Improving Measurement Uncertainty of Differential Pressures at High Line Pressures & the Potential Impact on the Global Economy & Environment.
|
|
- Theodore Peter Lloyd
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Improving Measuremen Uncerainy of Differenial Pressures a igh Line Pressures & he Poenial Impac on he Global Economy & Environmen. Speaker/uhor: Mike Collins Fluke Calibraion 5 urricane Way Norwich. NR6 6JB, UK Tel: mike.collins@flukecal.com Co uhors: Kenneh Kolb (formerly) Neculai Moisoi GE Infrasrucure Sensing GE Infrasrucure Sensing 03 Wespark Drive Fir Tree Lane ouson, Texas US 7704 Groby, Leiceser, LE6 0F, UK Tel: Tel: kenneh.kolb@ge.com neculai.moisoi@ge.com bsrac Typically he calibraion of igh Line Differenial Pressure Transmiers is performed wih he low side of he device open o amosphere. Such measuremens make no accoun of he changes ha occur o he weed pars when hese devices are subjeced o he high line pressures ypical of heir normal working environmen. This pracice can inroduce significan measuremen errors o he final oucome of a process wheher i be fiscal monioring and cusody ransfer of naural resources such as oil and gas, he urbine efficiency of je engines used on aircraf and in oher areas of power generaion, o uiliies delivering gas, waer and elecriciy o indusry and he associaed indusrial processes, o domesic end users and even possibly o more recen aemps a carbon sequesraion and he accurae accounabiliy for carbon credis. This paper describes a novel approach ha enables he calibraion of high line differenial pressure ransmiers a elevaed line pressures. Developmen of his echnology began in response o increased demand from indusry for an accurae and easy o use differenial pressure sandard. This new insrumen subsanially reduces he calibraion ime by eliminaing he iniial cross-floa required when using a winpos pison gauge or a pressure divider. Calibraions a elevaed line pressures are furher simplified hrough acive conrol of differenial pressures, hus reducing he dependence on operaor echnique and experience. The line pressure range of his insrumen is from 0 o 0 MPa wih a differenial pressure range of 0 o 00 kpa.
2 . Inroducion I is a well-known fac ha he performance of mos differenial pressure ransmiers is dependen on line pressure. owever, mos are calibraed only wih an amospheric reference. The main reasons hese devices are no calibraed a elevaed line pressure are he high cos and he complexiy of operaion of he radiional calibraion sandards, which are ypically a win-pos pison gauge or a pressure divider sysem, linked o a single-pos deadweigh pison gauge. This paper describes he key elemens of a new design of differenial pison gauge, including he novel riple-pison assembly and load cell arrangemen, as well as he calibraion mehod used o characerize he effecive area of he specialized pison assembly. This calibraion process demonsraes ha he effecive area of he riple-pison assembly is no affeced by he line pressure. The lack of pressure dependence simplifies operaion of he insrumen by minimizing he compuaions needed for accurae resuls, and significanly conribues o a reduced uncerainy in oupu pressure. The line pressure range for his insrumen is from 0 o 0 MPa wih a differenial pressure range of 0 o 00 kpa. The main elemen of he new differenial pressure sandard is an inegraed riple-pison assembly. This unique assembly eliminaes he dependence on he second deadweigh pison and allows direc idenificaion of he differenial pressure as i is direcly proporional o he applied mass load. Oher key elemens of he new design include a load cell, acually a precision digial force balance, and an acive differenial pressure conrol sysem. The digial balance allows he sysem o esablish differenial pressures well below he normal minimum by offseing he force of he are componens. The digial balance also provides feedback o he acive conrol sysem o mainain he differenial pressure produced when changing he mass load. The calibraion of he new differenial pison gauge sandard was performed in wo pars. The masses are calibraed using radiional means, bu he effecive area of he differenial pison was deermined using a variaion of he radiional win-pos differenial calibraion mehod. Basic design and operaion The schemaic of he insrumen in Figure shows he main sysem componens. The hree pisons a he hear of he sysem, he riple-pison assembly, are shown as iems, and 3. The riple-pison assembly is consruced wih sub-micromere axial symmery o ensure precision operaion wih minimal leakage. During he iniial operaion a a given line pressure, he pressure is applied simulaneously o boh ends of he differenial diameer pison (). The weigh of he floaing elemens is suppored by he digial balance (4) hrough a spring-loaded coupling sysem (9). This coupling sysem reduces he effecs of ransiens resuling from moorized roaion of he pison assembly, and prevens overloading he digial balance mechanism. Once he line
3 pressure has been esablished he digial balance is ared and an exernal mass load is applied corresponding o he desired differenial pressure. The pressure applied o he high-pressure side of he differenial pison (he lower caviy) is increased unil he digial balance indicaes zero, designaing ha he downward force is he same as before he masses were loaded, hereby indicaing ha he exernal mass load is fully offse by he differenial pressure across he large-diameer pison. 7 L.P..P PCB,,3 - Pison ssemblies 4 - Mass Balance 5 - Prined Circui Board 6 - Temperaure Conrol Elemen 7 - Weigh Carrier 8 - Mechanical Sop 9 - Mechanical Connecion 0 - Safey Valves - Inpu Valves - djusable Fee 5. Figure. Schemaic drawing of he new differenial pison gauge Thermal generaors inegraed ino he sysem mainain he differenial pressure according o feedback from he digial balance. s emperaure or oher influences cause he differenial pressure o drif from he desired level he hermal generaors adjus he emperaure of a porion of he sysem liquid o mainain he force measured by he digial balance, hereby mainaining he differenial pressure. The signal from he digial balance is ransmied o he compuer conrol program which can be configured o graph he aciviy of he acive conrol sysem and o show small deviaions from he arge differenial pressure. In a liquid-only calibraion sysem he differenial pressure is esablished simply by changing he mass load. The large diameer differenial pison produces mos of he differenial pressure direcly, and he auomaic conrol sysem makes up he remainder, auomaically. Calibraion mehod Various calibraion mehods were considered for deermining he effecive area of his new differenial pison assembly. The iniial mehod considered he exisence of wo effecive areas, one for he low-pressure side and anoher for he high-pressure side. nd furher, ha hese wo areas would no be idenical, in ha here could be a significan offse relaed o line pressure. This innovaive mehod proved o be accurae bu was also complicaed and very ime consuming. less complicaed mehod was been developed ha eliminaes he need for discreely deermining he differen effecive areas and as well, he variable effec of line pressure.
