih hold of one or wo legs were characerized by such percenage disribuion of velociies in general dispersion: GMC.81%, lef high 8.%, head 8.% wih hold of one leg; shin, high and hand of righ limbs 8.2%, 8.12%, 8.1% accordingly, orso- 8.12%, head 8.1% (see fig.2). Стопа lef левая foo Стопа righ правая foo Голень lef левая shin Голень righ правая shin Бедро lef левое high Бедро righ правое high Кисть lef левая hand Кисть righ правая hand Предплечье lef forearm левое Предплечье righ forearm правое Плечо lef shoulder левое Плечо righ shoulder правое GMC ОЦМ Туловище orso Голова head,88,08,2,,82,8,81,81,8,,1,1,1,, 8,22 8, 8,, 8,1,,28 8,,02 8,, 8,2,8 8,12,82,,,,,8,1,1,2 8,1,0,,2,8, 8,,8,1,1,,,22,,28, 8,,8,1,,88 8,2 8,0,0,81 2,02 8,12,2 8,, 8,12,8,01 8,11 8, 8,1 % Бросок Throw подворотом by urn wih с hold захватом of arm руки and neck и шеи Бросок Throw подворотом by urn wih с hold захватом of arm руки on shoulder на плечо Бросок Throw поворотом by urn wih с hold захватом of arm руки similar и одноименной leg mill ноги "мельница" Сваливание Knock down сбиванием by pushing захватом wih hold ноги of leg Knock down by pushing wih hold of wo legs Сваливание сбиванием захватом ног Fig.2 Disribuion of conribuions of resulan velociies of bio-links in general dispersion of firs phase of echniques (preliminary acions) % Dominaing conribuion of resulan velociies in facorial srucure of second phase of he sudied echniques belonged o he following disribuion of percenage conribuions ino general dispersion: hrow by urn wih hold of hand and neck lef foo and righ shin 8.1% each of hem, righ high 8.1% righ shoulder 8.18%; hrow by urn wih hold of arm on shoulder lef shoulder 8.1%; hrow by urn wih hold of arm similar leg mill GMC 8.8%, lef and righ hands correspondingly by 8. and 8.8%, lef forearm, shoulder 8.1 and 8.%, orso 8.%; knock down by pushing wih hold of leg GMC 8.%, righ foo, shin 8.1 and 8.2%, orso 8.02%; knock down by pushing wih hold of wo legs: orso,1%, lef shoulder, forearm, hand, high -8.2%, 8.%, 8.%, 8.%. (see fig.).

5 lef foo Стопа левая Стопа righ правая foo Голень lef левая shin Голень righ правая shin Бедро lef левое high Бедро righ правое high Кисть lef левая hand Кисть righ правая hand Предплечье lef forearm левое Предплечье righ forearm правое Плечо lef shoulder левое righ Плечо shoulder правое GMC ОЦМ Туловище orso Голова head 8,1 2,,,0 2,22,8,1 2, 8,1,08,,,2,2, 8,1,,88 8,2,08,8, 8,02,1 8, 8,1,8,,,2,,1 8,, 8,,1,8 8,8,12,2,2,2 8,1,0 8,,2,1,1,2,, 8,1 8,,2 8,2 8,18,2 2,,,2,, 8, 8, 2,8,, 8, 8,02,1,,,2,, % Бросок Throw подворотом by urn wih с hold захватом of arm руки and и neck шеи Бросок Throw подворотом by urn wih с hold захватом of arm руки on shoulder на плечо Бросок Throw поворотом by urn wih с захватом hold of arm руки similar и одноименной leg mill ноги "мельница" Сваливание Knock down сбиванием by pushing захватом wih hold ноги of leg Сваливание Knock down сбиванием by pushing захватом wih hold ног of wo legs Fig. Disribuion of conribuions of resulan velociies of bio-links in general dispersion of second phase of echniques (preliminary acions) % In resulan phase of echniques he following succession of percenage conribuion of bio-links velociies in general dispersion: hrow by urn wih hold of arm and neck бросок- righ foo 8.%; hrow by urn wih hold of arm on shoulder GMC 8.8%, lef shoulder, righ shoulder 8.0 and 8.2%, orso 8.1%; hrow by urn wih hold of arm similar leg mill GMC 8.%, lef hand, shoulder 8.1 and 8.%, orso 8.8%; knock down by pushing wih hold of leg lef high, hand 8.0 and 8.01% and lef shoulder and orso by 8.0% each; knock down by pushing wih hold of wo legs orso 8.1%, Lef shoulder, forearm, hand 8.1%, 8.0%, 8.02%, righ forearm, hand 8.0%, 8.1% (see fig.).

6 lef foo Стопа левая Стопа righ правая foo Голень lef левая shin Голень righ правая shin Бедро lef левое high Бедро righ правое high Кисть lef левая hand Кисть righ правая hand Предплечье lef forearm левое Предплечье righ forearm правое Плечо lef shoulder левое Плечо правое righ shoulder ОЦМ GMC Туловище orso Голова head,1, 2,,8,2 8,,1,81 1,8 2,82 8,,,1,1,2,8,1,,2,,1,1 2,8 8,0,28,8,8,,,2,1,0 8,1 8,01 8,02,,,,0 8,1,2,,18, 8,0,,,22,28 8,0, 8,0 8, 8,0 8,1,2 8,2,1,,, 8,8 8,, 2,0, 8,1 8,8 8,0 8,1,2,8,88,,8 % Бросок подворотом с захватом руки и шеи Throw by urn wih hold of arm and neck Бросок подворотом с захватом руки на плечо Throw by urn wih hold of arm on shoulder Бросок Throw поворотом by urn wih с hold захватом of arm руки similar и одноименной leg mill ноги "мельница" Сваливание Knock down сбиванием by pushing захватом wih hold ноги of leg Сваливание Knock down сбиванием by pushing захватом wih hold ног of wo legs Fig. Disribuion of conribuions of resulan velociies of bio-links in general dispersion of hird phase of echniques (preliminary acions) % Summary Resuls of he researches permied o form basic principles of srucure of echniques in wresling, which have relaively seady srucure, space, ime, power and rhyhmic characerisics and include he following phases of moion acions: preliminary (preparaory) acions (hold, enering of aacker in sar posiion from iniial, making of adversary o lose balance); main acions ( separaion of adversary from ma, final imbalance of him, urn, sar of falling); final acions (falling down, fligh, landing). Sudying of dynamic srucure of free syle wreslers echniques on he sage of preliminary basic preparaion winesses abou is variabiliy and abou ambiguiy of is ime characerisics in every sudied hrow, ha permi o accenuae coaches aenion on developmen of means of raining process s opimizaion, considering formaion of auomaism in every phase of moion acions. Resuls of correlaion analysis permied o deermine in kinemaic srucure of he sudied echniques dominaing conribuion of orso s resulan velociies in every phase. The furher prospecs sipulae developmen of mehodic recommendaions on improvemen of basic echniques of free syle wreslers on he sage of preliminary basic preparaion, considering dynamics of kinemaic characerisics in relaion o heir spor qualificaion and weigh caegories.

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