4 Figure. Crossfloa Calibraion Sysem The final calibraion of he differenial pison was accomplished using a variaion of he radiional win-pos differenial calibraion mehod. In he convenional win-pos differenial mehod he saic pison is adjused o generae he same pressure as he sandard pison. This esablishes zero differenial a he line pressure defined by he sandard pison. Small load changes are hen made o he sandard pison o generae he desired differenial pressures. The mehod used for he calibraion of he new differenial pison is essenially he same excep for he iniial balancing operaion. Normal operaion he new differenial pison sysem includes a digial balance o offse he weigh of he are componens, allowing he sysem o produce near-zero differenial pressures. During he calibraion of he differenial pison he force balance is disabled o reduce all unnecessary influences on he characerizaion of he pison area. s a resul, he sandard win-pos crossfloa sysem had o make up his difference. Whereas in he convenional operaion of he win-pos sysem he saic and sandard pisons are brough o he same pressure for he iniial reading, in he differenial pison calibraion he win-pos pisons were offse o equal he are pressure of he differenial pison, hereby replacing he effec of he digial balance. The balance poin was considered as he zero poin o which all subsequen readings would be compared. This approach eliminaes he need for discree deerminaion of he weigh of he differenial pison are componens and he deerminaion of how much he are pressure changes wih line pressure. Replacing he offse force of he digial balance wih an offse in he win-pos sandard seup resuls in direc proporionaliy beween he differenial pressure and he exernal weigh load, and he calibraion sysem beer represens he normal operaing mode of he differenial pison sysem.
5 Mahemaical model of calibraion The effecive area of he insrumen pison-cylinder assembly is deermined from he calibraion equaion: p = () p s The pressure generaed by he win-pos pressure balance [] in his modified differenial mode is given by: p s = 0 m gb [ + λ ( p + p) ][ + α ( 0) ] 0 s p L0 + p + α L + α L ( + λ p 0[ + α ( 0 0) ]) 0 [ + λ ( p 0 + p) ][ + α ( 0) ] ( L0 0) ( 0) L () where: m s - mass of he weighs applied o generae he differenial pressure; g - acceleraion due o graviy; b - air buoyancy correcion facor; 0 - effecive area of he high-pressure pison-cylinder assembly; λ - pressure-dependen erm of he high-pressure pison-cylinder assembly; p 0 - pressure generaed by he high-pressure pison-cylinder assembly; p L0 - pressure generaed by he low-pressure pison-cylinder assembly; p - nominal differenial pressure; α - hermal coefficien of he high-pressure pison-cylinder assembly; - emperaure of he high-pressure pison-cylinder assembly during he generaion of p s ; α L - hermal coefficien of he low-pressure pison-cylinder assembly; L - emperaure of he low-pressure pison-cylinder assembly during he generaion of p s 0 - emperaure of he high-pressure pison-cylinder assembly during he iniial cross-floa; L0 - emperaure of he low-pressure pison-cylinder assembly during he iniial cross-floa; Iniially he pressure generaed by he high-line differenial pison gauge [3] can be wrien as follows: p = mgb [ + α( 0) ] ( ρ ρ a ) gh (3) where: m - mass of he weighs applied o generae differenial pressure; g - acceleraion due o graviy b - air buoyancy correcion facor; - effecive area of he high-pressure side of he pison-cylinder assembly;
6 α - hermal coefficien of he pison-cylinder assembly; - emperaure of he pison-cylinder assembly during he generaion of p ρ - densiy of he working fluid; ρ a - densiy of he ambien air ; h - disance beween he wo acive faces of he large diameer pison. The mehod used eliminaes he influence of he fluid head [4] and he equaion (3) can be rewrien: p = mgb [ + α( 0) ] (4) which simplifies more he equaion for he effecive area: = mgb [ + α( 0) ] ps (5) The above equaion has been used for deermining he effecive area of he differenial pison and for he evaluaion of he associaed expanded uncerainy (in which case equaion (5) was wrien explicily). Resuls Calibraions of several unis have been performed. These calibraions include observaions a several pressures covering he differenial operaing range. These differenial observaions are made a each of several line pressures covering he full line pressure range. In all cases i was observed ha here was no significan dependence of he differenial pison area on line pressure. Furher, he predominan influence o scaer in he residuals of he effecive area fi is aribuable o he resoluion limi of he win-pos sandard. s shown in Figure 3, he calibraion residuals exhibi significan scaer, which ends o increase wih line pressure and wih smaller differenial pressures.
7 Figure 3. Calibraion Residuals as PPM of rea Considering he sandard used in his calibraion, his is exacly he resul ha should be expeced. The calibraion sandard sysem has a repeaabiliy limi of abou par per million. This ppm hreshold impacs he differenial pressure calibraion as ppm of he oal pressure being generaed, or essenially in his case, he line pressure. One ppm of oal pressure is be a progressively larger porion of differenial pressure as he differenial pressure decreases, and as he line pressure increases. When he area fi residuals are graphed as a fracion of line pressure, he residuals follow he expeced paern. s shown in Figure 4, he residuals are all wihin he par per million repeaabiliy hreshold of he sandard.
8 Figure 4. Calibraion Residuals as PPM of Line Pressure I is apparen in Figure 4, ha wihin he PPM resoluion limi of he sandard, here is no correlaion beween he area of he differenial pison and pressure, eiher line pressure or differenial pressure. Furher, since he resoluion limi of he sandard is he dominan uncerainy influence, is considered o have normal disribuion, and affecs all observaions equally, he measured area values for he differenial pison are considered independen. These independen values allow expressing he differenial pison area as a weighed average [5] wih a weighed sandard uncerainy: 0 i= i ( dp, lp) ( ) i= U i = 0 (6) U ( ) i= ( ) i U U = 0 (7) ( ) i This resuls in a ypical differenial pison area of: =64.6 mm (8)
9 Wih an expanded uncerainy (coverage facor of ) of: U ( ) = 0.00 mm (9) Conclusions new design of differenial pressure sandard has been developed o address he need in indusry for an accurae and easy-o-use sandard for boh pneumaic and hydraulic high-line differenial pressure calibraions. The design of his insrumen eliminaes he complexiy of he iniial cross-floa operaion of he win-pos and divider mehods by using a precision digial balance o offse he pison are. The digial balance also allows elecronic feedback o he conrol sysem o faciliae auomaed mainenance of he differenial pressure. The high performance of he differenial pison and he calibraion mehod seleced during he developmen of his new sandard keep he uncerainy in he pison area o a minimum. The large area of he differenial pison, he low hermal coefficien and high sabiliy raing of he maerial seleced for he pison/cylinder componens, and he very low uncerainy capabiliy demonsraed in he calibraion process make he insrumen suiable for use as a primary sandard o help improve measuremen uncerainy of differenial pressures a high line pressures leading o beer accounabiliy in fiscal monioring and cusody ransfer of naural resources, reduce oxic emissions from power plan and associaed processes and provide a poenial ool o aid in he process of carbon sequesraion and accounabiliy for carbon credis. References [] N. Moisoi, M. Bryan, S. Page, S. Corrie, The new Pressuremens differenial deadweigh eser model 4XX, Inernaional Merology Conference, Buchares, Sepember 00 [] M. ay, D. Simpson, Developmen of he high line differenial pressure sandards, NPL- Repor, Teddingon, MSO, 999 [3] N. Moisoi, D. Godfrey, New igh Line Differenial Pison Gauge, Conference Proceeding, Inernaional Symposium on Pressure and Vacuum, Sepember 4, 003, Beijing, China [4] S.L. Lewis, G.N. Peggs, The Pressure Balance: pracical guide o is use, Second Ediion, London, MSO, 99 [5] M.G. Cox, The evaluaion of key comparison daa, Merologia 00, 39,
10
PRESSURE SENSOR TECHNICAL GUIDE INTRODUCTION FEATURES OF ELECTRIC PRESSURE SENSOR. Photoelectric. Sensor. Proximity Sensor. Inductive. Sensor.
Proximiy INTRDUCTIN Pressur sensor The sensor convers of gases or liquid ino elecrical magniude wih he sensing elemen, and generaes he analog oupu proporional o applied level or he swiching oupu oggled
More informationThe Measuring System for Estimation of Power of Wind Flow Generated by Train Movement and Its Experimental Testing
Energy and Power Engineering, 2014, 6, 333-339 Published Online Ocober 2014 in SciRes. hp://www.scirp.org/journal/epe hp://dx.doi.org/10.4236/epe.2014.611028 The Measuring Sysem for Esimaion of Power of
More informationAutomatic air-main charging and pressure control system for compressed air supplies
Auomaic air-main charging and pressure conrol sysem for compressed air supplies Type PCS A module from he sysem -vacorol Swiching on-off a compressed air uni in a compressed air supply generally akes place
More informationAn Alternative Mathematical Model for Oxygen Transfer Evaluation in Clean Water
An Alernaive Mahemaical Model for Oxygen Transfer Evaluaion in Clean Waer Yanjun (John) He 1, PE, BCEE 1 Kruger Inc., 41 Weson Parkway, Cary, NC 27513 Email: john.he@veolia.com ABSTRACT Energy consumpion
More informationZelio Control Measurement Relays RM4L Liquid Level Relays
Zelio Conrol Measuremen elays FNCTIONS These devices monior he levels of conducive liquids. They conrol he acuaion of pumps or valves o regulae levels; hey are also suiable for proecing submersible pumps
More informationA Study on the Powering Performance of Multi-Axes Propulsion Ships with Wing Pods
Second Inernaional Symposium on Marine Propulsors smp amburg Germany une A Sudy on he Powering Performance of Muli-Axes Propulsion Ships wih Wing Pods eungwon Seo Seokcheon Go Sangbong Lee and ungil Kwon
More informationMonte Carlo simulation modelling of aircraft dispatch with known faults
Loughborough Universiy Insiuional Reposiory Mone Carlo simulaion modelling of aircraf dispach wih known fauls This iem was submied o Loughborough Universiy's Insiuional Reposiory by he/an auhor. Ciaion:
More informationDual Boost High Performances Power Factor Correction (PFC)
Dual Boos High Performances Power Facor Correcion (PFC) C. Aaianese, Senior Member, IEEE - V. Nardi, Member, IEEE - F. Parillo - G. Tomasso, Member, IEEE Deparmen of Auomaion, Elecromagneism, Compuer Science
More informationInstruction Manual. Rugged PCB type. 1 Terminal Block. 2 Function. 3 Series Operation and Parallel Operation. 4 Assembling and Installation Method
Rugged PCB ype Insrucion Manual 1 Terminal Block Funcion.1...4.5.6.7 Inpu volage range Inrush curren limiing Overcurren proecion Overvolage proecion Oupu volage adjusmen range Isolaion Remoe ON/OFF E9
More informationStrategic Decision Making in Portfolio Management with Goal Programming Model
American Journal of Operaions Managemen and Informaion Sysems 06; (): 34-38 hp://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com//aomis doi: 0.648/.aomis.0600.4 Sraegic Decision Making in Porfolio Managemen wih Goal Programming
More informationPaul M. Sommers David U. Cha And Daniel P. Glatt. March 2010 MIDDLEBURY COLLEGE ECONOMICS DISCUSSION PAPER NO
AN EMPIRICAL TEST OF BILL JAMES S PYTHAGOREAN FORMULA by Paul M. Sommers David U. Cha And Daniel P. Gla March 2010 MIDDLEBURY COLLEGE ECONOMICS DISCUSSION PAPER NO. 10-06 DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS MIDDLEBURY
More informationAvoiding Component Failure in Industrial Refrigeration Systems
Avoiding Componen Failure in Indusrial Refrigeraion Sysems By Tim Kroeger, segmen markeing manager indusrial refrigeraion, Asia Pacific & India The aricle caegorises and gives examples of ypical componen
More informationMorningstar Investor Return
Morningsar Invesor Reurn Morningsar Mehodology Paper March 3, 2009 2009 Morningsar, Inc. All righs reserved. The informaion in his documen is he propery of Morningsar, Inc. Reproducion or ranscripion by
More informationSIMULATION OF WAVE EFFECT ON SHIP HYDRODYNAMICS BY RANSE
1 h Inernaional Conference on Sabiliy of Ships and Ocean Vehicles 591 SIMULATION OF WAVE EFFECT ON SHIP HYDRODYNAMICS BY RANSE Qiuxin Gao, Universiy of Srahclyde, UK, Gao.q.x@srah.ac.uk Dracos Vassalos,
More informationEXAMINING THE FEASIBILITY OF PAIRED CLOSELY-SPACED PARALLEL APPROACHES
EXAMINING THE FEASIBILITY OF PAIRED CLOSELY-SPACED PARALLEL APPROACHES Seven J. Landry and Amy R. Priche Georgia Insiue of Technology Alana GA 30332-0205 ABSTRACT Paired closely-spaced parallel approaches
More informationLEWA intellidrive. The mechatronic All-in-One pump system. intelligent flexible dynamic high precision. Foto: ratiopharm
The mecharonic All-in-One pump sysem Foo: raiopharm inelligen flexible dynamic high precision For diverse applicaions: a limiless range of poenial uses Phoo: raiopharm Mixing wo media in one pump head:
More informationANALYSIS OF RELIABILITY, MAINTENANCE AND RISK BASED INSPECTION OF PRESSURE SAFETY VALVES
ANALYSIS OF RELIABILITY, MAINTENANCE AND RISK BASED INSPECTION OF PRESSURE SAFETY VALVES Venilon Forunao Francisco Machado Mechanical Engineering Dep, Insiuo Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 049-00,
More information3 (R) 1 (P) N/en
3/ way fail-safe safey valve, solenoid acuaed For mechanical presses and oher safey applicaions G /4... G, /4... NT Inherenly fail-safe wihou residual pressure ynamic self monioring ouble valve conrol
More informationFlexible Seasonal Closures in the Northern Prawn Fishery
Flexible Seasonal Closures in he Norhern Prawn Fishery S. Beare, L. Chapman and R. Bell Ausralian Bureau of Agriculural and Resource Economics IIFET 2 Proceedings Given high levels of uncerainy associaed
More informationXSz 8... XSz 50 Solenoid actuated fail-safe safety valve
> > /-way or size: G /4... G, /4... NT > > ouble valve conrol sysem, inherenly failsafe wihou residual pressure > > ynamic self monioring > > For use wih pneumaic cluch and brake sysems and oher -way safey
More informationKEY CONCEPTS AND PROCESS SKILLS. 1. An allele is one of the two or more forms of a gene present in a population. MATERIALS AND ADVANCE PREPARATION
Gene Squares 61 40- o 2 3 50-minue sessions ACIVIY OVERVIEW P R O B L E M S O LV I N G SUMMARY Sudens use Punne squares o predic he approximae frequencies of rais among he offspring of specific crier crosses.
More informationA Probabilistic Approach to Worst Case Scenarios
A Probabilisic Approach o Wors Case Scenarios A Probabilisic Approach o Wors Case Scenarios By Giovanni Barone-Adesi Universiy of Albera, Canada and Ciy Universiy Business School, London Frederick Bourgoin
More informationSimulation Validation Methods
Simulaion Validaion Mehods J. PELLETTIERE* Federal Aviaion Adminisraion, Washingon DC Absrac Modeling and simulaion is increasingly being used o represen occupan behavior, boh of human subjecs and of Anhropomorphic
More information67.301/1. RLP 10: Pneumatic volume-flow controller. Sauter Components
7.0/ RL 0: neumaic volume-flow conroller How energ efficienc is improved For demand-led conrol of he air volume in office rooms. Areas of applicaion Conrol of he suppl and exhaus air of individual rooms
More informationAP Physics 1 Per. Unit 2 Homework. s av
Name: Dae: AP Physics Per. Uni Homework. A car is driven km wes in hour and hen 7 km eas in hour. Eas is he posiive direcion. a) Wha is he average velociy and average speed of he car in km/hr? x km 3.3km/
More information2017 MCM/ICM Merging Area Designing Model for A Highway Toll Plaza Summary Sheet
Team#55307 Page 1 of 25 For office use only T1 T2 T3 T4 Team Conrol Number 55307 Problem Chosen B For office use only F1 F2 F3 F4 2017 MCM/ICM Merging Area Designing Model for A Highway Toll Plaza Summary
More informationApplication of System Dynamics in Car-following Models
Applicaion of Sysem Dynamics in Car-following Models Arif Mehmood, rank Saccomanno and Bruce Hellinga Deparmen of Civil Engineering, Universiy of Waerloo Waerloo, Onario, Canada N2 3G1 E-mail: saccoman@uwaerloo.ca
More informationFlow Switch LABO-VHZ-S
Flow Swich S Volumeric flow swiching Almos no effec from differing viscosiies Versaile, configurable swiching oupu in push-pull design Robus consrucion Compac design Characerisics he VHZ gearwheel flow
More informationUsing Rates of Change to Create a Graphical Model. LEARN ABOUT the Math. Create a speed versus time graph for Steve s walk to work.
2.4 Using Raes of Change o Creae a Graphical Model YOU WILL NEED graphing calculaor or graphing sofware GOAL Represen verbal descripions of raes of change using graphs. LEARN ABOUT he Mah Today Seve walked
More information) and magnetization left from the last breath (10), as follows:
RSNA, 206 0.48/radiol.20550495 Appendix E heory Fracional venilaion (FV) for a volume elemen in he lung is a nondimensional meric defined as he raio of he inspired gas added o ha elemen o he oal gas space
More informationCapacity Utilization Metrics Revisited: Delay Weighting vs Demand Weighting. Mark Hansen Chieh-Yu Hsiao University of California, Berkeley 01/29/04
Capaciy Uilizaion Merics Revisied: Delay Weighing vs Demand Weighing Mark Hansen Chieh-Yu Hsiao Universiy of California, Berkeley 01/29/04 1 Ouline Inroducion Exising merics examinaion Proposed merics
More informationReal-time Stochastic Evacuation Models for Decision Support in Actual Emergencies
Real-ime Sochasic Evacuaion Models for Decision Suppor in Acual Emergencies ARTURO CUESTA, DANIEL ALVEAR, ORLANDO ABREU and DELFÍN SILIÓ Transpors and echnology projecs and processes Universiy of Canabria
More informationLifecycle Funds. T. Rowe Price Target Retirement Fund. Lifecycle Asset Allocation
Lifecycle Funds Towards a Dynamic Asse Allocaion Framework for Targe Reiremen Funds: Geing Rid of he Dogma in Lifecycle Invesing Anup K. Basu Queensland Universiy of Technology The findings of he Mercer
More informationDo Competitive Advantages Lead to Higher Future Rates of Return?
Do Compeiive Advanages Lead o Higher Fuure Raes of Reurn? Vicki Dickinson Universiy of Florida Greg Sommers Souhern Mehodis Universiy 2010 CARE Conference Forecasing and Indusry Fundamenals April 9, 2010
More informationConstructing Absolute Return Funds with ETFs: A Dynamic Risk-Budgeting Approach. July 2008
Consrucing Absolue Reurn Funds wih ETFs: A Dynamic Risk-Budgeing Approach July 2008 Noël Amenc Direcor, EDHEC Risk & Asse Managemen Research Cenre Professor of Finance, EDHEC Business School noel.amenc@edhec-risk.com
More informationOverview. Do white-tailed tailed and mule deer compete? Ecological Definitions (Birch 1957): Mule and white-tailed tailed deer potentially compete.
COMPETITION BETWEEN MULE AND WHITE- TAILED DEER METAPOPULATIONS IN NORTH-CENTRAL WASHINGTON E. O. Garon, Kris Hennings : Fish and Wildlife Dep., Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 Maureen Murphy, and Seve
More informationReliability Design Technology for Power Semiconductor Modules
Reliabiliy Design Technology for Power Semiconducor Modules Akira Morozumi Kasumi Yamada Tadashi Miyasaka 1. Inroducion The marke for power semiconducor modules is spreading no only o general-purpose inverers,
More informationPerformance Attribution for Equity Portfolios
PERFORMACE ATTRIBUTIO FOR EQUITY PORTFOLIOS Performance Aribuion for Equiy Porfolios Yang Lu and David Kane Inroducion Many porfolio managers measure performance wih reference o a benchmark. The difference
More informationInterpreting Sinusoidal Functions
6.3 Inerpreing Sinusoidal Funcions GOAL Relae deails of sinusoidal phenomena o heir graphs. LEARN ABOUT he Mah Two sudens are riding heir bikes. A pebble is suck in he ire of each bike. The wo graphs show
More information2. JOMON WARE ROPE STYLES
Proceedings of he IIEEJ Image Elecronics and Visual Compuing Workshop 2012 Kuching, Malaysia, November 21-24, 2012 A SIMULATION SYSTEM TO SYNTHESIZE ROPE ROLLING PATTERNS IN A VIRTUAL SPACE FOR RESEARCH
More informationThe t-test. What We Will Cover in This Section. A Research Situation
The -es 1//008 P331 -ess 1 Wha We Will Cover in This Secion Inroducion One-sample -es. Power and effec size. Independen samples -es. Dependen samples -es. Key learning poins. 1//008 P331 -ess A Research
More informationEvaluation of a car-following model using systems dynamics
Evaluaion of a car-following model using sysems dynamics Arif Mehmood, rank Saccomanno and Bruce Hellinga Deparmen of Civil Engineering, Universiy of Waerloo Waerloo, Onario, Canada N2 3G1 Tel: 519 888
More informationMVS. Electronic fan speed controller for DIN rail. Key features. Article codes Technical specifications. Area of use
MVS Elecronic fan speed conroller for DIN rail The MVS elecronic speed conrollers conrol he speed of single-phase volage conrollable elecric moors ( VAC / 5 6 z) according o a sandard inpu conrol signal.
More informationCorresponding Author
Inernaional Journal of Scienific & Engineering Research Volume 9, Issue 4, April-2018 562 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF NON-LINEAR PIPE BENDS 1 KALIKI HEMANTH, M.IMTHIYAS SHERIFF, KODAM VINEETH KUMAR, 2 M.ANANDRAJ,
More informationWhat the Puck? an exploration of Two-Dimensional collisions
Wha he Puck? an exploraion of Two-Dimensional collisions 1) Have you ever played 8-Ball pool and los he game because you scrached while aemping o sink he 8-Ball in a corner pocke? Skech he sho below: Each
More informationFilter Regulator with Back Flow Mechanism AW20K/30K/40K. How to Order. Symbol. Note 4) J N R W Z. Note 5) Note 6) Accessories Note 3) Symbol.
Filer Regulaor wih ack Flow Mechanism K/3K/4K 3 K F 3 ow o Order ircui diagram 3 4K K hen he air supply is cu off and releasing he inle pressure o he amosphere, he residual pressure release of he oule
More informationSimulation based approach for measuring concentration risk
MPRA Munich Personal RePEc Archive Simulaion based approach for measuring concenraion risk Kim, Joocheol and Lee, Duyeol UNSPECIFIED February 27 Online a hp://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2968/ MPRA Paper No.
More informationUrban public transport optimization by bus ways: a neural network-based methodology
Urban Transpor XIII: Urban Transpor and he Environmen in he 21s Cenury 347 Urban public ranspor opimizaion by bus ways: a neural nework-based mehodology M. Migliore & M. Caalano Deparmen of Transporaion
More informationSimulation of Scattering Acoustic Field in Rod and Identify of. Ultrasonic Flaw Detecting Signal
17h Word onference on Nondesrucive Tesing, 5-8 Oc 008, Shanghai, hina Simuaion of Scaering Acousic Fied in Rod and Idenify of Urasonic Faw Deecing Signa Ke-Yi YUAN 1, Wen-Ai SONG 1, Yi-Fang HEN 1 1 Deparmen
More informationHomework 2. is unbiased if. Y is consistent if. c. in real life you typically get to sample many times.
Econ526 Mulile Choice. Homework 2 Choose he one ha bes comlees he saemen or answers he quesion. (1) An esimaor ˆ µ of he oulaion value µ is unbiased if a. ˆ µ = µ. b. has he smalles variance of all esimaors.
More informationMCW100A, B Time Proportional Rotary Position Controller
DESCRIPTION MCW100A, B Time Proporional Roary Posiion Conroller Issued: March 1992 The MCW100 Time Proporional Roary Posiion Conroller provides auomaic grade or seering conrol of paving, renching and curbing
More informationBootstrapping Multilayer Neural Networks for Portfolio Construction
Asia Pacific Managemen Review 17(2) (2012) 113-126 Boosrapping Mulilayer Neural Neworks for Porfolio Consrucion Chin-Sheng Huang a*, Zheng-Wei Lin b, Cheng-Wei Chen c www.apmr.managemen.ncku.edu.w a Deparmen
More informationReview of Economics & Finance Submitted on 27/03/2017 Article ID: Mackenzie D. Wood, and Jungho Baek
Review of Economics & Finance Submied on 27/03/2017 Aricle ID: 1923-7529-2017-04-63-09 Mackenzie D. Wood, and Jungho Baek Facors Affecing Alaska s Salmon Permi Values: Evidence from Brisol Bay Drif Gillne
More informationChapter : Linear Motion 1
Te: Chaper 2.1-2.4 Think and Eplain: 1-3 Think and Sole: --- Chaper 2.1-2.4: Linear Moion 1 NAME: Vocabulary: disance, displacemen, ime, consan speed, consan elociy, aerage, insananeous, magniude, ecor,
More informationFORECASTING TECHNIQUES ADE 2013 Prof Antoni Espasa TOPIC 1 PART 2 TRENDS AND ACCUMULATION OF KNOWLEDGE. SEASONALITY HANDOUT
FORECASTING TECHNIQUES ADE 2013 Prof Anoni Espasa TOPIC 1 PART 2 TRENDS AND ACCUMULATION OF KNOWLEDGE. SEASONALITY HANDOUT February 2013 MAIN FACTORS CAUSING TRENDS Increases in populaion. Seady inflaion.
More informationBackscattered Acoustic Energy by Monobubbles Experimental Approach and Statistical Study of the Attenuation
American J. of Engineering and Applied Sciences 2 (2): 399-406, 2009 ISSN 1941-7020 2009 Science Publicaions Backscaered Acousic Energy by Monobubbles Experimenal Approach and Saisical Sudy of he Aenuaion
More informationCMA DiRECtions for ADMinistRAtion GRADE 6. California Modified Assessment. test Examiner and Proctor Responsibilities
CMA 2012 California Modified Assessmen GRADE 6 DiRECions for ADMinisRAion es Examiner and Procor Responsibiliies Compleing all of he following seps will help ensure ha no esing irregulariies occur, ha
More informationProceedings of the ASME 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering OMAE2009 May 31 - June 5, 2009, Honolulu, Hawaii
Proceedings of he ASME 28h Inernaional Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arcic Engineering OMAE29 May 31 - June 5, 29, Honolulu, Hawaii OMAE29-79385 ANALYSIS OF THE TUNNEL IMMERSION FOR THE BUSAN-GEOJE
More informationTransit Priority Strategies for Multiple Routes Under Headway-Based Operations
Transi Prioriy Sraegies for Muliple Roues Under Headway-Based Operaions Yongjie Lin, Xianfeng Yang, Gang-Len Chang, and Nan Zou This paper presens a ransi signal prioriy (TSP) model designed o consider
More informationAs time goes by - Using time series based decision tree induction to analyze the behaviour of opponent players
As ime goes by - Using ime series based decision ree inducion o analyze he behaviour of opponen players Chrisian Drücker, Sebasian Hübner, Ubbo Visser, Hans-Georg Weland TZI - Cener for Compuing Technologies
More informationChapter / rev/min Ans. C / in. C mm Ans teeth Ans. C / mm Ans.
Chaper 13 13-1 dp 17 / 8 15 in N 110 dg dp 15 4375 in N3 544 NG PdG 84375 35 eeh C 15 4375 / 35 in Ans Ans ng 1600 15 / 60 400 rev/min Ans p m 3 mm Ans C 3 15 60 115 mm Ans 13-13-3 N G 16 4 64 eeh Ans
More informationSources of Over-Performance in Equity Markets: Mean Reversion, Common Trends and Herding
The Universiy of Reading THE BUSINESS SCHOOL FOR FINANCIAL MARKETS Sources of Over-Performance in Equiy Markes: Mean Reversion, Common Trends and Herding ISMA Cenre Discussion Papers in Finance 2003-08
More informationKeywords: (CNG1) Pressure Vessel, Design Thickness And Stress, Numerical Simulation, Failure Analysis, COMSOL Multiphasic.
www.semargroup.org, www.ijser.com ISSN 9-8885 Vol.0,Issue.09 May-04, Pages:869-87 Failure Analysis of A Thin-walled CNG Cylindrical Pressure Vessel THIN ZAR THEIN HLAING, DR. HTAY HTAY WIN Dep of Mechanical
More informationDynamics of market correlations: Taxonomy and portfolio analysis
Dynamics of marke correlaions: Taxonomy and porfolio analysis J.-P. Onnela, A. Chakrabori, and K. Kaski Laboraory of Compuaional Engineering, Helsinki Universiy of Technology, P.O. Box 9203, FIN-02015
More informationCHARACTERIZATION AND MODELING OF A PROPORTIONAL VALVE FOR CONTROL SYNTHESIS
CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELING OF A PROPORTIONAL VALVE FOR CONTROL SYNTHESIS Osama. OLABY, Xavier. BRN, Sylvie. SESMAT, Tanneguy. REDARCE and Eric. BIDEAX Laboraoire d Auomaique Indusrielle - hp://www-lai.insa-lyon.fr
More informationType Control action Setpoint range Air Weight Volume flow % capacity I n /h kg. Pressure diff. 1) Pa
7.0/ RL 0 & 0: neumaic volume-flow conroller Used in conjuncion wih an orifice plae or a dnamic pressure sensor and a pneumaic damper drive for conrolling he air volume in air-condiioning ssems. For fixed,
More information3.00 m. 8. At La Ronde, the free-fall ride called the Orbit" causes a 60.0 kg person to accelerate at a rate of 9.81 m/s 2 down.
Physics Prees: Torque 1. Newon s 2 nd Law 2. Kinemaics (Free fall, graphs, and combined wih F R = ma) Pracice Quesions/Problems 1. Wha is Newon s 2 nd Law? Name and explain i. 2. Prove ha acceleraion for
More informationBill Turnblad, Community Development Director City of Stillwater Leif Garnass, PE, PTOE, Senior Associate Joe DeVore, Traffic Engineer
Memorandum SRF No. 16 94 To: From: Bill Turnblad, Communiy Developmen Direcor Ciy of Sillwaer Leif Garnass, PE, PTOE, Senior Associae Joe DeVore, Traffic Engineer Dae: November 9, 16 Subjec: Downown Plan
More informationExamining the limitations for visual anglecar following models
Examining he limiaions for visual anglecar following models Al Obaedi, JTS and Yousif, S Tile Auhors Type URL Published Dae 009 Examining he limiaions for visual angle car following models Al Obaedi, JTS
More informationIdiosyncratic Volatility, Stock Returns and Economy Conditions: The Role of Idiosyncratic Volatility in the Australian Stock Market
Idiosyncraic Volailiy, Sock Reurns and Economy Condiions: The Role of Idiosyncraic Volailiy in he Ausralian Sock Marke Bin Liu Amalia Di Iorio RMIT Universiy Melbourne Ausralia Absrac This sudy examines
More informationPrepared by: Candice A. Churchwell, Senior Consultant Aimee C. Savage, Project Analyst. June 17, 2014 CALMAC ID SCE0350
Execuive Summary: 2014 2024 Demand Response Porfolio of Souhern California Edison Company Submied o Souhern California Edison Co. Submied by Nexan, Inc. June 17, 2014 CALMAC ID SCE0350 Prepared by: Candice
More informationThe APT with Lagged, Value-at-Risk and Asset Allocations by Using Econometric Approach
Proceedings of he 16 Inernaional Conference on Indusrial Engineering and Operaions Managemen Deroi, USA, Sepember 3-5, 16 he AP wih Lagged, Value-a-Risk and Asse Allocaions by Using Economeric Approach
More informationThe safe ships trajectory in a restricted area
Scienific Journals Mariime Universiy of Szczecin Zeszyy Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie 214, 39(111) pp. 122 127 214, 39(111) s. 122 127 ISSN 1733-867 The safe ships rajecory in a resriced area Zbigniew
More informationQUANTITATIVE FINANCE RESEARCH CENTRE. Optimal Time Series Momentum QUANTITATIVE FINANCE RESEARCH CENTRE QUANTITATIVE F INANCE RESEARCH CENTRE
QUANTITATIVE FINANCE RESEARCH CENTRE QUANTITATIVE F INANCE RESEARCH CENTRE QUANTITATIVE FINANCE RESEARCH CENTRE Research Paper 353 January 15 Opimal Time Series Momenum Xue-Zhong He, Kai Li and Youwei
More informationEvaluating Portfolio Policies: A Duality Approach
OPERATIONS RESEARCH Vol. 54, No. 3, May June 26, pp. 45 418 issn 3-364X eissn 1526-5463 6 543 45 informs doi 1.1287/opre.16.279 26 INFORMS Evaluaing Porfolio Policies: A Dualiy Approach Marin B. Haugh
More informationINSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL
1,000 POUND CAPACITY MOTORCYCLE / ATV LIFT IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS PLEASE READ THE ENTIRE CONTENTS OF THIS MANUAL PRIOR TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION. BY PROCEEDING WITH LIFT
More informationNozzle valve system for the variable atomization of very small liquid volumes
Nozzle valve sysem for he variable aomizaion of very small liquid volumes VERY SMALL LIQUID VOLUMES MAXIMUM BENEFIT Innovaive spraying echnology opens up new applicaions The pressure o sandardize is increasing
More informationSemi-Fixed-Priority Scheduling: New Priority Assignment Policy for Practical Imprecise Computation
Semi-Fixed-Prioriy Scheduling: New Prioriy Assignmen Policy for Pracical Imprecise Compuaion Hiroyuki Chishiro, Akira Takeda 2, Kenji Funaoka 2 and Nobuyuki Yamasaki School of Science for Open and Environmen
More informationHafcoVac Compressed Air Industrial Vacuum Product Line
HafcoVac Compressed Air Indusrial Vacuum Produc Line OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS & SAFETY MANUAL Thank you for your purchase of a HafcoVac produc. HafcoVac is a division of Hafco Foundry and Machine Company,
More informationFront-Crawl Instantaneous Velocity Estimation Using a Wearable Inertial Measurement Unit
Sensors 2012, 12, 12927-12939; doi:10.3390/s121012927 Aricle OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 www.mdpi.com/journal/sensors Fron-Crawl Insananeous Velociy Esimaion Using a Wearable Inerial Measuremen
More informationReproducing laboratory-scale rip currents on a barred beach by a Boussinesq wave model
See discussions, sas, and auhor profiles for his publicaion a: hps://www.researchgae.ne/publicaion/9977 Reproducing laboraory-scale rip currens on a barred beach by a Boussinesq wave model Aricle in Journal
More information2020 ClearTrace In-line Turbidity System
2020 ClearTrace In-line Turbidiy Sysem Code 5-0113-24V Code 5-0113-110V Preface This insrucion manual serves o explain he use of he LaMoe 2020 ClearTrace Inline Turbidiy Sysem and is wrien o cover as
More informationWHO RIDE THE HIGH SPEED RAIL IN THE UNITED STATES THE ACELA EXPRESS CASE STUDY
Proceedings of he 2010 Join Rail Conference JRC2010 April 27-29, 2010, Urbana, Illinois, USA JRC2010-36236 WHO RIDE THE HIGH SPEED RAIL IN THE UNITED STATES THE ACELA EXPRESS CASE STUDY Zhenhua Chen The
More informationNozzle valve system for the variable atomization of very small liquid volumes
Nozzle valve sysem for he variable aomizaion of very small liquid volumes V E R Y S M A L L L I Q U I D V O L U M E S M A X I M U M B E N E F I T Innovaive spraying echnology opens up new applicaions The
More informationP/Q. Alternate control. Real-time Fieldbus Reference. Enhanced Diagnostic E-SW-PS/S E-SW-PS/S. E-SW-*/S programming software. Set code (see note)
www.aos.com Table G212obs/E Digial elecronic drivers ype E-RI-TES, E-RI-LES wih /S* opions inegral-o-valve forma, for proporional valves wih addiional alernae /Q conrol obsolee componens - availabiliy
More informationDIMENSIONS AC Road travel
DIMENSIONS AC 10009 Road ravel 04 DIMENSIONS AC 10009 Lifing operaion OUTRIGGER BASES TO CHOOSE FROM: A 13.54m x 13.538m B 12.0m x 12.0m (NEW) C 9.671m x 9.885m 05 HA /SSL (HA50) AC 10009 AC 10009 17 HA
More informationCONTROL VALVES IN TURBO-COMPRESSOR ANTI-SURGE SYSTEMS
CONTROL VALVES IN TURBO-COMPRESSOR ANTI-SURGE SYSTEMS keninrol CONTROL VALVES IN TURBO-COMPRESSOR ANTI-SURGE SYSTEMS CONTROL VALVES IN TURBO-COMPRESSOR ANTI-SURGE SYSTEMS 0 KOSO KENT INTROL SUPPLIES A
More information1. The value of the digit 4 in the number 42,780 is 10 times the value of the digit 4 in which number?
Mahemaics. he value of he digi in he number 70 is 0 imes he value of he digi in which number?. Mike is years old. Joe is imes as old as Mike. Which equaion shows how o find Joe s age? 70 000 = = = + =
More informationSegment Ball Valves Eccentric ball valves
Caalog GOURD BRAND Segmen Ball Valves Eccenric ball valves Manual Elecric Air cylinder Produc Warrany Wihin eigheen monhs of compleion inspecion or wihin welve monhs of he sar of usage, whichever is shores,
More informationBGW-installation instruction for BGW-anchor with data head
BGW-insallaion insrucion for BGW-anchor wih daa head BGW- lifing eye wih swivel for axial and diagonal lif. Grease he hread well. Lifing loop for diagonal lifing unil 45. Screw he loop unil he ground of
More informationProportional Reasoning
Proporional Reasoning Focus on Afer his lesson, you will be able o... solve problems using proporional reasoning use more han one mehod o solve proporional reasoning problems When you go snowboarding or
More informationA Statistical, Age-Structured, Life-History-Based Stock Assessment Model for Anadromous Alosa
American Fisheries Sociey Symposium 35:275 283, 2003 2003 by he American Fisheries Sociey A Saisical, Age-Srucured, Life-Hisory-Based Sock Assessmen Model for Anadromous Alosa A. JAMIE F. GIBSON 1 Acadia
More informationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Development Animal and Plant Health Regulatory Directorate
Minisry of Agriculure and Rural Developmen Animal and Plan Healh Regulaory Direcorae Checklis for saus of slaugherhouses for cale, sheep and goas (General informaion) i Addis Ababa Ehiopia 1 1. Background
More informationKINEMATICS IN ONE DIMENSION
chaper KINEMATICS IN ONE DIMENSION Secion 2.1 Displacemen Secion 2.2 Speed and Velociy 1. A paricle ravels along a curved pah beween wo poins P and Q as shown. The displacemen of he paricle does no depend
More informationGas Source Localisation by Constructing Concentration Gridmaps with a Mobile Robot
Gas Source Localisaion by Consrucing Concenraion Gridmaps wih a Mobile Robo Achim Lilienhal 1, Tom Ducke 2 1 W.-Schickard-Ins. of Comp. Science, Universiy of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany lilien@informaik.uni-uebingen.de
More informationStock Return Expectations in the Credit Market
Sock Reurn Expecaions in he Credi Marke Hans Bysröm * Sepember 016 In his paper we compue long-erm sock reurn expecaions (across he business cycle) for individual firms using informaion backed ou from
More informationEFFECTS OF WIND SPEED ON WIND TURBINE AVAILABILITY
EFFECTS OF WIND SPEED ON WIND TURBINE AVAILABILITY S. Faulsich 1, P. Lyding 1, P. J. Tavner 2 1 Fraunhofer Insiue for Wind Energy and Energy Sysem Technology (IWES) 2 Energy Group, School of Engineering,
More informationThe Current Account as A Dynamic Portfolio Choice Problem
Public Disclosure Auhorized Policy Research Working Paper 486 WPS486 Public Disclosure Auhorized Public Disclosure Auhorized The Curren Accoun as A Dynamic Porfolio Choice Problem Taiana Didier Alexandre
More informationType 14 Flanged Diaphragm
izes: Body Maerials: Bonne Maerials: Diaphragms: pecificaions /" ", C, and,, G and EPDM and Also available in Nirile and FKM Type Flanged Diaphragm andard Feaures Flanged (ANI) face-o-face dimensions are
More informationIntelligent System for Blood Pressure Monitoring
Inelligen Sysem or Blood Pressure Monioring Aleksei Anisimov, Alyona Skorobogaova, Anasasiya Suyagina Sain-Peersburg Elecroechnical Universiy "LETI" Sain-Peersburg, Russia aaanisimov@eu.ru, alena_969696@bk.ru,
More information